OWA 


AT  THE 


World's  Industrial  and  Cotton  Centennial 


AND  THE 


NORTH,  CENTRAL  AND  SOUTH  AMERICAN 

RXPOBITIONS 

NEW    ORLEANS,    1884-G. 


REPORTS    OF 
HERBERT   S.    FAIRALL, 


COMMISSIONER, 


TO  THE   GOVERNOR  OF   IOWA. 


DES  MOINES: 

OEO.  E.  ROBERTS,  STATE  PRINTER. 
1885. 


EXCHANGE 


IOWA 


AT  THE 


World's  Industrial  and  Cotton  Centennial 


AND  THE 


NORTH,  CENTRAL  AND  SOUTH  AMERICAN 

EXPOSITIONS 

NEW   ORLEANS,    1884-6. 


REPORTS    OF 
HERBERT    S.    FAIRALL, 

COMMISSIONER, 

TO  THE   GOVERNOR  OF  IOWA. 


DES  MOINES: 

GEO.  E.  ROBERTS,  STATE  PRINTER, 
1885. 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


To  his  Excellency,  BURBN  R.  SHERMAN,  Governor  of  Iowa: 

SIB — I  herewith  submit  my  reports  as  Commissioner  for  Iowa  at 
the  World's  Industrial  and  Cotton  Centennial  Exposition,  and  at  the 
North,  Central  and  South  American  Exposition^the  former  held  at 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  from  December  16,  1884.  to  June  1,  1885, 
and  the  latter  now  in  progress  in  the  same  city,  having  opened  No- 
vember 10,  1885,  to  continue  not  later  than  March  31,  1886.  The 
benefits  derived  by  the  State  of  Iowa  from  its  participation  in  the 
first  international  exposition  in  the  United  States,  at  Philadelphia,  in 
1876,  had  been  so  marked  by  increase  in  its  population,  by  investment 
within  its  borders  of  capital  and  attraction  of  immigration,  and 
especially  by  the  advance  outside  of  the  State  both  in  the  demand 
and  value  of  its  products,  that  all  thoughtful,  enterprising  citizens 
urged  that  the  material  prosperity  of  Iowa  would  be  further  en- 
hanced by  its  taking  part  in  the  second  World's  Exposition  in  this 
country,  and  in  its  successor,  the  American  Exposition. 

The  opinion  also  prevailed  that  aside  from  the  commercial  phase 
of  the  subject  the  State  of  Iowa  could  not  afford  to  be  the  only  com- 
monwealth in  the  Union  to  withhold  its  presence  and  support  from, 
and  enjoy  the  influences  of,  a  great  world's  fair.  Of  the  peculiar 
circumstances  preventing  State  aid  for  the  exhibits  from  Iowa,  the 
discouragements  that  beset  the  work  of  making  the  State  display,  the 
organization  of  the  Iowa  Commission,  the  promptness  of  leading  cit- 
izens to  loan  their  credit  to  the  State,  the  character  of  the  exhibits 
from  Iowa,  and  the  honors  conferred  upon  the  State  for  the  excellence 
of  its  exhibits,  I  have  the  honor  of  speaking  hereinafter.  That  these 
expositions  at  New  Orleans  have  already  opened  new  markets  for  the 
products  of  Iowa,  and  advanced  the  State  still  further  in  the  front 
rank  of  States,  short  as  has  been  the  time  since  their  organization,  is 


4  WOBLDTS  EXPOSITION. 

a  fact  briefly  alluded  to.  It  is  also  a  source  of  gratification  to  pre- 
sent in  these  pages  descriptive  lists  of  the  articles  forming  the  Iowa 
displays,  together  witn  the  names  of  the  large  number  of  citizen* 
who  contributed  to  them. 

In  conclusion,  I  desire  to  return  thanks  to  the  men  and  women 
directly  associated  with  me  in  the  work,  and  to  join  with  them  in 
acknowledging  our  obligations  to  the  many  citizens  of  the  State  who 
so  promptly  and  generously  aided  us,  and  without  whose  support 
tJiere  could  ha V3  been  no  exhibit  from  Iowa  at  either  of  these  import- 
ant expositions. 

Yours  respectfully, 

HERBEBT  S.  FAIRALL, 

Commissioner. 
IOWA  CITY,  IOWA,  December  31,  1885. 


THE  IOWA  COMMISSION. 


President— HON.  BUBEN  R.  SHERMAN,  Governor  of  Iowa. 
Secretary—  HERBERT  S.  FAIRALL,  U.S.  Commissioner,  Iowa  City. 
j?reo*wrer— JOHN  S.  ELY,  Alternate  U.  S.  Commissioner,  Cedar  Rapids. 

SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  DEPARTMENTS. 

Agriculture— Hon.  F.  N.  Chase,  Cedar  Falls. 
Horticulture—  Col.  G.  B.  Brackett,  Denmark. 
Education — Hon.  J.  W.  Akers,  Des  Moines. 
Dairy— C.  A.  Huston,  Esq.,  Cedar  Rapids. 

Mechanics  and  Manufactures— W .  C.  Huntington,  Esq.,  Des  Moines. 
Live  Stock— Col.  John  Scott,  Nevada. 
Flour  and  Grain— Hon.  J.  J.  Snouffer,  Cedar  Rapids. 
Geology— Prof.  Samuel  Calvin,  Iowa  City. 
Woman's  Work— Mrs.  Mary  S.  Scoit,  Nevada. 

Fish  and  Fisheries— Hon.  A.  W.  Aldrich,  Anamosa ;  Hon.  A.  A.  Mosher, 
Spirit  Lake. 

Sanitary— it.  F.  Andrews,  Esq.,  Des  Moines. 
Mineral  Exhibit— Capt.  Albert  Head,  Jefferson. 
Bailroad  Systems—  Hon.  E.  G.  Morgan,  Des  Moines. 
Colored— Alex.  Clark,  Muscatine. 

HONORARY  COMMISSIONERS. 

First  District— Col.  G.  B.  Brackett,  Denmark. 
Second  District— Hon.  N.  A.  Merrell,  Clinton. 
Ihird  District— Hon.  J.  K.  Graves,  Dubuque. 
Fourth  District— Ron.  S.  A.  Converse,  Cresco. 
Fifth  District— Ron.  R.  W.  Lathrop,  Iowa  City: 
Sixth  District— Ron.  W.  T.  Smith,  Oskaloosa. 
Seventh  District—Ron.  C.  L.  Watrous,  Des  Moines. 
Eighth  District— Col.  H.  H.  Wright,  Centerville. 
Ninth  District— Ron.  B.  P.  Clayton,  Macedonia. 
lenth  District— Ron.  D.  D.  Chase,  Webster  City. 
Ekventh  District— Ron.  R.  C.  Wheeler,  Odebolt. 


(J  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

ASSISTANT  COMMISSIONERS. 

J.  M.  Gow,  Greenfield,  Adair  county. 

A.  B.  Shaw,  Corning,  Appanoose  county. 

A.  M.  May,  Waukon,  Allamakee  county. 

James  C.  Barrows,  Centerville,  Appanoose  county. 

J.  A.  Overholtzer,  Viola  Center,  Audubon  county. 

J.  W.  Keith,  Vinton,  Benton  county. 

J.  W.  Richards,  Waterloo,  Black  Hawk  county. 

J.  R.  Whitaker,  Boone,  Boone  county. 

E.  C.  Bennett,  Waverly,  Bremer  county. 

Wm.  A.  Jones,  Independence,  Buchanan  county. 

F.  J.  Stockwell,  Alta,  Buena  Vista  county. 
F.  O.  Newcomb,  Shell  Rock,  Butler  county. 
Frank  S.  Rice,  Rockwell  City,  Calhoun  county. 
M.  Miller,  Carroll,  Carroll  county. 

J.  B.  Erion,  Lewis,  Cass  county. 

Herbert  Hammond,  Tipton,  Cedar  county. 

Henry  Martin,  Mason  City,  Cerro  Gordo  county. 

Charles  Finkbine,  Aurelia,  Cherokee  county. 

John  M.  Gilliland,  New  Hampton,  Chickasaw  county. 

A.  S.  Johnson,  Osceola,  Clarke  county. 

A.  C.  Parker,  Spencer  Clay  county. 

A.  F.  Hofer,  McGregor,  Clayton  county. 

Frank  Mahin,  Clinton,  Clinton  county. 

E.  C.  Hay  wood,  West  Side,  Crawford  county. 

C.  H.  Lyon,  Dexter,  Dallas  county. 

J.  A.  Wright,  Bloomfield,  Davis  county. 

C.  M.  Murray,  Leon,  Decatur  county. 

J.  D  Kennedy,  Manchester,  Delaware  county, 

J.  W.  Burdette,  Burlington,  Des  Moines  county. 

Ira  S.  Foster,  Milford,  Dickinson  county. 

E.  H.  Smith,  Dubuque,  Dubuque  county. 
M.  Richmond,  Armstrong,  Emmet  county. 
S.  B.  Zeigler,  West  Union,  Fayette  county. 
O.  H.  Lyon,  Rockford,  Floyd  county. 

F.  M.  Hemingway,  Hampton,  Franklin  county. 
W.  L.  Aten,  Hamburg,  Fremont  county. 

C.  B.  Park,  Grand  Junction,  Greene  county. 
*C.  W.  Gibson,  Grundy  Center,  Grundy  county. 

E.  W.  Weeks,  Guthrie  Center,  Guthrie  county. 

G.  F.  Richardson,  Webster  City,  Hamilton  county. 
J.  A.  Treganye,  Britt,  Hancock  county. 

J.  T.  Buttolph,  Iowa  Falls,  Hardin  county. 

F.  W.  Hart,  Logan,  Harrison  county. 
R.  B.  Lindley,  Winfield,  Henry  county. 
C.  F.  Webster,  Cresco,  Howard  county. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

C.  H.  Bissell,  Humboldt,  Humboldt  county. 

J.  A.  Prink,  Ida  Grove,  Ida  county, 

W.  P.  Ketcham,  Marengo,  Iowa  county. 

James  Dunne,  Otter  Creek,  Jackson  county. 

H.  K.  Stahl,  Newton,  Jasper  county. 

*I.  W.  Pancoast,  Libertyville,  Jefferson  county. 

*H.  W.  Fyffe,  Iowa  City,  Johnson  county. 

J.  8.  Stacy,  Anamosa,  Jones  county. 

John  Morrison,  Sigourney,  Keokuk  county. 

John  Wallace,  Algona,  Kossuth  county. 

J.  H.  Hardin,  Ft.  Madison,  Lee  county. 

C.  G.  Greene,  Cedar  Rapids,  Linn  county. 

Arthur  Springer,  Columbus  Junction,  Louisa  county. 

8.  H.  Mallory,  Chariton,  Lucas  county. 

J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids,  Lyon  county. 

F.  M.  Cassidy,  Wmterset,  Madison  county. 

O.  C.  G.  Phillips,  Oskaloosa,  Mahaska  county. 

C.  H.  Durham,  Durham,  Marion  eounty. 

J.  G.  Brown,  Marshalltown,  Marshall  county. 

P.  P.  Kelley,  Glenwood,  Mills  county. 

F.  A.  Vanderpool,  West  Mitchell,  Mitchell  county. 

J.  D.  Ainsworth,  Onawa,  Monona  county. 

E.  C.  Hurlbut,  Albia,  Monroe  county. 

C.  W.  Snyder,  Red  Oak,  Montgomery  county. 

A.  W.  Lee,  Muscatine,  Muscatine  county. 

T.  B.  Stringfield,  Sheldon,  O'Brien  county. 

W.  J.  Miller,  Sibley,  Osceola  county. 

S.  E.  Wilson,  Clarinda,  Page  county. 

E.  S.  Ormsby,  Emmettsburg,  Palo  Alto  county, 

H.  C.  Curtis,  LeMars,  Plymouth  county. 

James  Mercer,  Fonda,  Pocahontas  county. 

P.  V.  Carey,  Des  Moines,  Polk  county. 

George  F.  Wright,  Council  Bluffs,  Pottawattamie  county, 

J.  Jarnagin,  Montezuma,  Poweshiek  county. 

Henry  Todd,  Mt.  Ayr,  Ringgold  county. 

W.  W.  Field,  Odebolt,  Sac  county. 

A.  J.  Hirschl,  Davenport,  scott  county. 

C.  C.  Redfield,  Harlan,  Shelby  county. 

H.  S,  Iselin,  Orange  City,  Sioux  county. 

C.  G.  McCarthy,  Nevada,  Story  county. 

George  W.  Sweatt,  Toledo, Tama  county. 

R.  G.  Moon,  Bedford,  Taylor  county. 

J.  F.  Bishop,  Alton,  Union  county. 

Robert  Topping,  Keosauqua,  Van  Buren  county. 

P.  G.  Ballingall,  Ottumwa,  Wapello  county. 


•Deceased. 


I  WORLD'S*  EXPOSITION. 

J.  L.  Eno,  Indianola,  Warren  county. 

H.  A.  Burrell,  Washington,  Washington  county. 

Samuel  Wright,  Clio,  Wayne  county. 

Frank  Farrell,  Ft.  Dodge,  Webster  county. 

J.  F.  Thompson,  Forest  City,  Winnebago  county. 

A.  W.  Brownell,  Ft.  Atkinson,  Winneshiek county 

George  H.  Wright,  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  county. 

Geo.  F.  Wattson,  Northwood,  Worth  county. 

fi.  A.  Howland,  Eagle  Grove,  Wright  county. 


REPORTS 


OF  THE 


COMMISSIONER 


THE   WORLD'S   EXPOSITION. 
1884-5. 


INTRODUCTORY  REMARKS. 

On  the  first  day  of  January,  1884,  the  people  of  Iowa,  through 
Hon.  Buren  R.  Sherman,  Governor  of  the  State,  were  invited  by  the 
Board  of  Management  of  the  World's  Industrial  and  Cotton  Centen- 
nial Exposition,  at  New  Orleans,  to  participate  in  said  exposition, 
both  by  contributing  to  it  and  by  visiting  it.  In  order  to  insure  the 
presentation  of  an  exhibit  from  Iowa,  the  Governor  was  requested  to 
recommend  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  for  appointment 
a  Commissioner  and  an  Alternate  Commissioner  for  the  Exposition^ 
in  conformity  with  an  act  of  Congress  providing  for  such  appoint- 
ment. Accordingly  an  invitation  was  extended  by  the  Governor,  on 
the  10th  day  of  January,  1884,  to  Herbert  S.  Fairall,  of  Iowa  City, 
and  John  S.  Ely,  of  Cedar  Rapids,  to  accept  the  respective  positions 
named  above,  and  these  gentlemen  accepting,  they  were  on  Febru- 
ary 10,  1884,  duly  commissioned  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  and  accredited  by  the  Governor  of  Iowa  to  the  authorities  of 
the  Exposition. 

While  the  preliminary  circulars  and  general  plan  of  the  Exposition 
were  of  the  most  comprehensive  character,  and  the  general  govern- 
ment had  officially  recognized  the  project,  by  inviting  foreign  nations 
to  participate  therein,  the  care  manifested  by  Congress  not  to  have 
the  government  become  in  any  manner  financially  responsible  for  the 
Exposition,  and  to  appropriate  no  money  for  its  preparation  or  main- 
tenance, gave  rise  to  the  belief  that  the  enterprise  would  be  only  local 
in  character,  somewhat  on  the  scale  of  the  Atlanta,  Cincinnati,  Louis- 
ville and  other  similar  expositions. 

At  a  conference  of  the  Commissioner  and  Alternate  Commissioner 


12  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

with  the  Governor,  the  matter  of  Iowa's  representation  in  the  project 
was  discussed  and  decided  favorably  upon.  It  was  agreed  that  even 
if  the  Exposition  should  not  prove  to  be  an  international  affair,  it 
would  be  an  excellent  opportunity  to  advertise  the  resources  and  in- 
terests of  Iowa,  and  to  hasten  the  era  of  good  feeling  between  the 
two  great  sections  of  the  country.  As  neither  Congress  nor  the  Ex- 
position provided  means  whereby  an  exhibit  could  be  made,  the  Com- 
missioners and  the  Governor  presented  the  subject  to  the  General 
Assembly,  then  in  session,  but  the  impression  prevailed  to  such  an 
extent  that  the  Exposition  could  be  none  other  than  a  New  Orleans 
or  local  enterprise, 'that  the  bill  asking  for  ten  thousand  dollars  never 
reached  a  vote.  The  same  indifference  was  displayed  in  the  legisla 
tures  of  the  various  States  that  were  in  session  at  the  same  time, 
only  Kansas  and  Nebraska  making  appropriations.  A  few  weeks  after 
the  General  Assembly  had  adjourned,  upon  the  presentation  of  the 
case  by  the  Commissioners  of  the  several  States  and  Territories,  Con- 
gress voted  a  loan  of  a  million  dollars  to  the  Exposition  and  a  third 
of  a  million  dollars  to  defray  the  expenses  of  making  a  display  at 
New  Orleans  of  the  government  exhibit  that  had  attracted  so  much 
attention  at  the  Centennial  Exposition,  in  1876.  This  vast  outlay  of 
money  by  the  government  at  once  advanced  the  Exposition  to  the 
rank  of  a  great  world's  fair,  and  its  preparation  went  forward  with 
remarkable  rapidity.  To  each  State  and  Territorial  Commissioner 
there  was  set  apart  by  the  Board  of  Management  the  sum  of  five 
thousand  dollars  as  a  fund  to  be  used  in  exciting  an  interest  and  pre- 
paring the  way  for  an  exhibit  from  his  State  or  Territory.  This 
much  needed  aid  proved  of  great  benefit  in  urging  the  work  forward 
throughout  the  entire  Union;  but,  while  the  appropriation  was  made 
by  Congress  early  in  June,  the  failure  of  the  Board  of  Management 
to  comply  with  certain  requirements  of  the  statute  as  to  paying  in 
the  subscriptions  of  stock  for  the  Exposition  corporation,  delayed  the 
availability  of  the  money  for  the  Commissioners  until  the  middle  of 
August.  Meantime,  in  Iowa,  as  in  other  States,  the  money  for  the 
expenses  of  the  preliminary  work  was  advanced  by  the  Commissioner. 
The  several  States  marked  their  approval  of  the  project  by  raising 
funds  to  supplement  this  appropriation  of  $5,000,  and  by  preparing 
exhibits.  It  was  evident  that  Iowa  could  not  afford  to  be  absent 
from  an  affair  which  was  endorsed  by  her  sister  Commonwealths. 
Besides,  the  beneficent  effects  of  her  participation  in  the  Philadelphia 
Exposition  of  1876  were  yet  being  enjoyed  by  her  producers  and  man- 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  Ifr 

ufacturers.  The  just  recognition  of  her  supremacy  in  the  products 
of  the  dairy  and  the  orchard,  by  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  gave  a 
stimulus  to  her  horticultural  and  creamery  interests,  resulting  in  in- 
creased trade,  with  corresponding  increase  of  wealth.  It  was,  there- 
fore, but  the  simple  exercise  of  business  sagacity  that  the  State  should 
be  represented  at  New  Orleans. 


THE  IOWA  COMMISSION. 

During  the  spring  and  summer,  after  my  appointment,  I  visited 
many  parts  of  the  State  and  found  but  one  sentiment  prevailing,  and 
that  was  that  Iowa  should  be  represented  at  the  forthcoming  World's 
Exposition.     In  a  large  number  of  counties  the  people  set  to  work  to 
preserve  the  choicest  of  their  products  for  a  State  exhibit.     The  ne- 
cessity of  a  suitable  fund  for  the  work,  however,  became  so  impera- 
tive that  a  meeting  to  devise  ways  and  means  was  held  at  Cedar  Rap- 
ids, on  August  27,  1884,  with  a  large  number  of  the  most  prominent 
citizens  in  attendance.      The  high  standing  of  the  personel  of  this 
meeting,  embracing  the  best  men  of  the  State,  without  regard  to  po- 
litical distinctions,  gave  to  its  deliberation  a  weight  not  to  be  disre- 
garded.    It  was  agreed  that  a  suitable  display  of  the  State's  resources 
and  abilities  should  be  made.     Unfortunately,  as  has  been  stated,  the 
legislature  had  adjourned  without  providing  means  for  such  exhibit, 
and  a  plan  was  perfected  to  accomplish  the  desired  end.     This  was 
to  secure  from  the  citizens  of  the  State  a  sum  sufficient  to  pay  the 
expense  of  the  State  exhibit.     The  money  so  obtained  was  to  be  raised 
in  the  shape  of  a  quasi  loan,  based  upon  the  expected  credit  of  the 
State,  and  with  the  understanding  that  the  amounts  advanced  by  in- 
dividuals would  not  be  finally  their  loss,  unless  the  State  should,  by 
the  action  of  its  representatives,  refuse  to  recognize  the  value  of  it& 
presence  at  the  New  Orleans  Exposition,  as  applied  to  it  as  a  State. 
This  plan  was  not  only  heartily  endorsed  by  the  press  of  Iowa,  and 
its  consummation  aided  by  them,  but  also  the  people  generally,  and 
especially  by  a  large  number  of  members  of  the  last  legislature,  who 
expressed  their  regrets  at  the  failure  of  that  body  to  make,  in  ad- 
vance, the  necessary  appropriation.      It  was  further  commended  by 
the  several  officers  of  the  State  government,  as  being  a  desirable  so- 
lution of  a  difficulty  imperilling  the  pride  of  a  State  which  enjoyed 
a   most   enviable  reputation  for  the  part  heretofore   borne  by  it  in 


14  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

every  enterprise  looking  to  the  proper  presentation  and  enhancement 
of  its  interests  and  standing. 

The  opportunity,  it  was  on  all  sides  conceded,  was  presented 
whereby  Iowa  might  aid  in  promoting  patriotism  and  amity  between 
the  two  sections  of  the  country,  and  at  the  same  time  augment  gen- 
eral and  popular  knowledge.  By  participation  in  the  World's  Indus- 
trial and  Cotton  Centennial  Exposition  she  could  also  be  in  a  posi- 
tion to  aid  in  developing  desirable  commercial  relations  with  the 
countries  immediately  at  our  door  to  the  south,  and  to  which  the 
produce  of  her  fertile  acres  should  naturally  gravitate  over  the  great 
water  highways  to  the  Gulf.  The  creation  of  a  market  means  in- 
creased wealth  for  the  producer,  and  now  that  the  opportunity  was 
afforded,  her  neglect  to  avail  herself  would  not  only  have  been  a  re- 
proach upon  her  judgment,  but  would  have  resulted  in  her  being  a 
compulsory  witness  to  the  increased  trade  of  other  States,  to  the 
detriment  of  her  own. 

In  accordance  with  the  plan  agreed  upon,  an  organization  was  com- 
pleted to  carry  the  same  into  effect.  This  organization  was  known  as 
the  Iowa  Commission,  and  was  composed  as  follows:  President, Hon. 
B.  R.  Sherman,  Governor  of  Iowa;  Secretary,  Herbert  S.  Fairall,  U. 
S.  Commissioner,  and  John  S.  Ely,  Alternate  Commissioner  as  Treas- 
urer. Mr.  Ely  executed  to  the  Executive  Council  of  State  a  bond  in 
the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars  for  the  faithful  performance  of  his 
duties.  There  were  also  added  to  the  Commission  the  persons  to 
whom  had  been  confided  as  Superintendents,  the  several  departments 
of  the  State  display.  There  was  also  appointed  an  honorary  commis- 
sioner for  each  Congressional  District,  and  in  each  county  an  assist- 
ant commissioner,  whose  duties  consisted-  in  aiding  the  collection  of 
exhibits,  and  the  general  enhancement  of  the  affair.  A  full  list  of  the 
Oommission  is  given  herewith. 

PREPARING  THE  EXHIBIT. 

The  Commission  was  organized  in  the  latter  part  of  August, 
1884,  leaving  a  period  of  but  little  more  than  three  months  in  which 
to  select,  assemble  and  install  the  contemplated  display.  The  har- 
vests had  moreover  been  mostly  garnered.  Notwithstanding  this 
latter  fact,  and  the  shortness  of  the  available  time  for  preparation,  a 
most  magnificent  exhibit  was  gathered  together,  representing  in  at- 
tractive manner,  the  wonderful  agricultural  and  other  resources  of 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  1$ 

the  State.  It  was  the  intent  of  the  Commission  to  have  every  county 
appropriately  represented,  and  to  this  end  the  several  connty  com- 
missioners were  supplied  with  material,  such  as  bags,  glassware,  etc.,  in 
which  to  place  and  transport  their  collections.  The  various  divisions 
of  the  display,  embracing  agriculture,  horticulture,  dairy  products, 
mechanics  and  manufacturers,  live  stock,  flour  and  grain,  fish  and 
fisheries,  mineralogy  and  geology,  railroad  systems,  sanitary  appli- 
ances, woman's  work,  and  last  but  not  least,  education,  were  each  and 
all  represented  by  displays  which  conferred  distinguished  honors  upon 
the  State,  and  were  recognized  superior  in  character,  alike  by  the 
juries  of  awards  and  the  general  visitor.  No  higher  honor  was  nor 
could  be  conferred  upon  any  participant  in  the  grand  exhibition  at 
New  Orleans,  than  was  bestowed  upon  the  display  made  by  the  State 
of  Iowa. 

THE  EXHIBIT   PARTIALLY  DESTROYED. 

The  plans  of  the  Commission  received  a  severe  shock  on  December 
1,  1884,  by  a  railroad  wreck  occuring  to  the  display  then  en  route 
upon  the  B.,  C.  R.  &  N.  R'y.  By  this  unfortunate  accident  "a  large 
portion  of  the  exhibit  was  totally  destroyed,  and  much  damaged  be- 
yond use — grains,  seeds,  vegetables,  and  nearly  every  fragile  article 
were  ruined.  The  lateness  in  the  season  utterly  precluded  their  re- 
production. They  had  been  collected  with  especial  reference  to  this 
display,  and  were,  in  fact,  the  "cream  of  the  harvest."  But  two 
short  weeks  intervened  before  the  opening  day.  Yet,  notwithstanding 
these  great  difficulties,  the  Commission  again  went  to  work  in  the 
State,  gathered  the  best  products  available,  proceeded  with  their  instal- 
lation and  exhibited  upon  the  opening  day  a  display  that  was  second 
to  none. 

At  the  time  of  shipment  of  the  exhibits,  the  Commission  had 
agreed  upon  a  plan  of  installation.  The  railroad  accident  not  only 
frustrated  this  plan,  but  al*so  entailed  unforseen  expense  upon  the 
Commission.  As  soon  as  the  extent  of  the  injury  to  the  display  be- 
came known  throughout  the  State,  large  numbers  of  well-intending 
citizens  sent  to  New  Orleans  various  contributions  of  agricultural 
products,  etc.  Such  evidences  of  friendly  interest  was  very  encour- 
aging to  the  Commission;  but  unfortunately,  the  major  portion  of 
the  contributions  were  sent  by  express  "  C.  O.  D.,"  necessitating  a 
considerable  outlay  of  the  available  funds  of  the  Commission,  and 


IQ  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

the  same  time  but  very  few  of  such  contributions  were  fitted  for  dis- 
play as  specimen  exhibits.  These  contributions  could  not  be  declined 
without  offense,  and  it  was  deemed  best  to  receive  them,  as  far  as 
possible,  and  thus  retain  the  good  feeling  and  friendly  interest  in  the 
exhibit  manifested  by  the  people  at  home. 

INSTALLING  THE  DISPLAY. 

In  the  allotment  of  space  to  the  several  States  for  exhibition  pur- 
poses in  the  government  and  state  building,  the  State  of  Iowa  was 
awarded  10,1*75  square  feet.  Under  the  regulations  governing  the 
Exposition,  no  exhibit  was  allowed  to  be  made  in  this  building  for 
any  purpose  beyond  that  of  simple  display.  Articles  exposed  for 
competition  were  therefore  compelled  to  exhibit  elsewhere,  and  in 
consequence,  a  very  large  portion  of  Iowa's  exhibit  found  its  way  to 
the  Main  Building,  the  Machinery  and  Carriage  Annexes,  and  the 
Horticultural  Hall. 

It  was  the  purpose  of  the  Commission  to  secure  to  each  and  every 
exhibit  that  prominence  warranted  by  their  merit,  and  at  the  same 
time  retain  their  relationship  to  the  State.  To  this  end  the  exhibits 
of  working  machinery  in  the  Machinery  Annex,  those  of  wagons  and 
other  vehicles  in  the  Carriage  Annex,  and  of  agricultural  implements, 
farm  appliances,  dairy  products  and  appurtenances  in  the  Main  Build- 
ing were,  so  far  as  practicable,  grouped  together  as  Iowa  matters.  A 
large  amount  of  similar  exhibits,  not  entered  for  competition,  were 
displayed  in  the  Government  and  State  building.  The  plan  of  thus 
securing  an  intelligent  distinction,  as  between  different  classes  of  ex- 
hibits was  also  carried  out  in  the  general  display  made  upon  the  State 
space.  The  several  departments  of  agriculture,  flour  and  grain,  fish 
and  fisheries,  mineralogy  and  geology,  railroad  systems,  domestic 
manufactures,  sanitary  appliances,  education  and  womens'  work,  while 
assembled  as  a  whole,  were  each  systematically  arranged  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  their  respective  superintendents.  The  ed- 
ucational exhibit  was  made  in  the  gallery  space  40  by  42  feet,  imme- 
diately overlooking  the  State  exhibit  on  the  main  floor.  In  the  gal- 
lery, at  the  opposite  side  of  the  building,  and  fronting  the  state  ex- 
hibit, was  displayed  the  department  of  woman's  work.  These  two 
departments,  while  occupying  distinctive  spaces,  appropriately  iden- 
tified by  means  of  large  signs  as  Iowa  exhibits,  were  each  made  to- 
form  a  part  of  a  group  of  similar  displays  made  by  the  several  states 


REPORT  OP  COMMISSIONER.  jf 

and  territories.  Each  group  being  termed  by  the  general  manage- 
ment, respectively  the  "Department  of  Education,"  and  "Depart- 
ment of  Womans*  Work."  These  general  departments  were  each 
presided  over  by  an  officer  designated  by  the  Exposition  Manage- 
ment. 

It  was  the  earnest  desire  of  the  Commission  to  accord  to  Iowa  ex- 
hibitors such  position  upon  the  allotted  space,  as  would  enable  each 
to  make  the  best  possible  showing.  Especially  so  in  manufactures. 
The  high  position  accorded  the  State  by  the  tenth  census,  among 
manufacturing  States,  that  of  second  west  of  the  Mississippi  river, 
was  not  forgotten  in  the  installation  of  that  department.  This  was 
fortunately  aided  by  the  original  selection  of  the  State  space  which 
proved  to  be  one  of  the  most  eligible  in  the  building. 

In  the  display  of  the  State  exhibit,  the  space  upon  the  floor  was 
divided  as  follows:  Departments  of  agriculture,  manufacturing, 
grains  and  milling  products;  geology  and  mineralogy,  and  miscel- 
laneous. Dairy  products  and  appliances  were  well  exhibited  in  the 
appropriate  department  located  in  the  main  building.  The  horticul- 
tural display  was  made  in  the  horticultural  hall,  a  magnificent  struc- 
ture of  iron  and  glass,  especially  constructed  for  this  exhibit.  The 
location  of  the  exhibits  of  education  and  woman's  work  have  been 
heretofore  alluded  to. 

In  common  with  every  State  and  territory,  that  portion  of  the 
space  beneath  the  gallery  was  tastefully  but  economically  fitted  up  aa 
State  Headquarters,  comprising  two  general  reception  rooms  and 
the  private  office  of  the  Commissioner.  Papers  of  all  the  prominent 
newspapers  of  the  State  were  on  file  in  the  large  reception  room. 
The  headquarters  were  plainly  but  neatly  furnished,  and  were  at  all 
times  attended  by  the  Commissioner  or  his  representative,  and  a 
genuine  Iowa  welcome  was  extended  to  every  visitor.  Here  visitors 
found  a  comfortable  resting  place  where  the  surroundings  conferred  a 
satisfactory  feeling  of  State  pride, 

The  Commissioner's  private  office  was  elegantly  decorated,  the 
paper  being  donated  to  the  display  through  Mr.  R.  H.  Allin,  of  Iowa 
City  by  Robert  Hobbs  &  Co.,  the  well  known  wall  paper  manufac- 
turers, of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  to  whose  representative,  Mr.  Wm.  B. 
Burgess,  the  Commission  desires  to  extend  their  appreciative  thanks. 
A  very  convenient  acquisition  to  the  headquarter  outfit  was  a  postal 
cabinet,  the  invention  of  Mr.  L.  C.  Gray,  of  Fort  Dodge.  The  large 
amount  of  mail  matter  received  at  the  headquarters  for  Iowa  visitors., 


18  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

was  placed  in  this  cabinet,  which  afforded  a  most  convenient  and 
simple  method  of  arrangement,  attracting  many  commendations, 
from  its  numerous  patrons 

VISITORS   FBOM    IOWA. 

A  register,  arranged  to  show  the  name,  occupation,  home  residence, 
and  New  Orleans  address  of  visitors,  was  placed  in  a  convenient  po- 
sition. It  was  continually  consulted  as  the  means  of  ascertaining 
the  whereabouts  of  mutual  friends,  and  proved  a  most  valuable  ad- 
junct. An  examination  of  its  pages  show  that  over  fifteen  thousand 
persons  visited  the  Iowa  Exhibit. 

From  reports  made  by  the  various  United  States  Commissioners 
to  the  Board  of  Management  it  appears,  that  next  to  Louisiana,  the 
number  of  visitors,  in  proportion  to  population  was  greatest  from  the 
Hawk-eye  State. 


JBEPOBT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  19 


THE  IOWA  EXHIBIT, 


AGRICULTURAL  SECTION. 

Upon  the  request  of  the  Commission  made  to  the  State  Agricul- 
tural Society  to  select  a  suitable  person  to  arrange  and  preside  over 
this  department  of  the  display,  that  body  designated  Hon.  Frank  N. 
Chase,  of  Cedar  Falls,  to  whom  was  confided  this  important  trust. 
Mr.  Chase,  from  his  long  experience  at  the  head  of  a  similar  depart- 
ment of  the  State  Fair  Association,  was  especially  suited  for  the 
place. 

Owing  to  the  destruction  of  a  large  percentage  of  exhibits  by  the 
railway  accident  before  referred  to,  it  was  impossible  to  make  a  com- 
plete catalogue  of  agricultural  exhibits  provided  for  display.  The 
following  list  is  as  full  as  can  be  made  under  the  circumstances: 


20 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


CORN. 


KIND. 


FROM  WHOM. 


"P  ride  of  Iowa";  yellow,  shelled. 
"Pride  of  Iowa";  yellow,  in  ear. . 
"Johnson  White";  white,  in  ear. . 
"Johnson  White";  white,  shelled. 

Sweet 

Leming 

;  yellow 

Early  Dent;  yellow 

Leming;  yellow,  shelled 

Leming;  yellow,  ears 

Vermillya;  yellow,  ears 

Vermillya;  yellow,  shelled 

;  yellow 

Gold  Drop;  yellow 

Dent;  y ellow 

"Hundred  Days";  yellow 

;  yellow 

;  yellow 

;  yellow,  shelled 


Yankee. 
Yankee 

;  yellow 

;  yellow 

;  yellow 

;  yellow 

;  yellow 

Dent;  yellow,  three  varieties  — 

Duttons;  yellow 

Pennsylvania  Mammoth;  yellow 

Pride  of  the  North;  yellow 

Dent;  yellow 

Narragansett;  yellow 

Monmouth;  white 

Evergreen;  white 

Belgian;  speckled 

Bloody  Butcher 

Dent;  white,  three  varieties 

King  Philip;  white 

Lyon  County  Prolific;  white  — 

Common;  white 

Early;  white 

Red  and  Yellow  on  Stalks 

Common;  white 

Square;  white 

Johnson,  shelled  and  ear;  white  , 

Mammoth;  white 

Early;  white 

Early;  white 

Early;  white 

Common;  red 

Rice  Prolific,  2  varieties;  red  . . . 

Hundred  Day;  red 

Common;  red 

Mixed,  eleven  varieties 


.  S.  Johnson,  usceola. 
A.  S.  Johnson,  Osceola. 
A.  S.  Johnson,  Osceola. 
A.  S.  Johnson,  Osceola. 
Matt  Stokes,  Clark. 
Chas.  Johnson,  Perry. 
Jas.  Echels,  Buckingham. 
W.  G.  Malm,  Columbia. 
W.  G.  Malin,  Columbia. 
W  G.  Malin,  Columbia. 
K,.  Petheridge,  Tama. 
R.  Petheridge,  Tama. 
Dood  &  Meleck,  Spring  Creek. 

\.  H.  Hollan.  Tama. 
Wm.  Hart  sock,  Tama. 
E.  S.  Carpenter,  Tama. 
W.  R.  Sherly,  Hamburg. 

I.  Wright,  Hamburg. 

1.  S.  Parkhurst,  Hamburg. 
N.  Malvin,  Belmont. 
J.  Peck,  Belmont. 

W.  T.  Butts,  Belmont. 

P.  B.  Kauffman,  Belmont. 
S.  Adams,  Belmont. 
A.  Elder,  Belmont. 
A.  B.  Haviland,  Eagle  Grove. 
J.  K.  P  Thomspon,  Hock  Rapids, 

f.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county . 

0.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county . 

u.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 

3.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county . 

C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 

C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county 

J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

Wm.  R.  Sherley,  Hamburg. 

Wm.  R.  Sherley,  Hamburg. 

Wm.  R.  Sherley,  Hamburg. 

H.  Wright,  Hamburg. 

H.  Wright,  Hamburg. 

A.  S.  Johnson,  Osceola. 

W.  G.  Malin,  Columbia. 

W.  G.  Malin,  Columbia. 

Dood  £  Meleck,  Spring  Creek. 

Wm  Hartsock,  Tama. 

Dood  &  Meleck,  Spring  Creek. 

Ed.  Reichman,  Toledo. 

E.  S.  Carpentei,  Tama. 

I.  W.  Mapes,  Hamburg. 

C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county . 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 
CORN— CONTINUED. 


KIND. 


FROM  WHOM. 


Dent  (4  varieties)  white — 
Pop  corn,  shelled  and  ears. 
Pop  corn,  shelled  and  ears 

Pop  corn,  red,  shelled 

Pop  corn,  shelled 

Pop  corn,  white 

Sweet  corn,  ears 

Sweet  corn,  ears 

Calico,  striped 


J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

A.  Slosken,  Eagle  Grove. 

J .  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

R.  S.  Parkhurst,  Hauxburg. 

John  Shawner,  Osceola. 

C.  Danforth,  Hamburg. 

S.  Adams,  Belmont. 

VVm.  R.  Sherley,  Hamburg. 

H.  Wright,  Hamburg. 


WHEAT. 


Sea  Island 

Winter,  on  straw 

Doty 

Sea  Island 

Red  Russian , 

German  Emperor,  fall 

Sea  Island,  spring 

Doty,  spring 

Gold  Drop 

Winter 

Sea  Island 

Odessa 

Fife  (5  varieties) 

White  Russian 

Sea  Island 

Blue  Stem , 

Sea  Island 

Sea  Island 

No.  2 

Sea  Island  . . 


Andrew  .Law,  Perry. 

VVm  McTurk,  Crystal. 

Wm.  McTurk,  Crystal. 

Wm.  McTurk,  Crystal. 

W.  C.  Cory,  Columbia. 

C.  Hoyt,  Hamburg. 

C.  Hpyt,  Hamburg. 

F.  Gillman,  Hamburg. 

A.  Calkins,  Hamburg. 

C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 

C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 

C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 

J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

J.  K  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

Rosedale  Farm. 

T.  A.  Scott,  Eagle  Gr->ve. 

Hill  Bros.,  Clarion. 

W.  C.  Morton,  Clarion. 


OATS. 


White  Russian. . . 
White  Russian. . . 

Fox 

White  German. . . 
White  Russian . . 
White  Russian. . . 
White  Russian . . 
White  Russian . . 

Mixed 

Barley  oats 

Excelsior   

Mammoth  white. 
White  Hibernian 
Mammoth  white . 


G.  H.  Palmer,  Gaultsville. 

A.  Elder,  Belmont. 

S.  Adams,  Belmont. 

J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 

O.  S.  Wing,  Hamburg. 

M.  E.  Johnson,  Osceola. 

M.  E.  Johnson,  Osceola. 

A.  Ebey,  Clear  Creek. 

W.  G.  Malin,  Columbia. 

W.  G.  Malin,  Columbia. 

Robert  Patheridge,  Tama. 

Robert  Patheridge,  Tama. 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 
FLAX. 


KIND. 


FROM  WHOM. 


Russian  flax I  J.  K.  P.  Thompson. 

Russian  flax I  J.  K.  P.  Thompson. 

Russian  flax J.  K.  P.  Thompson. 

Flax  seed John  Muerhead,  Perry. 

Flax  seed M.  E.  Johnson,  Osceola. 

Flax  seed Hill  Bros.,  Clarion. 

Flax  seed John  Smith,  Belmont. 

TIMOTHY. 

Timothy  seed IE.  Lynch,  Belmont. 

Timothy  seed J.  Echels,  Buckingham. 

Timothy  seed M.  E.  Johnson,  Osceola. 

Timothy  seed C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county 

Timothy  seed J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

Red  top M.  E.  Johnson,  Osceola. 

Blue  joint  grass  seed J.  K.  P.  Thompson,  Rock  Rapids. 

BARLEY. 

Barley I  Dood  &  Meloch.  Spring  Creek. 

Barley IQ.  8.  Wing,  Hamburg. 

RYE. 

Winter  rye N.  H.  Kusick,  Belmont. 

Red  rye ; M.  E.  Johnson,  Osceola. 

White  rye R.  S.  Parkhurst,  Hamburg. 

White  rye C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county 

BEANS. 

Black W.  T.  Butts,  Belmond. 

Yellow. W.  T.  Butts,  Belmond. 

Marrowfat W.  T.  Butts,  Belmond. 

Boston  Yellow W  T.  Butts,  Belmond. 

Cranberry W.  T.  Butts,  Belmond. 

Fancy  Colored W.  T.  Butts,  Belmond. 

Red  Valentine C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county 

Soup C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 

Black  Wax C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county . 

Chinese  Red  Eye C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  count  v . 

Lima C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county 

Navy C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county . 

Soup , John  Shawner,  Osceola. 

Mixed John  Shawner,  Osceola. 

Prolific  White R.  Petheridge,  Tama. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 
*APPLES. 


KIND. 


FROM    \VHOM. 


Jonathan 

Rolands 

Winesap 

Yellow  RussetJ. 
Grimes'  Gold... 
Willow  Twig . . . 

Ben  Davis 

Winter  Pippins. 
Ten  varieties . . . 


W.  G.  Mulms,  Tama. 

W.  G.  Mulins,  Tama. 

W.  G.  Mulins,  Tama. 

W.  G.  Mulins,  Tama. 

W.  G.  Mulins,  Tama. 

W.  G.  Mulins,  Tama 

A.  S.  Johnson,  Osceola. 

A.  S.  Johnson,  Osceola. 

C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county 


»  This  display  independent  of  exhibit  in  Horticultural  Hall. 


CANE  PRODUCTS. 


Amber  sugar  cane 

Cane  sirup 

Cane  sugar 


John  Stuart,  Perry. 
John  Stuart,  Perry. 
John  Stuart,  Perry. 


I  ..i  i 

Cane  seed John  Stuart,  Perry 

Cane  molasses  — I  John  Stuart,  Perry 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Broom-corn,  seed  and  stalks 

Peppercorns 

Parsnips 

Carrots 

Beets 

Silver  onions 

Pale  red  onions 

Wethersfield  onions 

Egg  plant 

Peas 

Cane  seed 

Hickory  nuts 

Red  oak  acorns 

Sweet  pumpkin  seed 

Hubbard  squash  seed 

Castor  beans  seed 

Beet  seed 

Carrot  seed 

Parsnip  seed 

Turnip  seed 

Tomato  seed 

Lettuce  seed 

Radish  seed 

Celery  seed 

Cucumber  seed 


J.  Hoskins,  Hamburg. 
Wm.  Calkins.  Hamburg. 
F.  Jeckel,  Hamburg. 
P.  Jeckel,  Hamburg. 

F,  Jeckel,  Hamburg. 
H.  Wright,  Hamburg. 
H.  Wright,  Hamburg. 
W.  R.  Calkins,  Hamburg. 
W.  R.  Sherley,  Hamburg. 

C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county . 
0.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county . 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county . 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 

G.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
C.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 

.  A.  Sterling,  Washington  county. 
.  A.  Sterling.  Washington  county 


24 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION, 
POTATOES. 


KIND. 

FROM  WHOM. 

W.  G.  Malm,  Columbia. 

Belle               

W.  G.  Malin,  Columbia. 

W.  G.  Malin,  Columbia. 

W.  G.  Malin,  Columbia. 

R.  Petheridge,  Tama. 

R.  Petheridge,  Tama. 

Joseph  Sesson,  Tama. 

White  Peachblow                

Joseph  Sesson  Tama. 

White  Elephant.        

Joseph  Sesson,  Tama. 

Peerless  

Joseph  Sesson,  Tama. 

Mammoth  Peerless  

James  Burg,  Tama. 

P.  Lichly,  Toledo. 

Ohio  Grand  

P.  Lichly,  Toledo. 

White  Neshanock  

P.  Lichly,  Toledo. 

Variety  of  Sweets  

T.  J.  Bently,  Hamburg. 

Snow  Flake         .            •               ... 

John  Shawner,  Osceola. 

Iowa  Blues  

John  Shawner,  Osceola. 

Iowa  Mammoth        

M.  E.  Johnson,  Osceola. 

Forty  five  varieties                .      ... 

S.  T.  Rasseau  Hamburg 

Peerless  

J.  T.  Drain,  Hamburg. 

Early  Ohio    

J.  T.  Drain,  Hamburg. 

Alma  

J.  T.  Drain,  Hamburg. 

Big  Mary  Ann  

Gus  Wollace,  Hamburg. 

Sunbeam   

Kosedale  Farm  Wright  county 

Victor  

Uosedale  Farm,  Wright  county. 

Murphy's  own  

Rosedale  Farm,  Wright  county. 

Early  Rose          

Early  Summer  

Beauty  of  Hebron  

White  Star  

Rochester  Market  

Dakota  Red  

Champlain  

Champion  

Pride  of  the  Field  

Conklin's  Surprise  

Contributed  by  citizens  of  Lyon 

ConkUn's  Prolific  

county    through    lion     J     K.    P. 

Magnum  Bonum  

'I'hompson  Rock  Rapids 

Pride  of  Cambi  idge  

Burbank  

Chicago  Market  

i 

Boston  Market  

White  Elephant  

2STo  name,  4  varieties  

Winnie,  one  

Winnie,  No.  2  

Early  Gem  

Early  Albany  

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 
VEGETABLES,  ETC. 


25 


KIND. 


Mammoth  squash,  185  pounds. 

Mammoth  beet,  27  pounds 

Giant  squash 

Field  peas 

Citrons 

Silver  Gloss  buckwheat 

Millet  seed 

Section  of  soil 


FROM  WHOM. 


Contributed  by  citizens  of  Lyon 
county,  through  Hon.  J.  K.  P. 
Ihomp  son,  Rock  Rapids. 


26  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

The  foregoing  list  of  exhibits,  while  specifying  the  articles  dis- 
played, cannot  convey  any  idea  of  the  manner  of  their  presentation 
to  the  gaze  of  the  visitor. 

A  large  quantity  of  grains  were  exhibited  on  the  stalk,  and  in  com- 
mon with  the  various  grasses  of  the  State  were  arranged  in  tasty  and 
artistic  designs.  Most  of  the  grains,  in  seed,  were  shown  in  orna- 
mental glass  jars;  and  neat  and  attractive  decorations  were  employed 
whenever  practicable,  in  enhancing  the  attractiveness  of  the  general 
display.  The  character  of  the  soil  of  Iowa  was  intelligently  shown 
by  four  glass  tubes  or  cylinders,  one  foot  in  diameter  and  eight  feet 
in  height,  containing  vertical  sections  of  earth,  taken  from  different 
sections  of  the  State.  This  actual  representation  of  Iowa  soil  was  a 
most  noticeable  feature,  and  received  universal  attention  and  com- 
mendation. A  large  octagonal  pyramid  of  glass  was  used  in  the 
display  of  grains,  and  the  glory  of  Iowa  cprn  was  exhibited  in  the 
presence  of  a  "Corn  House,"  twenty  feet  in  height,  constructed 
largely  of  corn  in  the  stalk  and  ear. 

No  premiums  were  awarded  exhibits  of  any  kind  displayed  in  the 
Government  and  States  Building — articles  being  allowed  therein  for 
"display  only,"  and  not  for  competition.  The  Iowa  exhibits  dis- 
played elsewhere  were  liberally  accorded  high  recognition  in  the 
shape  of  medals,  diplomas  and  other  premiums. 

A  list  of  such  awards  will  be  found  in  another  part  of  this  report* 

EDUCATIONAL. 

The  Educational  exhibit  was  one  of  the  most  complete  and  attract- 
ive features  of  the  Exposition.  The  Department  of  Education 
occupied  the  greater  portion  of  the  immense  gallery  of  the  Govern- 
ment and  States  Building,  and  comprised  the  display  of  foreign 
educational  systems  and  institutions;  that  of  the  United  States 
Government  and  those  of  the  several  States  and  Territories,  supple- 
mented in  many  instances  with  exhibits  of  private  academies  and 
schools.  Each  and  all  of  these  were  very  full  and  complete.  It  was, 
therefore,  extremely  desirable  that  the  best  possible  aid  obtainable 
should  be  enlisted  in  preparing  and  installing  the  State*  exhibit  in 
this  department,  and  to  such  end  the  Commissioner  requested  the 
Department  of  Public  Instruction  to  extend  its  supervision  over  the 
work  of  showing  the  educational  status  of  Iowa.  The  task  was 
assumed  by  Hon.  J.  W.  Akers,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  27 

who  at  once  entered  upon   the  discharge  of  his  important  and  labo- 
rious duties.     Superintendent  Akers  says  in  his  report: 

"  The  material  used  at  the  Madison  exhibit  was  re-collected  so  far  as  pos- 
sible (it  having  been  returned  to  the  schools  which  contributed  it).  The 
work  was  very  generally  rebound,  and  the  Kindergarten  work  framed  and 
covered  with  glass,  so  far  as  this  was  necessary  and  possible  from  its  nature. 
The  College  for  the  Blind  at  Vinton  and  the  School  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb- 
at  Council  Bluffs  contributed  very  fine  displays  of  their  work,  and  the  con- 
tributions of  many  counties,  cities  and  towns  not  represented  at  Madison, 
swelled  the  New  Orleans  exhibit  beyond  our  hope  or  expectation  when 
entering  upon  it. 

"  A  space  of  40  x  42  feet  in  the  main  gallery,  directly  over  the  space  assigned 
to  the  Iowa  Commissioner  on  the  floor  of  the  Government  building  was  as- 
signed to  the  Iowa  educational  exhibit.  By  suitable  partitions  and  decora- 
tions our  space  was  made  \ery  attractive,  and  was  commonly  called  the 
'parlor  of  the  gallery.'  Joining  our  space  on  the  west  was  the  exhibit  of 
education  of  the  State  of  Minnesota.  When  it  is  known  that  this  exhibit 
was  probably  the  most  beautiful  and  attractive  exhibit  of  education  ever 
made  by  any  State,  it  will  not  seem  surprising  that  Iowa  was  put  upon  her 
mettle,  and  taxed  to  her  utmost,  in  order  to  make  a  comparatively  favorable 
showing.  Our  exhibit  certainly  received  a  fair  share  of  attention  from  the 
visitors  and  teachers  of  all  States,  and  many  gratifying  commendations, 
from  visitors  from  foreign  countries. 

"The  Department  issued  a  circular  of  information,  setting  forth  the 
organization  and  practical  operation  of  our  school  system,  and  containing  a 
lithograph  school-house  map  of  our  State.  This  map  excited  great  inter- 
est, and  it  is  believed  accomplished  much  for  the  credit  of  our  State  which 
could  not  otherwise  have  been  expressed.  It  shows  at  a  glance  what  Iowa 
has  done  in  the  interest  of  the  education  of  her  children  and  youth.  Every 
dot  stands  for  a  school-house,  and  there  is  a  school-house  in  the  State  for 
every  dot  on  this  map.  The  Department  spent  considerable  time  to  arrive 
at  accuracy  in  this  matter.  County  maps  were  sent  to  the  county  superin- 
tendents respectively,  with  instructions  to  indicate  with  red  ink  the  quarter 
section  upon  which  each  school-house  in  their  individual  county  stood. 
These  dots  were  transferred  to  a  large  map,  9x  12  feet,  the  work  being  done 
in  this  office,  and  great  care  taken  to  place  the  dots  accurately  and  correctly. 
It  is  safe  to  say  that  there  are  to-dav  more  school-houses  in  the  State  than 
the  map  represents,  as  the  data  for  it  was  obtained  two  years  ago. 

"  I  desire  here  to  acknowledge  my  great  obligations  to  Prof.  T.  H.  Mc- 
Bride,  of  the  State  University,  at  Iowa  City,  for  his  able  and  efficient  assist- 
ance, without  which  the  educational  exhibit  at  New  Orleans  could  not  have 
been  made  what  it  was.  The  arrangement  of  the  material  for  the  exhibit 
was  very  largely  his  work." 

The  exhibit  was  at  all  times  attended  by  a  representative  of  the 
department,  Prof.  T.  H.  McBride  being  in  charge  until  February  1, 


28  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

1885,  at  which  date  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Frank  M.  Leonard,  of 
Iowa  City,  a  graduate  of  the  State  University.  To  the  urbanity,  in- 
telligence and  faithful  labors  of  these  two  gentlemen,  the  Commis- 
sion are  largely  indebted  in  sustaining  the  high  character  of  the 
magnificent  exhibit  installed  by  Supt.  Akers. 

EXHIBITORS. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  exhibitors  contributing  to  the  Iowa  Edu- 
cational Exhibit  at  the  World's  Exposition,  New  Orleans,  with  a  brief 
list  of  the  articles  contributed  by  each  exhibitor: 

ACKLEY  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  grammar  and  history,  from  the  seventh  grade. 
Physiological  drawings,  from  the  seventh  grade. 
Drawings  illustrating  problems  in  physics. 
Map  drawings. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

ALBIA  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work,  from  various  grades. 
Penmanship— copy-books  bound  in  volumes. 

Map  drawings. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

ATLANTIC  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic  and  history,  from  the  eighth  grade. 
Manuscript  work  in  language,  from  the  sixth  grade. 
Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  from  the  fourth  and  seventh  grades. 
Map  drawing,  from  the  sixth  grade. 

BANES,  J.  DE,  DUBUQUE. 

Display  card  of  photograph  work. 

BALLING  ALL,  P.  G.,  OTTUMWA. 

Silk  banner  with  Iowa  coat  of  arms. 

BELLE  PLAINE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  of  all  grades  from  first  to  eleventh. 

Drawings,  from  the  seventh  and  eighth  grades. 

Map  drawings,  from  the  same  grades. 

Worsted  maps  of  Iowa. 

Mat  weaving,  from  first  grade. 

Box  of  clay  models. 


EEPOBT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  291 

BLACKBURN,  MISS  8.,  VINTON. 

Teachers'  examination  questions. 
Teachers'  examination  manuscripts. 

Circulars  showing  the  work  of  county  normal  institutes  during  a  period 
of  ten  years. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

BURLINGTON  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  language,  grammar,  history,  geography 
and  music,  from  all  grades. 

Penmanship  from  all  grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  algebra,  geometry,  trigonometry,  Latin,  German, 
natural  science,  book-keeping,  etc.,  from  the  high  school. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

CASS  COUNTY  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Drawings,  from  the  country  schools. 

Map  drawings,  from  the  graded  schools  of  Marne. 

Map  drawings,  from  the  country  schools. 

(All  the  work  In  portfolio.) 

CEDAR  RAPIDS  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic  and  language,  from  the  first,  second  and4 
third  grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  geography  and  grammar,  from  the  fourth, 
fifth  and  sixth  grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  grammar  and  history,  from  the  seventh 
grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  political  economy,  English  literature,  algebra,  botany 
and  physics,  from  the  high  school. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

CHARLES  CITY  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  from  all  grades  from  third  to  eighth  in- 
clusive. 

Penmanship,  from  grades  third  to  eighth  inclusive. 

Manuscript  work  in  geography  and  language,  from  grades  four  to  eight 
inclusive. 

Manuscript  work  in  history,  from  the  eighth  grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  physical  geography,  algebra  and  word  analysis,  from, 
tSae  ninth  grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  physics  and  word  analysis,  from  the  tenth  grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  physiology  and  geometry,  from  the  eleventh  grade. 


30  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

Manuscript  work  in  political  economy,  Latin  and  English  literature,  from 
the  twelfth  grade. 

Slate  work  drawings  and  pencil  work,  from  the  primary  grades. 
Map  drawings  from  the  fifth  and  sixth  grades. 

CLINTON  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work,  from  the  first  and  third  grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  language  and  arithmetic,  from  the  fourth  and  fifth 
grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic  and  geography,  from  the  sixth  and  seventh 
grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  grammar  and  history,  from  the  eighth 
grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  English  literature,  geometry,  algebra,  physiology, 
modern  history,  German  and  Latin,  from  the  high  school. 

Charts  of  kindergarten  work,  from  the  primary  grades. 

Boxes  of  kindergarten  material. 

Drawings,  from  the  primary  grades. 

Literary  blanks  filled  by  pupils. 

(Manuscript  work  all  bound.) 

COLUMBUS  JUNCTION. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  grammar,  geography,  history,  physiology 
and  algebra,  from  the  grammar  grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  grammar  and  geography,  from  the  intermediate 
grades. 

Map  drawing,  from  the  intermediate  grades. 

CORNELL  COLLEGE. 

Framed  cut  of  the  buildings  and  grounds. 
Photographs  of  president  and  professors. 
Manuscript  sketch  of  the  institution. 

CRESTON  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  language  and  arithmetic,  from  the  first  and  second 
grades. 
Manuscript  work  in  language  and  arithmetic,  from  the  third,  fourth,  fifth 

sixth  grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  history,  from  the  seventh  and  eighth  grades. 
Drawings,  from  the  fourth  grade. 

Map  drawings,  from  the  fifth,  seventh  and  eighth  grades. 
Manuscript  work  in  civil  government  and  geometry,  from  the  high  school. 
Charts  •*  outlines  of  grammar,"  from  the  high  school. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  31 

DAVENPORT  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  language,  arithmetic  and  geography,  from  the  third 
to  seventh  grades  inclusive. 

Manuscript  work  in  language,  arithmetic,  geography  and  history,  from 
the  eighth  and  ninth  grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  zoology,  geometry  and  botany,  from  the  high  school. 

Manuscript  work  in  German,  from  several  grades  and  from  the  high 
school. 

Manuscript  work,  from  the  city  training  school. 

Miscellaneous  manuscript  work. 

Drawings,  from  grades  fourth  to  ninth  inclusive  and  from  the  high  school. 

:  States,  from  primary  grades. 

Teachers'  charts  for  instruction  in  primary  grades. 

Color  charts  for  instruction  in  primary  grades. 

Box  of  colors  corresponding  to  the  item  last  mentioned. 

Charts  for  instruction  in  music. 

Charts  for  elementary  work  in  numbers. 

Programme  of  daily  exercises. 

(All  manuscript  work  bound.) 
DBS  MOINES    PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  language,  arithmetic  and  geography,  from  the  pri- 
mary and  grammar  grades. 

Inventions  in  paper  cutting  and  paper  folding  from  the  primary  grades. 
Original  designs  In  paper  cutting  from  the  fifth  grade. 
Manuscript  work  in  history  from  the  eighth  grade. 
Herbaria  from  the  high  school. 
Map  drawing  from  the  seventh  and  eighth  grades. 
Slates  from  the  primary  grades. 

Charts  for  primary  instruction  from  the  training  school, 
Worsted  maps  of  Iowa  from  the  primary  grades. 
Worsted  maps  of  Polk  county  from  primary  grades. 
Clay  relief  maps  of  Iowa  from  primary  grades. 
(All  manuscript  work  bound.) 

DUBUQUE. 

Chart  of  ornamental  petimanship  from  Baylies'  Commercial  College. 

BLDOKA  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  works  in  language  and  arithmetic  from  the  grammar  grades. 
Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  history  and  geography,  from  the  high 
school. 

Book-keeping  from  the  high  school. 

Manuscript  work  in  commercial  arithmetic  from  various  grades. 
Drawings  illustrating  physiology  from  the  high  school. 


32  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

FORT  MADISON  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Penmanship  from  grades  third  to  eighth,  inclusive. 

Primary  drawings. 

Map  drawings  from grade. 

GRAND  JUNCTION  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Penmanship  from  the  primary  grades. 
Manuscript  work  in  grammar  from  the  grammar  grades. 
Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  ancient  history,  physical  geography  and 
United  States  history,  from  the  high  school. 
Drawings  from  the  grammar  grades  and  from  the  high  school. 

HACKNEY,  W.  F. 

Plans  and  elevation  for  a  five-room  school  house. 

HARDIN  COUNTY  POBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  language,  arithmetic  and  history,  from  the  country 
schools. 

Drawings  from  the  country  schools. 
Map  drawings  from  the  country  schools. 

HUISCAMP,  j.  c. 
An  oil-painting— fruit-piece. 

IOWA  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE. 

Herbaria  from  the  Sophomore  class  of  1884. 

IOWA  AUTHORS. 

The  following  authors  have  contributed  to  this  exhibit: 
Allen,  Jerome.  Marvin  and  Morisey. 

Benton,  T.  H.  McBride,  T.  H. 
Bessey,  C.  E.  McClain,  Emlin. 

Burke,  Finley.  McClain,  William. 

Crosby,  W.  E.  McCreary,  J.*  L. 

Currier,  A.  N.  Ross,  J.  N . 

Fisher,  W.  R.  gaiter,  William. 

Friesner,  W.  N.  Stevens,  A.  J. 

Gurney,  C.  H.  Sudlow,  P.  W. 

.Harris,  J.  B.  .Tillinghast,  B.  F. 

Hornberg,  J.  D.  "  Wedgwood,  G. 
Hull,  W.  N.  White,  C.  A. 

Jackson,  J.  H.  Wright,  D.  8. 

Magoun,  George  F. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  3$ 

IOWA  COLLEGE  FOB   THE  BLIND. 

Manuscript  work  in  geometry. 

Two  volumes  "  raised  letter." 

Numerous  samples  of  bead  work. 

Two  brooms. 

One  hair  mattress. 

One  husk  mat. 

One  piece  of  rag  carpet. 

Numerous  pieces  of  fancy  knitted  work. 

One  cane  chair  bottom. 

Samples  of  thread  lace. 

One  doll  and  hammock. 

Maps  (cloth)  of  Iowa  and  Louisiana. 

IOWA  FALLS  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  geometry  and  physiology  from  the  high  school. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

IOWA  INSTITUTION  FOK  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB. 

Two  crayon  portraits  enlarged  from  photographs. 
Four  crayon  art  pieces. 
One  pen  and  ink  sketch. 
Eleven  pairs  of  boots  and  shoes. 
One  walnut  office  desk. 

IOWA  STATE  NOKMAL  SCHOOL. 

Manuscript  work  in  English  literature,  geometry,  English  analysis,  alge- 
bra, arithmetic  and  penmanship. 
Theses  of  the  graduating  classes,  1878-83. 
Notes  of  lectures  on  didactics. 
Notes  of  work  in  botany. 
Notes  of  laboratory  work  in  physics. 
Set  of  drawing  books. 
Herbaria. 

Set  of  relief  maps,  made  in  putty. 
Charts  of  physiological  drawings. 
Charts  for  primary  teaching. 
Charts  of  drawings  from  various  grades. 

(All  manuscript  work  bound.) 

GREENE  COUNTY  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  from  the  country  schools  of  Bristol  township. 
Manuscript  work  fiom  the  country  schools  of  Cedar  township. 
Map  drawings  from  the  country  schools  of  Cedar  township. 


34 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


Miscellaneous  work  in  manuscript  from  the  country  schools  of  Franklin 
township. 

Map  drawings  from  the  country  schools  of  Franklin  township. 
Manuscript  work  from  the  country  schools  of  Grant  township. 
Map  drawings  from  the  country  schools  of  Grant  township. 
Manuscript  work  from  Hardin  township  country  schools. 
Manuscript  work  from  Highland  township  country  schools. 
Manuscript  work  from  Junction  township  country  schools. 
Manuscript  work  from  Paton  township  country  schools. 
Manuscript  work  from  Washingtown  township  country  schools. 

JEFFERSON  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  from  all  grades  and  from  the  high  school. 
Drawing  illustrating  problems  in  physics  from  the  high  school. 
Map  drawings  from  the  grammar  grades  and  the  high  school. 

JESUP  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  history. 
Map  drawing. 

KINGSLEY  PUBLIC   SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  In  reading,  arithmetic,  geography,  history  and  civil  gov- 
ernment. 

(All  work  bound.) 

KOSSUTH  COUNTY  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Map  drawings. 

LE  CLAIRE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  language,  etc.,  from  the  fifth  and  sixth  grades. 
(All  the  work  bound.) 

LE  MARS  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Primary  work  in  arithmetic  and  penmanship. 

Manuscript  work  in  language  and  arithmetic,  from  grades  second  to 
fourth  inclusive. 

Manuscript  work  in  geography  from  the  seventh  grade. 
Manuscript  work  in  German  and  political  economy  from  the  high  school. 
(All  the  work  bound.) 

LEWIS  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  geography  and  history  from  the  eighth  and  ninth 


LYONS  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  botany  and  rhetoric  from  the  high  school. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  35 

MARBLE  ROCK  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic  and  language  from  the  second,  third  and 
eighth  grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  geography  from  the  fourth  grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  grammar  and  algebra  from  the  fifth  grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  history,  English  grammar  and  arithmetic  from  the 
seventh  grade. 

Map  drawings  from  the  grammar  grades. 

MARENGO  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  language  and  arithmetic  from  grades  fifth,  sixth  and 
seventh. 

Manuscript  work  in  history  from  the  eighth  grade. 
Manuscript  work  in  rhetoric,  botany,  Latin  and  German,  from  the  high 

school  grades. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

i 
MARSHALL  COUNTY  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  geography,  arithmetic,  language,  physiology  and  his- 
tory, from  district  No.  1,  Timber  Creek  township. 
Drawings  from  the  same  school. 
Map  drawings  from  the  same  school. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

MARSHALLTOWN  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  language,  from  grades  second  to  seventh,  inclusive. 
(All  the  work  bound.) 

MCGREGOR  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  geography  and  history  from  the  grammar 
grades. 

Report  of  the  public  schools  for  the  term  ending  December  21, 1883. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

MONROE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic  and  language,  from  the  first  and  second 
grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  geometry  and  English  literature,  from  the  high 
school. 

NORA  SPRINGS  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  language  and  arithmetic  from  the  sixth  grade. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

MORRIS,  H.  W. 

Herbaria,  representing  the  Iowa  flora. 


36  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

OTTUMWA  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic  and  language,  from  the  first  and  second 
grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  music  and  language,  from  the  third  and  fourth  grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  music,  arithmetic,  history  and  language,  from  the 
fifth  grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  music,  language  and  geography,  from  the  sixth  grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  aiithmetic,  geography  and  language,  from  the  seventh 
grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic  and  language,  from  the  eighth  grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  history,  English  literature,  latin,  geometry,  physics 
and  botany,  from  the  High  School. 

Drawing,  from  all  grades  above  the  second. 

(All  the  work  bound.) 

PLACK,  W.  L. 

Architectural  designs  for  school- houses  (three). 

POCAHONTAS  COUNTY  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  from  the  primary  and  grammar  grades. 
Map  drawings  from  the  primary  and  grammar  grades. 

ROCKFORD  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic  from  the  first,  second,  third  and  fourth 
grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  physical  geography  and  arithmetic  from  the  fifth 
grades. 

Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  physiology,  history  and  language  from 
grades  seventh,  eighth,  ninth  and  tenth. 

8ANBORN,  W.  W. 

Architectural  designs  for  school-houses  (five). 

SPIRIT  LAKE. 

Manuscript  work  and  map-drawing. 

SPRINGFIELD. 

Manuscript  work  from  various  grades. 
Bound  volume  of  map-drawings. 

SPRINQVILLE. 

Drawings  from  the  grammar  school. 
Map-drawings  from  the  grammar  grades. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  37 

STATE  DEPARTMENT. 

Four  glass  charts,  displaying— 

1.  Organization  and  growth  of  County  Normal  Institutes  for  a  period  of 
ten  years. 

2.  A  graphic  representation  of  the  relation  of  the  school  population  to 
the  entire  population;  school  population  to  enrollment;  enrollment  to  aver- 
age attendance;  daily  attendance  to  daily  absence. 

8.    The  school  statistics  of  the  State  from  1848  to  1883. 

4.    The  organization  of  the  Iowa  school  system. 

Six  linen  charts,  illustrating  graphically  the  increase  in  the  number  of 
teachers  employed;  in  school  population;  in  number  of  schools;  in  perma- 
nent school  fund;  in  valuation  of  school  property;  in  total  annual  expendi- 
tures for  school  purposes. 

Blank  teachers'  certificates  of  four  grades. 

Blank  high  school  diploma. 

Blank  State  certificate. 

Sample  lithographs  from  Des  Moines. 

Photographs  of  public  school-buildings  and  colleges  throughout  the  State. 

A  bound  set  of  Iowa  school  reports. 

A  bound  set  of  Iowa  school  laws  and  decisions. 

The  report  of  the  census  of  Iowa  from  1835-80. 

Bound  volumes  of  various  school  journals. 

Bound  volumes  of  miscellaneous  State  documents. 

One  volume  of  blanks  for  reports  of  district  secretaries. 

One  volume  of  blanks  for  reports  of  county  superintendents. 

One  volume  of  blanks  for  reports  of  district  treasurers. 

A  school-house  map  of  the  State  showing  number  and  distribution  of 
school-houses. 

STATE  UNIVERSITY  OF  IOWA. 

One  illustrative  paleontological  cabinet. 

Laboratory  note-books  in  biology,  botany,  conchology  and  paleontology. 

Theses  in  zoology  and  civil  engineering. 

Five  photographs  of  drawings,  illustrations  for  a  work  on  paleontology. 

Sets  of  drawings  illustrating  three  terms'  work  in  instrumental  drawing. 

Drawings  illustrating  first  and  second  terms'  works  in  free  hand-drawing. 

A  set  of  topographical  maps. 

Drawings  in  India  ink  and  water  colors. 

Box  of  mounted  microscopic  slides. 

STEAMBOAT  ROCK. 

Charts  of  kindergarten  work. 

Charts  of  primary  work. 

Charts  of  physiological  drawings. 

Charts  of  various  work  from  the  grammar  grades. 

Map  drawings. 


8g  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

STITCH,  JOHN  M.— CLINTON. 

A  set  of  crayon  sketches  and  drawings. 

TAMA  COUNTY  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  language  from  the  ungraded  schools  of  Oneida  town- 
ship. 

Manuscript  work  in  language  from  Gladbrook  graded  schools  and  high 
school. 

Drawings  from  the  country  schools  of  Columbia  township. 

Map  drawings  from  Howard,  Carroll,  Lincoln,  Crystal,  Highland,  York 
and  Columbia  townships. 

Worsted  map  of  Tama  county  and  of  the  State. 

UNION   PUBLIC   SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  language  from  the  intermediate  grades. 
Manuscript  work  in  arithmetic,  language,  physiology  and  history  from  the 
grammar  grades. 
Drawings  from  the  grammar  grades. 

WATERLOO  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS— EAST  SIDE. 

Photographs  of  free-hand  drawings. 
Photographs  of  school  buildings. 
Programme  of  daily  exercises. 
Floor  plans  of  school  buildings. 
Map  drawings. 

WATERLOO  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS — WEST  SIDE. 

Penmanship  from  the  fourth  grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  grammar  and  arithmetic  from  the  seventh  grade. 
Manuscript  work  in  history  from  the  eighth  grade. 

Manuscript  work  in  algebra,  history,  geometry,  analysis  and  physical  geo- 
graphy from  the  high  school. 
Map  drawings  from  the  primary  grades. 

WEST  LIBERTY  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Manuscript  work  in  grammar,  arithmetic,  composition  and  physiology 

from grades. 

Dissected  maps  illustrating  anatomy. 
Map  drawing. 

WITTER,  F.  M. 

A  collection  of  the  land  and  fresh  water  mollusks  of  Iowa. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  39 


HONORS  AND  AWARDS. 


DIPL    MA  OF  HONOR. 

State  of  Iowa— Collective  educational  exhibits. 

Iowa  State  University,  Iowa  City— Theses,  laboratory,  note-books,  draw- 
ings, cabinet  of  paleontology. 

DIPLOMAS. 

Frank  Bond,  Iowa  City — Theses  on  blue  jay. 

Burlington  Public  Schools— Class  work  from  graded  and  high  schools. 

Charles  City  Public  Schools— School  work,  etc. 

Clinton  Public  Schools — Pupils'  work,  kindergarten  charts,  etc. 

Davenport  Public  Schools — Manuscript  work,  teaching  charts,  drawing. 

Des  Moines  Public  High  Schools— Manuscript  work,  clay  and  worsted 
maps,  herbaria. 

Eldora  Public  Schools— Drawings  and  class  work. 

Hardin  County  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work,  map  drawing,  etc. 

Iowa  College  for  the  Blind,  Vinton— Papers  in  geometry,  bead  work, 
brooms,  etc. 

DIPLOMA. 

Iowa  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Council  Bluffs— Shoes,  desk, 
art  work,  etc. 

Iowa  State  Normal  School,  Cedar  Falls — Theses,  examination  papers, 
note-books,  herbaria,  charts,  etc. 

Ottumwa  Public  Schools—Pupils'  work. 

CERTIFICATE    OF  MERIT. 

Ackley  Public  Schools— Language,  drawing  and  maps. 

Atlantic  Public  Schools — Pupils'  work. 

Belle  Plaine  Public  Schools— Maps,  drawings  and  language. 

Miss  S.  Blackburn,  Vinton— Teachers'  examination  questions,  reviews. 

Cedar  Rapids  Public  Schools — Pupils'  work. 

Hattie  Cochrane,  Iowa  City— Theses  on  leaves,  illustrated. 

Columbus  Junction  Schools — fupils'  work. 

Creston  Public  Schools— Manuscript  work  and  charts. 

Grand  Junction  Public  Schools — Pupils'  work. 


40  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

CERTIFICATE  OF  MERIT. 

Greene  County  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

Iowa  Agricultural  College,  Ames— Herbaria. 

Iowa  Falls  High  School— Geometry  and  physiology. 

Jefferson  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

Le  Mars  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

Marble  Rock  Public  Schools— Maps  and  class  work. 

Marengo  Public  Schools— Class  woik. 

Monroe  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

Polk  County  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

Rockford  Public  Schools— Class  work. 

Shenandoah  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

Sidney  Public  Schools— Class  work. 

Shimek,  Bohnmil,  Iowa  City— Theses  on  fresh-water  mollusks. 

Sioux'City  Public  Schools— Maps,  drawings  and  class  work. 

Tama  County  Public  Schools— School  work. 

Webster  County  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

HONORABLE  MENTION. 

Albia  Public  Schools— Manuscript,  pupiJs'  work. 

Cass  County  Pnblic  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

Marble  Rock  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

Marshall  .County  Public  Schools— Class  work. 

Marshalltown  Public  Schools— Manuscript  work  in  language. 

McGregor  Public  Schools— Class  work. 

Nora  Springs  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

W.  H.  Norris— Herbaria  of  Iowa  flora. 

Pocahontas  Public  Schools — Class  work,  maps,  etc. 

Scranton  Public  Schools— Manuscript,  class  work,  all  grades. 

Searsborough  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 

Sheldon  Public  Schools— Class  work  in  arithmetic,  geography,  etc. 

Steamboat  Rock  Public  Schools— Kindergarten,  maps,  etc. 

Union  Public  Schools— Class  work. 

"West  Liberty  Public  Schools— Pupils'  work. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSION EK. 


PROF.  Me  BRIDE'S  CONCLUSIONS. 


The  preceding  list,  affording  in  almost  every  case  only  the  briefest 
description  possible,  can  give  the  reader  no  adequate  conception  of 
Iowa's  educational  exhibit  at  New  Orleans.  The  list  is  simply  a 
catalogue  intended  to  indicate  the  general  nature  of  the  work  dis- 
played. Only  those  who  saw  and  studied  the  exhibit  in  place  are 
prepared  to  give  opinion  of  its  excellence.  The  material  shown  was 
abundant  and  varied.  It  came  from  the  deft  and  willing  fingers  of 
our  children.  The  greater  part  of  the  work  was  not  prepared  espec- 
ially for  the  World's  Fair;  much  of  it  was  never  intended  for  dis- 
play at  all,  yet  all  compared  most  favorably  with  work  coming  from 
schools  in  which  the  Exposition  had  been  for  months  the  one  thing 
thought  of.  The  honesty  of  the  display  was  everywhere  apparent, 
some  of  the  work  shown  being  superlatively  good,  some  fair,  and 
some  very  poor,  altogether  revealing  exactly  what  was  going  on  in 
our  Iowa  school  on  the  day  the  exhibit  was  collected. 

In  amount  of  material  displayed,  Iowa  was  certainly  second  to  no 
other  State,  while  in  variety,  in  what  may  be  called  comprehensive- 
ness, her  exhibit  was  unrivalled.  Pupils'  work  was  shown  from  every 
grade;  from  nearly  every  kind  of  school  in  the  State,  from  lowest 
primary  to  the  university,  and  through  it,  from  schools  in  the  city, 
schools  in  the  village,  and  schools  in  the  country. 

Of  the  credit  gained  for  the  State  by  this  exhibit,  it  is  difficult  to 
form  any  adequate  estimate.  The  place  assigned  Iowa  was,  perhaps, 
the  most  prominent  in  all  the  educational  display,  and  her  school 
work  was  the  "  observed  of  all  observers."  The  name  of  our  State 
became  familiar  to  those  who  had  hardly  known  it  before,  and  every- 
where her  enlarging  fame  was  associated  with  her  intellectual  prog- 
ress as  indicated  by  the  growth  and  development  of  her  schools.  Nor 
was  this  the  only  benefit  derived.  The  stimulus  given  to  educational 
effort,  both  at  home  and  in  other  States,  must  not  be  overlooked. 
Our  larger  towns  now,  more  than  ever,  vie  with  each  other  in  the  ex- 
cellence of  work  produced.  City  and  county  exhibits  are  the  or- 
der of  the  day,  and  a  generous  emulation  is  everywhere  manifest. 
6 


42  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

lowans  who  visited  the  exhibit,  proud  that  their  schools  had  done  so 
well,  were  inclined  to  make  them  more  and  more  worthy  of  a  world's 
praise;  while  citizens  of  States  in  which  public  schools  had  made 
little  progress,  judged  the  system  by  its  fruits  and  became  its  warm- 
est advocates,  determined  upon  its  universal  introduction  and  sup- 
port. 

The  exhibit  derived,  in  some  respects,  a  decided  advantage  from 
the  fact  that  a  similar  display  was  made  at  Madison  last  July.  The 
preparation  for  Madison  was  an  experience  by  which  many  Iowa 
teachers  knew  how  to  profit.  At  the  same  time  so  much  praise  was 
bestowed  on  that  first  effort  that  the  State  was  in  danger  of  resting 
upon  its  laurels,  and  of  allowing  the  opportunity  of  the  New  Orleans 
World's  Fair  to  pass  by  default.  The  short  time  elapsing  between 
the  two  exhibits  also  worked  disadvantageously,  since  in  many  cases 
the  work  sent  to  Madison  had  scarcely  reached  home,  when  similar 
work  was  again  called  for. 

However,  notwithstanding  these  difficulties,  and  some  others  that 
need  not  here  be  named,  the  exhibit  as  it  stood,  might  be  fairly  con- 
sidered representative.  Country  schools,  graded  schools,  high  schools, 
colleges,  and  university,  were  all  represented,  and  taken  together  pre- 
sented almost  every  kind  and  grade  of  work  done  in  the  schools  of 
the  State.  The  work  also  came  from  a  great  many  localities,  illus- 
trating the  same  or  equivalent  grades,  in  a  great  many  different 
schools,  so  that  the  exhibit  was  not  representative  only,  but  likewise 
very  comprehensive  and  complete. 

It  would  be  impossible,  within  the  present  limits,  to  give  even  a 
brief  account  of  each  of  the  individual  exhrbits.  A  few  must  be 
selected  which  were  more  prominent  either  on  account  of  the  amount 
of  material  displayed,  or  because  of  some  special  attraction.  It  has 
been  said  that  all  kinds  of  school  work  were  represented.  By  no 
means  the  least  interesting  material  in  this  wide  variety  was  the  work 
of  primary  grades.  Many  schools,  both  city  and  country,  exhibited 
very  conclusively  how  the  kindergarten  methods  and  material  can  be 
made  available  in  our  public  school  system;  and  that,  too,  without  the 
aid  of  special  kindergarten  teachers.  The  Clinton  schools  made  a 
very  handsome  exhibit  of  this  kind  in  form  of  map-weaving  and 
simple  paper  cutting. 

The  district  schools  of  Tama  county,  the  public  schools  of  Belle 
Plaine  and  Steamboat  Rock,  and  the  city  schools  of  Des  Moines,  also 
made  exhibits  of  kindergarten  work  of  various  sorts,  notably  in  the 


KEPOKT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  43 

form  of  worsted  maps  of  State  and  county.  In  addition  to  the  pri- 
mary work  there  were  displayed  beautiful  patterns  in  inventional 
paper  cutting,  from  the  fourth  and  fifth  grades. 

In  primary  language  work  much  excellent  material  was  shown;  that 
from  Marshalltown  and  from  Hard  in  county  being  perhaps  most 
prominent.  Burlington  sent  primary  work  in  all  subjects,  and  from 
her  entire  system  of  schools.  Folding  slates,  covered  with  primary 
work  in  various  subjects,  were  shown  from  Charles  City,  Davenport 
and  Des  Moines. 

In  Iowa,  as  elsewhere,  drawing  is  rapidly  coming  into  favor  and 
finding  a  place  for  itself  in  schools  of  all  grades.  Clinton  followed 
her  kindergarten  work  immediately  with  drawing,  demonstrating 
what  can  be  done  in  a  short  time  without  a  special  teacher.  Daven- 
port, in  a  beautiful  series,  displayed  her  entire  course  in  the  subject; 
from  the  fourth  grade  through  the  high  school,  and  from  nearly  all 
the  schools  exhibiting  we  had  samples  of  drawing  evincing  more  or 
less  perfect  systems  of  instruction. 

But  it  was  of  general  work,  in  the  ordinary  lines  of  study,  that  the 
great  bulk  of  Iowa's  exhibit  consisted.  There  were  thousands  of 
pages  of  pupils'  work  in  arithmetic,  grammar,  geography,  history,  and 
the  like.  In  such  displays  Oskaloosa  vied  with  Ottumwa,  Marshall- 
town  with  Clinton  and  Davenport,  and  Rockford  and  Marble  Rock 
with  Shenandoah  and  Sidney.  Every  step  of  the  pupil  could  be  traced 
from  the  primary  to  the  high  school,  or  through  it.  Burlington  ex- 
hibited this  whole  educational  history  in  a  single  volume,  embelished 
by  numerous  ornate  title-pages  and  drawings  in  ink.  High  schools  in 
all  the  places  named  sent  work  in  mathematics,  science  and  language. 
There  were  beautiful  pages  of  German,  problems  in  algebra,  botanical 
records  and  herbaria.  Iowa  Falls  high  school  sent  fine  manuscript, 
geometrical  demonstrations,  and  Creston  elaborate  outlines  of  Eng- 
lish grammar,  together  with  a  large  amount  of  manuscript  in  subjects 
pertaining  to  the  ordinary  high  school  course.  Nor  was  the  higher 
education  of  the  State  without  adequate  representation.  The  State 
Normal  at  Cedar  Falls  made  large  display  of  drawings  of  all  grades, 
of  charters  for  primary  instruction,  and  most  beatif ul  map  drawing  in 
ink,  large  folio  size.  Then  we  had  manuscripts  of  examinations  in 
many  subjects,  physics,  didactics,  geometry,  algebra,  etc.;  fine  her- 
baria, prepared  under  the  discretion  of  Miss  M.  Gilchrist,  the  profes- 
sor of  natural  science,  and  a  set  of  large  relief-maps  in  putty,  prepared 
under  the  direction  of  Miss  McGovern.  These  maps  were  something 


44  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

unique,  at  once   simple,  beautiful   and   instructive,  and   deservedly 
received  a  great  deal  of  attention. 

The  whole  Normal  school  exhibit  conveyed  the  impression  of  an 
effort  to  furnish  the  State  with  teachers  who  shall  be  well-informed 
and  competent  for  work,  with  the  ordinary  school  machinery  and  ap- 
paratus or  without  it. 

Close  by  the  display  just  described  was  found  that  made  by  the 
State  Department  of  Public  Instruction.  This  exhibit  was  a  sort  of 
epitome  of  the  entire  school  system  of  the  State.  Here  were  school 
statistics  spread  on  beautiful  glass  charts,  displaying  in  concise  and 
graphic  manner  all  the  facts  which  statistics  are  competent  to  show. 
For  example,  these  tables  exhibited  the  growth  of  the  Iowa  school 
system  from  its  organization  to  the  present,  the  growth  of  the  perma- 
nent school  fund,  of  the  expenditure  for  school  purposes,  the  increase 
in  the  school  population  and  in  the  number  of  teachers  employed; 
also,  the  present  organization  of  the  various  educational  institutions 
under  the  patronage  of  the  State,  and  the  organization  and  growth 
of  the  county  normal  institute  system.  A  distinctive  feature  of  this 
display  was  a  large  map  of  the  State,  showing  the  location  of  each 
school-house  in  every  county.  This  map  was  a  revelation  to  almost 
every  one.  Very  few  of  all  who  saw  it,  had  the  remotest  idea  of 
how  abundant  school-houses  in  Iowa  are,  or  of  the  uniformity  of  their 
distribution  throughout  the  counties  of  the  State;  conditions  which 
justify  the  motto,  "  A  school-house  on  every  hill-top." 

Associated  with  all  these  exhibits  from  the  common  schools,  and  in 
the  center  of  all  in  the  general  arrangement,  the  contributions  from 
the  State  University  found  their  place.  The  university  showed  a 
large  display  of  drawings,  both  instrumental  and  free  hand,  illustra- 
ting the  work  in  this  line  for  the  freshman  and  sophomore  classes. 
Then  followed  topographical  maps  of  great  perfection  and  excel- 
lence. In  the  very  center  of  the  exhibit  stood  two  cases — the  one 
containing  a  collection  of  fossils  illustrating  the  method  of  teaching 
paleontology  in  the  university,  the  other  displaying  two  collections  of 
land  and  fresh  water  shells — one  belonging  to  the  university,  the 
other  to  Mr.  B.  Shimek,  a  former  student.  A  score  or  more  of  note- 
books, neatly  written  and  filled  with  original  pencil-drawings,  show- 
ing beautiful  work  done  by  students  in  the  laboratories  of  natural 
science;  and  the  theses  in  engineering,  botany  and  zoology  were  so 
far  as  observable  entirely  without  rivals. 

It  remains  to  speak  of  two  special  exhibits,  one  from  the  Iowa  Col- 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  45 

iege  for  the  Blind  at  Vinton,  and  one  from  the  Institution  for  Deaf 
Mutes  at  Council  Bluffs.  Both  these  institutions  sent  samples  of  pu- 
pils' work.  From  the  blind  were  shown  all  kinds  of  fancy  needle- 
work, beadwork,  and  knitted  lace;  from  Council  Bluffs  came  crayon 
sketches,  boots  and  shoes,  and  a  handsome  walnut  office-desk. 

Taken  altogether,  Iowa's  educational  exhibit  was  representative, 
comprehensive  and  complete,  and  once  more,  as  at  Madison,  placed 
the  State  in  the  foremost  rank  for  educational  privilege  and  endeavor. 


MANUFACTURES  AND   MACHINERY. 

The  supervision  of  this  department  of  the  State  display  was  con- 
fided to  W.  C.  Huntington,  of  Des  Moines.  The  great  importance 
of  this  portion  of  the  exhibit  was  fully  recognized  by  the  Commis- 
sion, and  especial  means  and  measures  employed  to  secure  to  it  the 
utmost  completeness  and  prominence  attainable  from  the  character 
and  amount  of  material  at  hand.  The  display  of  manufactured  goods 
was  made  upon  the  space  allotted  the  State  in  the  Government  and 
States  building.  That  of  machinery  in  the  main  building  and  in  the 
machinery  annex.  In  addition,  fine  displays  of  vehicles  were  made 
in  the  carriage  annex. 

The  exhibit  of  manufactures  upon  the  Iowa  space  was  a  credit  to 
the  State,  and  elicited  much  commendatory  notice  from  visitors.  As 
•compared  with  similar  displays  of  other  States,  it  was  a  source  of 
pride,  and  sustained  in  a  marked  degree  the  high  position  assigned 
the  State  as  a  manufacturing  community  by  the  tenth  census,  that  of 
ranking  second  of  all  States  west  of  the  Mississippi  river. 

The  following 

LIST  OF   EXHIBITS 
shows  the  display  made  by  this  department. 

H.  W.  JOHNSON— KEOKUK. 

Furniture— 

1 .  Elkhorn  chair.    Frame- work  composed  of  two  immense  antlers;  back 
and  seat  of  carpet  upholstering. 

2.  Student's  rocking  chair.    Back  and  sides  made  from  root  of  tree, 
showing  pieces  of  stone  imbedded  in  the  wood;  all  highly  polished  and  up- 
holstered in  plush. 


46  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

BURLINGTON  WIRE  MATTRESS  COMPANY — BURLINGTON. 

1.  Bed  lounge.    Black  walnut,  veneered  panels,  carpet  upholstering,  an<J 
plain  trimmings. 

2.  Student's  rocker.    Walnut  frame  of  mammoth  size,  elegantly  uphol- 
stered in  maroon  plush  trimmed  with  deep  blue  plush,  supported  by  a  sin- 
gle pair  of  heavy  springs  and  solid  walnut  platform. 

3.  Reclining  chair,  of  heavy  walnut  frame;  back,  sides  and  foot-piece  of 
bright  maroon,  with  orange  trimmings. 

4.  Single  lounge.    Walnut  frame,  web  bottom  body,  upholstered  with. 
old  gold  plush  trimmed  with  dark  navy  blue  plush. 

6.  Single  lounge.  Web  bottom,  walnut  frame,  with  light  maroon  up- 
holstering and  old  gold  trimmings. 

6.  Projection  folding  cot,  with  patent  head-piece,  and  two  other  styles. 

7.  Three  woven  wire  bed  springs  in  frames,  and  tour  coil  spring  mat- 
tresses of  different  styles  and  patterns. 

8.  Three  coil  bed  springs  in  frames  of  one  style. 

L.  HARTSHORN— CHARLES  CITY. 

Sample  of  double  spring  bedstead. 

JOSEPH  BARBORKA— IOWA  CITY. 

Tower  clock.  Frame  of  best  cast  iron,  wheels  bronze  in  gun  metal,  cut 
gearing  made  by  special  tools,  pinion  and  shaft  of  steel  and  brass.  Weight 
of  ball  one  hundred  pounds,  frame  weighing  forty  pounds.  All  encased  in 
heavy  glass  case,  four  and  one  half  feet  high,  two  and  one  half  feet  wide, 
and  two  feet  deep,  placed  on  a  platform  in  front  of  Iowa  headquarters^ 
Kept  exact  time  from  moment  of  starting,  December  25,  1884,  at  12  noon^ 
until  removed  in  June,  1885. 

TRENK  WIRE  WORKS,  DUBUQTJE. 

Wire  and  Wire  Goods. 

1.  Fifteen  rolls  of  screen  wire  of  various  grades  and  colors. 

2.  Large  wire  flower  stand  with  hanging  baskets  and  half  round  stand. 

3.  Office  railing  used  in  banks  and  offices. 

4.  Flower  stand;  square  arch  designed  for  small  rooms. 
6.  Waste  paper  basket  of  copper  wire  and  neat  design. 
6.  Steel  wire  sand  screen  of  novel  construction. 

L.  C.  GRAY,  FORT  DODGE. 

Postal  Cabinet.  A  very  convenient  letter  rack  for  private  offices,  post 
offices,  etc.  A  cabinet  was  placed  in  the  Iowa  headquarters  December  16, 
and  used  continually  throughout  the  exposition,  giving  complete  satisfac- 
tion and  attracting  many  words  of  commendation. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  47 

DBS   MOINES  PAINT  AND  COLOR  CO. 

Mixed  Paints.  Collection  of  paint  shown  in  various  sized  cans,  and  of 
following  colors:  Ceiling  blue,  pale  cream,  pea  green,  French  gray,  light 
brown,  lavender,  light  olive,  medium  brown,  fawn,  dark  olive,  stone  gray, 
dark  brown,  tuscan  red,  Venetian  red,  floor  yellow,  vermilion,  extra  dark 
brown,  red  brown,  inside  white,  outside  white,  Chinese  blue,  vandyke 
brown. 

PERFECTION  INK  CO.,  MUSCATINE. 

Inks  and  Mucilage. 

Large  variety  of  purple,  violet,  black,  blue,  red,  and  other  inks,  on  a  semi- 
oval  pyramid. 
Also  mucilage  in  ten  different  styles  of  bottles,  handsomely  displayed. 

M'GUIRE  &  FORD  MANUFACTURING  co,  CLINTON. 

Economy  Egg  Pail.  Capable  of  holding  ten  dozen  eggs.  Pail  12  inches 
nigh,  8  inches  across  bottom  and  10  inches  across  top,  containing  four  per- 
forated slides,  each  perforation  holds  one  egg,  and  slides  fitted  over  an  up- 
right piece  in  center  of  pail. 

H.  WEISS,  BURLINGTON. 

North  Star  Egg  Case.  Box  form,  heavy  paper  trays;  each  tray  holds  three 
dozen  eggs.  Ten  trays  contained  in  one  case.  The  trays  can  be  folded  and 
packed.  Ten  sets  No.  1  trays  in  one  case  solid.  Fifteen  sets  No.  2  trays  in 
one  case  solid.  Each  tray  or  filler  has  a  complete  lock  in  each  corner  of 
each  and  every  cell,  making  it  impossible  to  come  apart  as  others  do. 

BENJ.  FRANKLIN,  BOONSBORO. 

Quadruple  Bee  Hive. 

This  hive  is  arranged  to  contain  four  colonies  separated  from  each  other, 
well  ventilated  by  a  central  chamber  or  flue  attached  to  a  double  bottom, 
having  an  air  passage  supplying  the  bees  with  fresh  air  just  where  it  is 
needed,  while  the  vapor  or  breath  arising  from  the  bees  in  winter  can  escape 
up  through  the  central  flue,  and  not  at  top  of  hive,  thereby  preventing  damp- 
ness and  mouldy  comb,  which  are  death  to  the  bees.  It  is  claimed  to  be  a 
protection  against  extreme  heat  as  well  as  cold. 

MORRISON  &  M'INTOSH,  GRINNELL. 
Gloves,  Mils  and  Leather. 

1.  Palmateer  finish  goat  gloves,  plain  trimming,  heavy  sewed. 

2.  Blanket  mitts,  sheep-skin  body  with  part  heavy  flannel.  Youth's  pontiac 
mits,  goat  face  and  flannel  trimming. 

3.  Sheep  gloves,  plain  finish  and  unlined. 


48  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

4.  Pontiac  mitts,  heavy  goat  body  and  cuffs  trimmed  with  heavy  flannel. 

5.  Blanket  mitts,  goat  body  and  lined  with  flannel. 

6.  Heavy  sheep  mitts,  goat  face. 

7.  Youth's  goat  gloves,  unlined. 

8.  Wool  mitts,  goat  face  and  covered  with  heavy  goat  wool,  lined  with 
flannel. 

9.  Sheep  skin,  full  pelt.    Dear  skin,  half  tanned  pelt. 

PORTER  BROTHER  &  HACKWORTH,  OTTUMWA. 

Harness  and  Fixtures. 

1.  Perfect  trace  carrier,  No.  1,  (2  samples.) 

2.  Best  out-trace  buckles. 

3 .  Improved  tire  ring  halter,  brass  trimmed . 

4.  Perfect  trace  carrier,  No.  2,  (2  samples. ) 

5.  Improved  fire  ring  halter,  nickle  trimmed. 

6 .  Improved  fire  ring  halter,  brass  trimmed. 

7.  Double  flange  collar,  turned  edge  for  buggy  team. 

8.  Double  flanged  collar,  machine  sewed,  fancy  welt. 

9.  Double  flanged  collar,  full  patent,  leather  coach  with  gilt  chain. 
10.  Double  flange  collar,  imitation  case  and  Scotch  brass. 

JOHN  C.    HORNKR,  LEON. 

Whippletree  hook. 

N.    GODES,  PRESTON. 

Show  case  with  fine  display  of  belt  fixtures. 

W.    P.    WOOD,  DECATUR. 

Miniature  wagon  brake. 

KETCHTJM  WAGON  CO.,  MARSH ALLTOWN . 

Wagon  and  Carriages. 

Wagon,  plain  two-horse  farm  wagon. 
Show  case  with  miniature  wagon. 

JOHN  BURG  &  SON,  BURLINGTON. 

Burg  wagons;  two  horse;  wood  work  elegantly  finished  and  varnished  in 
the  white;  no  paint;  iron  work  highly  polished.    (In  Wagon  Annex.) 

J.  KARS,  OTTUMWA. 

Carriage  cushions  from  Ottumwa. 

Also,  enameled  leather  and  cloth  of  different  colors. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  49 

THOMAS  A.  BEAMAN,  MT.  PLEASANT. 

Patent  sash  fastener. 

BUFFINGTON  WHEEL  CO.,  BURLINGTON. 

Fine  display  of  carriage  wheels  and  models  of  hubs,  showing  the  method 
of  putting  the  wheels  together. 

HANABACK  &  WILSON,  BONAPARTE. 

Jars,  flower  pots,  jugs,  etc.,  in  variety. 

A.  MAYER,  O8KALOO8A. 

Variety  of  jars,  etc. 

HANEY  &  CAMPBELL,  BELLEVTJE. 

1.  A  convenient  and  useful  apparatus  for  gathering  cream. 

2.  Milk  cooler;  patented.    A  new  device  for  cooling  milk  rapidly. 

C.  TRACY,  MITCHELL VILLE. 

Patent  milk  pail. 

TDTTLE  &  COREY,  DES  MONIES. 

Well  tubing  and  culvert  pipe  of  artificial  stone. 

J.  B.  PETTIT,  BURLINGTON. 

Washing  machines. 

BULINGTON  WASHING  MACHINE  COMPANY. 

Apparatus  for  washing  clothes,  etc. 

WAINE  &  M'CASLAND,  MARSHALLTOWN. 
•Case  of  horse  shoes  of  various  kinds  and  elegant  workmanship. 

CAPITAL  CITY  WOOLEN  MILLS,  DES  MOINES. 

Woolen  Goods. 

1.  Large  display  of  all  wool  blankets,  plain  and  in  colors. 

2.  Three  cases  of  flannels,  all  styles  and  patterns. 

BONAPARTE  MILLS. 

Woolen  Goods. 

1.  Large  display  of  flannels. 

2.  Large  exhibit  of  yarns,  all  colors. 

3.  Large  display  of  cassimere  goods,  all  prevailing  styles. 

7 


50  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

HAQOBBTY  &  SON,  BURLINGTON. 

Case  of  horse  shoes.   Unsurpassed  in  merit  by  any  display  in  either  build- 
ing; hand-made  shoes  for  the  shoeing  of  horses  for  any  trouble. 

W.  B.  VARNEY,  IOWA  CITY. 

Universal  wood  worker.    A  very  ingenius  machine  for  turning,  sawing, 
boring,  etc.    This  machine  used  largely  in  installing  exhibit  from  Iowa. 

MORGAN  BROS.,  CRE8TON. 

Incubator.    A  patented  machine  and  very  attractive. 

WM.  H.  HILL,  8R.,  WAVERLY. 

Broom  machine,  by  a  gentleman  seventy-two  years  of  age.    Invented  and 
used  by  him  in  making  brooms. 

A.  C.  MOUNT,  MARSHALLTOWN. 

Variety  of  brooms. 

KUHN  &  SONS,  BURLINGTON. 

Brooms. 

LE  GRAND  QUARRY  CO.,  MARSHALLTOWN. 

Panel  pieces  in  tile  and  stone.    Very  fine. 

W.  F.  BRANDENBURG,  BURLINGTON. 

Screen  door  and  window;  black  walnut  frame  door  highly  ornamented. 
Very  attractive. 

OTTUMWA  STARCH  CO.,  OTTUMWA. 

Starch.    Fine  display,  on  pyramid.    Largest  in  building. 

JOHN  MORRELL  &  CO.,  OTTUMWA. 

Pork,  lard,  hams,  shoulders  and  bacon,  on  handsome  pyramid. 

JOHN  STUART,  TRAER. 

Model  of  sugar  evaporator. 

JOHN  LEWIS,  DBS  MOINES. 

Artificial  stone  vases  of  large  size,  for  lawns.    Very  ornamental. 

WORCESTER  &  SON,  OTTUMWA  AND  DBS  MOINES. 

Three  show  cases.    One  6  feet,  two  4  feet;  walnut  and  oak  woods.    Very 
fine. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  51 

CYCLONE  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  DE  WITT. 

1.  Skillfully  designed  machinery  for  boring  hubs.    A  machine  of  marked 
ability  and  merit. 

2.  Plow  coulter.    A  new  and  desirable  method  of  attaching  coulters  to 
beams. 

H.  W.  JOHNSON,  KEOKUK. 

Picture  frame  decorated  or  entirely  covered  on  its  face  by  the  vertebra  of 
rattlesnakes.  The  frame  contains  a  picture  of  the  maker.  Attracts  much 
attention. 

GJBINNKJLL  HEADER  COMPANY — GUINNELL. 

Grain  header,  and  exhibits  illustrating  the  extent  of  the  business  of  this 
large  institution 

WILLIAM  GOULD — STUART. 

Patent  railroad  joints. 

J.  G.  CHERRY — CEDAR  RAPIDS. 

Display  of  churns  and  dairy  implements. 

DIJTZ— WATERLOO. 

Fruit  drier. 

A.  H.  BABCOCK— O8KALOO8A. 

Washing  machine. 

A.  H.  HILL— OSKALOOSA. 

Window  blinds. 

WIND  ENGINE  CO.— KEOKUK. 

Wind  mills. 

BENNETT  AND  FRANTZ— BURLINGTON. 

Display  of  two-horse  farm  wagon;  also  handsome  light  single  buggy. 

RANDOLPH  &  CO.— GRINNELL. 

Assortment  of  plows. 

IOWA  BARB  WIRE  CO.— DBS  MOINIC8. 

Wire  fence  and  machinery  for  making  same. 

MURRAY  IRON  WORKS. 

Lard-press,  wheel-scraper,  sausage  machines  and  other  heavy  machinery. 


52  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

HAWK-EYE  BARB  WIRE  COMPANY— BURLIGTON. 

Fifty  bundles  of  barb  wire,  sample  fence,  wire  corners. 

C.  BLODELL  &  SONS— MC  GREQOB. 

Two-horse  wagon. 

DUPLEX  SPRING  BED  CO. — BURLINGTON. 

Bed  springs  of  several  styles. 

ADAM  MOHEN. 

Butter  tubs. 

EMBALMING  BURIAL  CASE    CO. — BURLINGTON. 

Fine  caskets. 

DECKEK  &  BONITZ— BURLINGTON. 

A  fine  glass  case  containing  specimens  of  their  manufacture  (woolen 
goods)  prepared  especially  for  the  exhibition,  was  destroyed  en  route. 

J.  H.  ROACH  &  CO.— DUBUQUE. 

One  of  the  largest  and  best  displays  of  candies  and  other  confectionery  to 
be  found  on  the  grounds. 

DUBUQUE  LINSEED  OIL  &    PAINT  CO.— DUBUQUE. 

Large  assortment  of  all  kinds  of  paints. 

A.  L.  CLARK— DUBUQUE. 

Fire-escape  and  automatic  window  screen. 

IOWA  IRON  WORKS— DUBUQUE. 

Steam  pumps. 

FLENIKEN  TURBINE  CO.— DUBUQUE. 

Turbine  water-wheel. 

JAMES  GUSHING  &  SON— DUBUQUE. 

Fine  display  of  vinegars,  automatic  safety  gate  for  elevator  hatchways. 

KEY  CITY  BARREL  CO.— DUBUQUE. 

Display  ol  kegs  and  barrels. 

C.  LOET8CHEH— DUBUQUE. 

Cast  iron  arch  for  steam  boiler. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  5£ 

IOWA  COFFIN  CO.— DUBUQUE. 

Large  assortment  of  fine  burial  cases. 

DUBUQUE  SHOT  CO.— DUBUQUE. 

Display  of  their  products  in  a  large  star  and  crescent. 

CHAMBERLAIN  PLOW  CO.— DUBUQUE. 

Assortment  of  plows  and  feed- cutters. 

M.  8.  ANDREWS— DUBUQUB. 

Test  churn  for  creameries. 

NATIONAL  IRON  &  BRASS  WORKS— DUBUQUB. 

Steam  pumps  and  locomotive  bell-ringers. 

C.  L.  PRITCHARD— DUBUQUE. 

Adjustable  buggy  top  and  dash-board,  also  seats  and  cushions. 

JOHN  GLAB— DUBUBQUE. 

Mustard  and  vinegars. 

KNAPP  &  STOUT— DUBUQUB. 

Tubs  and  pails. 

T.  DE  EARNER— DUBUQUB. 

Fine  display  of  photagraphs. 

H.  8.  HETHBRINQTON— DUBUQUE. 

Photos  of  early  settlers  of  Dubuque. 

C.  BAYLESS— DUBUQUB. 

Work  from  his  commercial  college;  a  pen  picture  executed  by  0.  8.  Chap 
man,  being  especially  fine. 

CEDAR  FALLS  CANNING  CO. 

Handsome  showing  of  canned  corn. 

HARRIS  &  COLE  BROS. — CEDAR  FALLS. 

Large  display  of  wooden  pumps. 

TOM  CONNELLY— DUBUQUB. 

Largest  display  from  any  western  State,  consisting  of  fine  closed  carriages, 
elegantly  upholstered  phaeton,  and  other  vehicles.  This  exhibit  had  the 
post  of  honor  in  the  building  and  attracted  much  attention. 


54  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

THE  COOPER  WAGON — DUBUQUE. 

Twenty  common  farm  wagons,  especially  suitable  for  southern  trade. 
Strong  and  durable  and  much  in  demand. 

A.  Y.  M'DONALD— DUBUQUB. 

Large  display  of  pumps,  built  in  a  pyramid,  and  admitted  to  be  not  only 
the  most  handsome  exhibit  of  the  kind  in  the  Government  building  bnt  In 
the  entire  exposition;  also  engine  for  pumping. 

MT.  PLEASANT  SCALE  COMPANY. 

Display  of  farm  scales  (main  building.) 

STAB  WAGON  WORKS — CEDAR  RAPIDS. 

Large  exhibit  of  wagons  showing  excellent  work. 

MUSCATINE  OAT  MEAL  COMPANY. 

Very  large  and  handsomely  displayed  exhibit.  The  meal  in  show  cases 
especially  attractive. 

PRIVATE  EXHIBITS. 

MANUFACTURING. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  lists  of  articles  exhibited  by  the  State  of  Iowa 
In  its  collective  and  non-competitive  display,  there  were  a  number  of  private 
exhibits  from  the  State,  made  by  manufacturing  firms  who  bore  their  own 
expenses  and  entered  their  articles  for  competition.  The  success  of  such 
firms  in  the  latter  direction  was  most  gratifying,  and  to  secure  as  many  of 
such  exhibits  as  possible  was  the  constant  aim  of  the  Commission. 

THE  DIAMOND  CREAMERY,  MONTICELLO. 

This  firm  ranks  among  the  great  manufacturing  institutions  of  Iowa,  and 
indeed  of  the  United  States.  It  has  over  a  million  of  dollars  invested  in  its 
work  of  manufacturing  butter,  especially  for  shipment  to  foreign  countries, 
and  to  the  hottest  climates  of  the  globe.  In  this  specialty  it  has  no  suc- 
cessful competition.  It  is  an  historic  fact  that  the  development  of  this 
firm's  success  and  the  large  increase  of  the  dairy  interests  in  Iowa,  are  the 
results  of  Iowa's  bringing  her  dairy  advantages  into  prominence  by  securing 
the  first  premium  for  butter  over  the  entire  world  at  Philadelphia,  and 
maintaining  that  record  ever  since  at  expositions. 

The  Diamond  Creamery's  exhibits  in  the  main  building  was  made  in  a 
.novel  pyramid,  and  its  butter,  both  plain  and  in  the  tin  packages  for  hot 
climates,  was  awarded  the  gold  medal  and  first  premium. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  55 

NOVELTY   IRON  WORKS— DUBUQUE. 

This  large  establishment  had  an  extensive  exhibit,  under  the  supervision 
of  Mr.  C.  S.  Burt,  one  of  the  leading  representatives  of  the  firm,  who  was 
honored  by  his  fellow  exhibitors  by  his  election  as  president  of  their  asso- 
ciation. One  of  the  engines  of  these  works  was  chosen  to  aid  in  running 
the  vast  machinery  of  the  Exposition,  and  was  awarded  the  first  premium 
over  the  world  for  engines.  There  was  also  a  large  display  of  other  pro- 
ducts by  this  Iowa  manufactory. 

IOWA  FARMING  TOOL  COMPANY— FT.  MADISON. 

No  more  attractive  exhibit  was  ever  seen  in  the  main  building  than  the 
large  glass  pagoda  containing  the  display  of  this  company.  It  consisted  of 
shovels,  forks,  hoes  and  every  kind  of  tools  used  on  a  farm.  As  this  com- 
pany has  worked  up  a  large  trade  in  the  South  and  in  South  America,  its 
exhibit  was  of  great  benefit  to  it. 

ROBINSON  &  HITT — WATERLOO. 

This  firm  made  a  splendid  showing  of  omnibuses. 

OTHER  EXHIBITS. 

Several  other  private  displays  of  manufacture  from  Iowa  were  shown  in 
th«  main  building. 

The  displays  made  by  the  manufacturers  of  Dubuque,  Des  Moines, 
Burlington,  Bonaparte,  Cedar  Rapids,  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa  City  and 
Ottumwa  reflected  the  highest  credit  upon  their  skill  and  taste.  The 
exhibits  of  woolen  goods  eliciting  universal  praise  by  reason  of  their 
high  grade  in  texture,  quality  and  stability  of  color.  The  arrange- 
ment of  the  articles  in  this  department  was  excellent  and  reflected 
credit  upon  the  Superintendent  and  his  assistants. 

Mr.  L.  K.  Bowdish,  of  Dubuque,  was  appointed  by  the  Commission 
assistant  superintendent  of  this  department.  His  attention  to  the 
large  display  from  Dubuque  was  attested  by  the  excellent  manner  in 
which  the  goods  were  shown. 

WOMAN'S  WORK. 

This  section  of  the  exhibit  was  entrusted  to  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Scott,  of 
Nevada,  whose  work  in  the  Iowa  department  at  Philadelphia,  was 
most  creditable,  and  whose  success  at  this  exposition,  despite  many 
unfavorable  circumstances,  is  one  of  the  most  gratifying  features  of 
Iowa's  participation  at  New  Orleans.  In  an  eleborate  report  to  the 
Commission,  Mrs.  Scott  says  : 


50  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

REPORT  OF  SUPT.  SCOTT. 

August  5,  1884, 1  received  my  appointment,  and  as  soon  as  possible 
I  began  the  preliminary  arrangements.  On  August  27th  I  issued  cir- 
cular No.  1,  requesting  prompt  and  hearty  co-operation  from  the 
women  of  the  State,  and  explaining  the  character  of  work  desired. 
September  15th  I  issued  circular  No.  2,  and  October  8th  circular  No. 
3,  in  relation  to  the  mode  of  packing,  addressing  and  forwarding 
exhibits,  and  also  an  extended  account  of  the  manner  of  disposing  of 
goods  by  the  Commission  at  New  Orleans.  This  circular  was  also  a 
reprint  of  circular  No.  2,  with  the  additional  mention  of  pantry  stores 
as  a  desirable  exhibit. 

In  the  meantime  I  had  been  visiting  most  of  the  larger  towns  and 
cities  of  the  State  and  holding  meetings  with  the  ladies  relative  to 
the  display  I  was  anxious  to  obtain.  This  I  continued  with  utmost 
fervor  for  the  next  sixty  days,  in  some  instances  visiting  two  towns 
per  day.  In  this  way  I  met  with  the  ladies  of  Des  Moines,  Council 
Bluffs,  Keokuk,  Burlington,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Ottumwa,  Marshalltown, 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa  City,  Davenport,  Sioux  City,  Waterloo  and  other 
cities.  October  24  a  report  of  the  meeting  at  Iowa  City  was  pub- 
lished in  lieu  of  another  circular  which  would  but  reiterate  what  had 
been  previously  fully  explained.  December  1st,  while  preparing  to 
leave  the  State,  I  was  notified  of  a  disastrous  railroad  wreck  which 
occurred  to  a  portion  of  Iowa's  exhibit,  near  Burlington  on  the  pre- 
vious night.  It  was  reported  that  the  whole  of  the  woman's  exhibit 
was  totally  destroyed.  In  order,  however,  to  collect  and  repair  the 
remains  of  the  once  beautiful  display  and  make  as  good  a  showing 
as  possible,  I  went  to  New  Orleans,  reaching  there  December  4th. 
On  the  8th  was  held  the  first  meeting  of  the  lady  commissioners. 
Mrs.  Julia  Holmes  Smith,  Commissioner  for  the  northwest,  came 
about  the  10th  of  December  and  secured  our  space;  on  the  13th  the 
ladies  again  met  with  Mrs.  Howe,  who  was  present  for  the  first  time. 
The  wrecked  cars  came  in  December  15th  or  thereabouts.  Upon 
unpacking  and  sorting  I  discovered  missing  or  damaged  the  articles 
designated  by  a  *  in  the  list  hereinafter  given. 

We  were  enabled  to  commence  unpacking  on  receipt  of  the  remain- 
der of  our  boxes,  about  December  20th.  January  7  we  began  perma- 
nent arrangement  of  goodp,  and  had  the  exhibit  fully  installed  Jan- 
uary 28,  as  then  arranged,  save  the  missing  articles.  The  exhibit  was 
as  follows: 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  57 


THE  EXHIBIT. 


PATENTS. 

I.  *Fly  screen  door  attachment  No.  302,  916,  filed  Aug.  5, 1884.    Phoebe  H. 
Lrmbourne,  West  Liberty. 

II.  ^Photograph  album,  filed  Feb.  14,  1883     Viola  J.  Angie,  Spencer. 

III.  *Step  ladder.    Mrs  Mary  G.  Gartrell,  Des  Moines. 

IV.  Baking  powder  can  and  measure  combined.    Mrs.  Lillie  Raymond, 

Osceola. 

V.  Thermometer  to  facilitate  cooking  and  baking  in  an  oven.    Mrs.  Flora 

Grace  Perry. 

VI.  The  excelsior  ironing  table.    Mrs.  S.  L.  A  very,  Manson. 

VII.  Invalid  bed,  No.  270,046;  patented  Jan.  2,  1883.    Mrs.  A.  P.  Fobes, 

Dubuque. 

VIII.  Silver  plated  carriage  tip  and  wagon  tongue.    Maria  Dunham,  Dun- 

lap. 

DENTISTRY. 

I.    Dental  case.    M.  E.  Hildreth,  Mt.  Pleasant. 

LITERARY  WORK. 

I.  Europe  through  a  woman's  eye.    Mrs.  Lucy  Y.  Culler,  Burlington. 

II.  Common  school  compendium.    Mrs.  L.  J.  Lamphere,  Des  Moines. 

III.  Hospital  life.    Mrs.  Sarah  Young,  (Alias  Aunt  Becky)  Des  Moines. 

IV.  Wee  Folks  of  No  Man's  Land.    Mrs.  May  M.  Wetmore,  Dubuque. 

V.  *Two  of  us.    Calista  Halsey  Patchin,  Des  Moines. 

VI.  *For  girls.    Mrs.  E.  R.  Shepherd,  Marshalltown. 

VII.  *  Autumn  leaves.    Mrs.  M.  L.  Scott,  Greencastle. 

VIII.  *  Affection's  tribute.    Mrs.  R.  S.  Naylor,  Des  Moines. 

IX.  A  new  system  of  phonetic  pronunciation  in  German  and  English. 
Mrs.  Mary  A.  Henderson,  Salem. 

X.  Her  lovers.    Miss  Sue  Harry  Claggett,  Keokuk. 

XI.  *Clippings.    Mrs.  Col.  Springer,  Anamosa. 

XII.  Christmas  story,  translated  from  the  French.    Miss  Bertha  Favard, 

Keokuk. 

XIII.  *A  suggestive  work  for  the  Sabbath  school  teachers  and  advanced 

scholars.    Mrs.  Eugenia  Kibborn,  Cedar  Rapids. 

XIV.  Practical  ethics.    Mrs.  Matilda  Fletcher. 
8 


58  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

*XV.    I,  The  prevention  of  insanity. 

2,  The  relations  and  duties  of  the  general  profession  toward  insanity. 

8,  Insanity  in  women. 

4,  Plan  for  the  State  care  of  the  chronic  insane. 

6,  The  hospital  care  of  insane  women. 

6,  Psychiatory  in  Iowa. 

7,  Suicide. 

8,  Charity  reports. 

(a)  Charitable  institutions  of  Iowa,  1882. 

(b)  Charitable  institutions  of  Iowa,  1883. 

(c)  Report  of  national  conference  of  charities,  1882. 

(d)  Report  of  national  conference  of  charities,  1883. 

(e)  Report  of  national  conference  of  charities,  1884. 

9,  Work  of  women  in  Iowa,  by  Jennie  McCowen,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  of 

Davenport. 
XYI.    1.  Chinese  poems. 

8,  A  bundle  of  letters. 

8,  The  daughter  of  the  king's  forester.    Miss  Favard,  Keokuk. 

XVII.  The  rivulet  and  clover  blossoms.    Maud  Meredith,  Dubuque. 

XVIII.  Centennial  and  other  poems.    Mrs.  Rebecca  I.  Pollard  (alias  Kate 

Harrington),  Keokuk. 

XIX.  1,  Cooking  and  castle  building. 
2,  Soup  and  soup  making. 

8,  Bread  and  bread  making. 
4,  Salad  and  salad  making. 

6,  Vegetables  and  vegetable  cooking.    Mrs.  Emma  P.  Ewlng,  I.  8. 
A.  C.,  Ames. 

XX.  '76  cook-book.    Ladies  of  Plymouth  church,  Des  Moines. 

XXI.  Northwestern  cook-book.    Ladies  of  Presbyterian  church,  Keokuk. 
XXII*.    Matron's  cook-book.    Mrs.  Shankland,  Dubuque. 

XXIII.  1,  '76  cook-book. 

2,  Mrs.  Welsh's  cook-book. 

8,  Autumn  leaves. 

4,  A  book  for  schools,  Mrs.  Sara  B.  Mills,  Des  Moines, 

XXIV.  Catalogues  of  stock,  compiled  by  Mrs.  Adeline  M.  Payne,  Nevada. 

XXV.  Miuutes  of  annual  meetings,  W.  C.  T.  U. 

XXVI.  Three  lectures  before  the  Iowa  Liberal  League.    Mrs.  H.  S.  Lake, 

Ottumwa. 

XXVII.  Legal  papers.    Miss  Nannie  M.  Smith,  Keokuk. 

XXVIII.  Transcript  (weekly  papers).    Miss  Lizzie  M.  Lathene  and  Mrs. 

J.  L.  Wilson,  Cedar  Rapids. 

XXIX.  Silk  manual.    Mrs.  M.  H.  Tweedie,  Foote. 

XXX.  The  mid-continent.    Edited  by  Maud  Meredith,  Dubuque. 

XXXI.  County  superintendent's  report.    Mrs.  C.  A.  Frimble,  Calhoun 

county. 

XXXII.  The  Eagle  Grove<Times  (weekly  paper).   Mrs.  C.  J.  and  Miss  Kate 

Prehm,  Eagle  Grove,  Wright  county. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  59 

MUSICAL  COMPOSITION. 

I.  The  Lord's  Prayer.    Miss  Emma  G.  Holt,  organist  St.  Mary's  church, 

Ottumwa. 

II.  1,  *Sparkling  Stream. 

2,  Sunshine  and  Shadow. 

3,  *Golden  Sometime  Waltz,  Mrs.  Estelle  E.  Vore,  What  Cheer. 

III.  1,  Cherry  Glen  Schottische. 

2,  Cherry  Glen  Waltz. 

3,  Le  Grand  March. 

4,  Mizpah  Reverie.    Mrs.  Cora  Robbins  Fracker,  Iowa  City. 

MILLINERY. 

I.  fTrimmed  hat  from  Winterset. 

II.  Bonnet.    Mrs.  Brown,  Ottumwa. 

III.  1,  *Black  velvet  hat. 

2,  f  Brown  velvet  bonnet. 

3,  fBlack  crape  bonnet. 

4,  *  White  lace,    M.  C.  Bowling,  Davenport. 

IV.  White  bonnet.    Mrs.  David  Beimingham,  Keokuk. 

KNIT  WORK. 

I.  Knit  collar.    Mary  Ann  Neasham,  aged  12  years,  Nevada. 

II.  Zephyr  rug.    Mary  J.  Parker,  Lyons. 

III.  1,  Pair  stockings 

2,  Pair  socks.    Mrs.  W.  H.  Palmer,  Waterloo. 

IV.  Infants'  skirts.    Mrs.  H.  D.  Hatch,  Waterloo. 

V.  1,  Tidy. 

2,  Cushion.    Mrs.  Kleeblatt,  aged  60  years,  Council  Bluffs. 

VI.  *Normandy  lace.    Mrs.  M.  J.  Conley,  Sac  City. 

VII.  Linen  mitts.    Miss  Ella  Estis,  Keokuk. 

VIII.  1,  Pair  stockings. 

2,  Pair  gloves.    Mrs.  Nancy  Sloan,  aged  82  years,  Oskaloosa, 

IX.  The  mitten.    Flora  E.  Simonds,  West  Branch. 

CROCHET  WORK. 

I.  Child's  Afghan.    Mrs.  M.  M.  Wright. 

II.  Shawl.    Diana  Day,  Nevada. 

III.  Feather-edged  lace.    Mrs.  Flora  Girton,  Waterloo. 

IV.  Trimming  for  curtain.    Mrs.  M.  B.  Minchen,  Carroll. 

V.  Hood.    Miss  Bertha  Prescott,  Carroll. 

VI.  Lace.    Mrs.  Cory,  Council  Bluffs. 

VII.  *Pinball.    Minnie  S.  Lucas. 

VIII.  Pair  mittens.    Flora  E.  Simmons,  West  Branch. 

IX.  Opera  hood.    Mv  E.  Wright. 


0Q  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

X.  Opera  cape.    M.E.Wright. 

XI.  Pair  bracelets.    L.  M.  Postlewait,  Ottumwa. 

XII.  Tidy.    L.  M.  Postlewait,  Ottumwa. 

DRAWN  WORK. 

I.  Doily.    Mrs.  Chas.  A.  Clark,  Cedar  Hapids. 

II.  1,  Scarf  table  cover. 

2,  Sideboard. 

3,  Tidy. 

4,  Tidy. 

5,  Handkerchief.    Mrs.  A.  Aspenwall. 

III.  Night  robe  yoke.    Mrs.  E.  Lane,  Waterloo. 

IV.  1,  Bureau  scarf. 

2,  Handkerchief.    Miss  Anna  Edgerton,  Waterloo. 

V.  *Sample  piece.    Mrs.  S.  P.  Miller,  Sac  City. 

VI.  ^Handkerchief.    Miss  Cora  Cornell,  Vinton. 

VII.  Bureau  scarf.    Mrs.  J.  D.  Platt,  Waterloo. 

VIII.  Doily.    Marion  Lane,  Waterloo. 

LACE. 

I.  English  point  fischu.    Mrs.  D.  L.  Waldron,  Nevada. 

II.  1,  English  point  fischu. 

2,  Point  Honiton  handkerchief.    Mrs.  E.  M.  Scott,  Burlington. 

III.  Hand-made  lace.    Mrs.  Walker,  Waterloo. 

IV.  English  lace.    Mrs.  M.  V.  Bringham,  Sioux  City. 

V.  1,  *Neckerchief ,  English  lace. 

2,  *Fisehu,  English  lace. 

3,  *Cuffs,  English  lace.    Mrs.  Anthony  (aged  69  years),  Clinton. 

VI.  Handkerchief.    Mrs.  C.  B.  Huston,  Keokuk. 

DA.RNED  NET. 

I.  1,  Apron. 

2,  Tidies.    Mrs.  Flora  Girton,  Waterloo. 

II.  Pair  pillow  shams.    Miss  Lizzie  Wagner,  Ottumwa. 

III.  Child's  dress.    Miss  Lizzie  Nelson,  Odebolt. 

TATTING. 

I.    1,  Handkerchief. 

2,  Collar.    Mrs.  Florence  Cunningham,  Ottumwa. 

EMBROIDERY.     I.  WOOL. 

I.  *Cross  stitch.    Miss  Georgia  Broomfield. 

II.  Ottoman  cover.    Mrs.  Susan  Chamberhouse  (aged  69),  Carroll. 

III.  *Foot  rest.    M.  S.  Scott,  Nevada. 

IV.  Strip  for  foot  rest.    Lola  A.  McDaniels  (aged  14  years),  Vinton. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  61 

V.  Petit  point:    "  Child  washing  her  colored  nurse."    Mrs.  A.  Groninger, 

Sioux  City. 

VI.  Pair  slippers.    Mrs.  W.  H.  Palmer,  Waterloo. 

VII.  Tidy.    Mrs.  Jochnous  Hunter,  Schaler. 

VIII.  Tidy.    Edith  Sutton,  Odebolt. 

IX.  Tidy.    Mrs.  M.  J.  Stewardson,  Odebolt. 

X.  Tidy.    Miss  J.  E.  Hammond,  Odebolt. 

XI.  Pin  cushion.    Mrs.  March,  Odebolt. 

II.  G'OTTON. 

I.  Dress,  from  Winterset. 

II.  Pillow  shams.    Mrs.  C.  G.  McCarthy,  Nevada. 

III.  Chain  stitch.    Mrs.  F.  L.  Small,  DeWitt. 

III.    SILK. 

I.  1,  Infant's  shawl. 

2,  Necktie.    Mrs.  Matt  Parrott,  Waterloo. 

II.  Infant's  skirt.    Mrs.  Dr.  Grouse,  Waterloo. 

III.  Infant's  skirt.    Miss  Anna  McCrum,  Davenport. 

IV.  *Pincushion.    Mrs.  C.  G.  McCarthy,  Nevada. 

V.  1,  Shawl. 
2,  Banner. 

8,  Bird  of  Paradise. 

4,  Calla  lily  for  applique.    Madame  S.  Petit  Demange,  State  Center. 

VI.  Satin  stitch  banner.    Mrs.  F.  L.  Small,  De  Witt. 

VII.  Cape.    Miss  Spence,  Lyons. 

VIII.  Hat  crown.    Miss  Josie  Barron,  Cedar  Rapids. 

IV.   CHENILLE. 

I.    1,  Piano  spread. 

2,  *Table  scarf. 

3,  Sofa  pillow.    Mrs.  M.  Y.  O'Neil,  Council  Bluffs. 

V.  EGYPTIAN  TAPESTRY. 

I.  Curtain.    Mary  Avis  Scott,  Nevada. 

VI.  KENSINGTON. 

1.^  Sofa  pillow.    Mrs.  James  Beaver,  Cedar  Rapids. 

II.  Bureau  scarf.    Miss  Anna  Edgerton,  Waterloo. 

VII.  QUEEN  ANNE. 

L    Easel  scarf.    M.  S.  Scott,  Nevada. 


$2  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

VIII.    ARRASENE. 

I.  Banners.    Mrs.  E.  Peake,  Council  Bluffs. 

II.  Banner,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Smith,  Council  Bluffs. 

III.  Pin  cushion.    Mrs.  Jennie  M.  Terry,  Lewis. 

IV.  *Table  scarf.    Forward  &  Gleason,  Davenport. 

V.  1,  Plaque  of  thistles. 

2,  Placque  of  roses. 

3,  Wall  piece  of  sumac. 

4,  Sofa  pillow.    Miss  Josie  Barrow,  Cedar  Rapids. 

VI.  Bannerette.    Hattie  M.  West,  Sioux  City. 

VII.  Tidy.    Mrs.  Edith  Sutton,  Odebolt. 

IX.     CRAZY  QUILTS. 

I.  W.  C.  T.  U.    Loaned  by  J.  Ellen  Foster,  Clinton. 

II.  Bed  scarf  and  pillow  panels.    Mrs.  L.  Archer,  Carson. 

III.  Mrs.  Clifford  Watson,  Clinton. 

IV.  Miss  S.  Julian,  Dubuque. 

x.    RUGS. 

I.  Mrs.  Knapp,  Cedar  Falls. 

II.  Mrs.  Buck,  Montezuma. 

III.  Mrs.  M.  Whitmore,  Monticello. 

IV.  Mrs.  M.  J.  Parker,  Lyons. 

ART— I.     PENCIL  DRAWING. 

~3 

I.  Illustrations  for  a  text-book  in  zoology;  original  drawing.    By  Mary  P. 

McBride,  Princeton. 

II.  *Entomological  drawings.    Emma  Heizer,  Keokuk. 

III.  Sheep's  head.    F.  Place,  aged  15  years,  Waterloo. 

IV.  Drawing.    Mrs.  P.  E.  Fowler,  Waterloo. 

II.     PEN  DRAWING. 

I.  Linen  counterpane.    Mrs.  A.  C.  Dodge,  Burlington. 

II.  Vase.    Emma  Henningsen,  Lyons. 

III.  1,  The  diver. 

2,  Shoe.    Mrs.  V.  Lund,  Lyons. 

IV.  Peacock  feather.    Vannie  Heckel,  Lyons. 

V.  *Card.    Mary  Hart,  Lyons. 

VI.  *Card(2).    Clara  Madder,  Lyons. 

VII.  *Card.    Alice  Stewart. 

III.     CRAYON. 

I.    Landscape.    Mrs.  Lizzie  Mylton,  Ottumwa. 
IE.    1,  Battle  scene,  2d  Iowa  at  Ft.  Donelson. 

2,  *Boy  in  Turkish  cap.    Mrs.  Minnie  Van  Cise,  Clear  Lake. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  ( 

III.  Child's  head.    Mrs.  T.  Mclntosh,  Clear  Lake. 

IV.  1,  *Litlle  Red  Riding  Hood. 

2,  *Landscape,  with  cattle.    Mrs.  H.  S.  Mather,  Clear  Lake. 

V.  *Monarch  of  the  Glen.    Miss  Lizzie  McLaughlin,  CJear  Lake. 

VI.  1,  tRuth. 

2,  *Longfellow.    Mrs.  L.  G.  Hollister,  Clear  Lake. 

VII.  Girl's  head.    Kate  Sutherland,  Keokuk. 

VIII.  1,  Portrait  of  Rev.  Dr.  McClintock. 

2,  Portrait  of  Little  Miss  Penrose.    Lelia  R.  L'enrose.  Burlington. 

IX.  Twenty-three  studies  from  Clinton  Art  School. 

IV.     WATER  COLOR  PAINTINGS. 

I.  Painting.    Marion  Lane,  Waterloo. 

II.  Picture  (2).    Mrs.  Lizzie  Mylton,  Ottumwa. 

III.  1,  Study  in  India  ink. 

2,  Study  in  Sepia.    Mary  Avis  Scott,  Nevada. 

IV.  1,  View  on  Coon  River  from  city  of  Des  Maines. 
2,  River  view.    Miss  H.  O.  Crippen,  Des  Moines. 

V.     OIL  PAINTING. 

I.    1,  Azalia. 

2,  fMorning  Glens  and  Daisies. 
8,  Currants. 

4,  Child  of  30  years  ago. 

5,  Head  of  Raphael.    Mrs.  Henry  Wallace,  Winterset. 
n.    Collection  of  9.    Nellie  G.  Clancey,  Anamosa. 

III.  Snowballs.    Miss  Hattie  Gempert,  Keokuk. 

IV.  Collection  of  4.    Mrs.  Ellen  Blake  Schieve,  Ottumwa. 

V.  Painting.    Miss  Albia  Schieve,  7  years  old,  Ottumwa. 

VI.  Picture.    Mrs.  William  Bates,  Waterloo. 

VII.  fDog'shead.    Child  12  years  old,  Nevada. 

VIII.  The  Bride.    Mrs.  Eliza  D.  Cook,  Newton. 

IX.  tHollyhock.    Mrs.  Mattie  E.  Buck,  Montezuma. 

X.  Study  from  nature.    Mrs.  W.  I.  Buchanan,  Sioux  City. 

XI.  Summer  Woods.    Mrs.  Wm.  Whitney,  Waterloo. 

XII.  *Summer  landscape.    Mrs.  H.  C.  Boardman,  Nevada. 

XIII.  fSunset  in  California.    Mrs.  R.  G.  Mclntosh,  Clear  Lake. 

XIV.  f  Picture.    Mrs.  S.  H,  Shoemaker,  DeWitt. 

XV.  Placque.    Mrs.  Dr.  Morgan,  DeWitt. 

XVI.  Picture.    Mrs.  T.  Noddlers,  Keokuk. 

XVII.  Snowballs.    Miss  Frances  M.  llazen,  Davenport. 

XVIII.  1,  fView  in  Sullivan  county,  N.  Y.,  after  Summers. 
2,  fMt.  Hood  in  the  Distance,  after  Stuart. 

8,  f Study  in  foreshortening. 

4,  Prairie  Fire. 

6,  View  on  Columbia  River,  near  tunnel  No.  3,  after  Stuart. 


64  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

6,  Nasturtiums. 

7,  Hollyhocks. 

8,  The  Christmas  Sheaf. 

9,  Tile  (fire  place). 

10,  Pond  Lillies.    Mrs.  Mary  S.  Scott,  Nevada. 
XIX.    1,  Tambourine. 

2,  Wheat. 

3,  Golden  Bod. 

4,  Head  of  Minerva,  Mrs.  E.  E.  G.  Allyn,  Dubuque. 

VI.     CHINA  PAINTING. 

I.  Bottoni  Patient  Magdalene,  Miss  Lida  Howell,  Keokuk. 

II.  1,  Corregio's  Magdalene. 

2,  Psyche,  Mrs.  Judge  Howell,  Keokuk. 

III.  1,  Six  plate. 

2,  Six  sauce  dishes,  Mrs.  Henry  Wallace,  Winterset. 

IV.  Six  plates,  Marion  Lane,  Waterloo. 

V.  1*,  Two  sauce  plates, 
2*,  Two  tea  saucers, 
8t,  Two  tea  plates, 

4,  Two  breakfast  plates, 

5,  Two  bread  plates,  (Sample  of  set  of  120  pieces),  Mrs.  E.  A.  Raymond, 
Waterloo. 

VI.  l*,Vase. 

2*,  Bowl,  Mrs.  Leffingwell,  Lyons. 

VII.  *Pitcher,  Mrs.  Silas  Gardiner,  Lyons. 

VIII.  *Plate,  Vannie  Henkel,  Lyons. 

IX.  fPlaque,  Mrs.  Wm.  Whitney,  Waterloo. 

X.  Tile,  in  original  design,  F.  Place,  aged  10,  Waterloo. 

XI.  1,  Tea  pot. 

2,  Sugar  bowl. 

3,  Cream  pitcher,  Etta  Sickles,  aged  15  years,  Des  Moines. 

XII.  1,  fOne  dozen  cups  and  saucers. 

2,  One  fish  service. 

3,  One  dozen  pie  plates. 

4,  One  dozen  breakfast  plates. 

5,  Three  landscape  plates. 

6,  One-half  dozen  dessert  plates. 

7,  One  dozen  dessert  plates. 

8,  One- half  dozen  salad  dishes. 

9,  One  salad  bowl. 

10,  fFour  bread  and  milk  bowls  and  saucers. 

11,  One  water  pitcher. 

12,  *Two  cream  pitchers. 

13,  One  sugar  bowl. 

14,  One-half  dozen  fruit  sauce  plates. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  65 

15,  One  dozen  fruit  plates. 

16,  One  cake  plate. 

17,  Two  bread  plates. 

18,  Compote. 

19,  Mustard  tureens. 

20,  One  dozen  butter  plates,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Scott,  Nevada. 

ZEPHYR  PAINTING. 

I.  1,  Fruit. 
2,  Birds. 
8,  Roses,  Mrs.  H.  Perrier,  Des  Moines. 

MISCELLANEOUS  ART. 

Modeling  in  clay. 

I.  1,  Bust  of  Justice  Miller,  U.  S.  Supreme  Court. 

2,  Bust  of  ex-Senator  Harlan. 

3,  Les  Huguenots  (orgiinal  medallion),  Mrs.  H.  A,  Ketcham,  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant. 

II.  Soft  sculpture,  Mrs.  H.  Perrier,  Des  Moines. 

III.  Wood-carving,  Mrs.  Calesta  Halsey  Patchin,  Des  Moines. 

IV.  Photograph,  Miss  Lizzie  Law. 

V.  Case  photographs  (tinted),  Mrs.  Inmer,  Dubuque. 

VI.  Plaque  of  pounded  copper.  Mrs.  Alex.  Young,  Dubuque. 

VII.  Lustra  painting,  Mrs.  Dr.  Williams,  Marshalltown. 

VIII.  Chenille  painting,  Miss  Ida  C.  Titus. 

IX.  *Painted  Spanish  lace,  Lola  A.  Me  Daniels,  Vinton. 

X.  Kensington  painting,  Mrs.  S.  H.  Shoemaker,  De  Witt. 

XI.  Mantle  lambrequin,  Mary  Clark,  Keokuk. 

XII.  Masonic  apron,  on  lambskin,  Mary  Avis  Scott,  Nevada. 

XIII.  White  velvet,  Mrs.  L.  S.  Harrington,  De  Witt. 

XIV.  Wax  wreath,  Mrs.  Philip  Smith  Twingle,  Dubuque. 

XV.  Wax  work,  Miss  A.  Payne. 

XVI.  State  seal,  on  satin,  Pet  Walton,  Mt.  Pleasant. 

XVII.  Table  scarf,  M.  M.  Wright. 

XVIII.  Painted  satin  necktie,  Mrs.  Matt  Parrott,  Waterloo. 

XIX.  *Masonic  apron,  on  satin,  Mary  Avis  Scott,  Nevada. 

XX.  Hand-painted  tidy,  Mrs.  H.  Birdsall,  Winterset. 

XXI.  Banner,  satin,  State  W.  C.  T.  U.,  Mary  J.  Aldrich,  Pres.,  Cedar 
Rapids. 

XXII.  Banner,  State  Synodical  Missionary  Society,  Mrs.  Young,  Pres., 
Vinton. 

XXIII.  Banner,  Ladies  Literary  Union,  Dubuque. 

XXIV.  Book,  W.  C.  T.  U.  Mrs.  Allyn,  Pres.,  Dubuque. 

XXV.  Case  of  flowers,  composed  of  hair,  feathers,  zephyr  and  paper,  Belle 

Broadflt,  Onslow. 
9 


66  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

I.    1,  Silk  rag  curtain. 

2,  Mantle  drapery  embroidered  with  beetles'  wings,  Mrs.  Geo.  Gardiner, 

Lyons. 
H.    *Rick  rack,  Miss  Hattie  Hawkins,  Vinton. 

III.  Hand-made  shirt,  Mrs.  Lowe,  aged  84  years,  Vinton. 

IV.  *Darning,  Mrs.  M.  B.  Mincher,  Carroll. 

V.  fSl umber  robe,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Brooks,  Carroll. 

VI.  Calico  quilt,  Mrs.  Benaman,  aged  112  years,  Ames. 

VII.  Pair  vases,  Mrs.  Susan  Lawrence,  aged  77  years,  Dubuque. 

VIII.  Indelible  stamping. 

IX.  Perforated  patterns,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Barrow,  Cedar  Rapids. 

X.  Bead  Pasmenterie,  Madame  De  Mange,  State  Center. 

INDIAN  EXHIBIT — OF  SAC  AND  FOX  TRIBES,  TAMA  COUNTY, 

I.       1,  Roll  carpet. 

2,  Money  purse. 

3,  Girl's  skirt. 

4,  String  1 1  air  pipes. 

5,  Pair  ear  bobs. 

6,  Knit  sacque. 

7,  String  beads. 

8,  Pair  leggins. 

9,  Blanket. 

10,  Girl's  garter. 

11,  Bead  head  dress. 

12,  Bark  sack. 

13,  Head  band. 

14,  Dress. 

15,  Pair  moccasins. 

16,  String  wampum. 

17,  Pair  boy's  leggins. 

18,  Whip  sack. 

PANTRY  STORES. 

I.     *Thirty  glasses  of  jellies,  Miss  Edith  High,  DeWitt. 
List  of  exhibits  in  the  colored  department  of  Iowa  Woman's  Work  : 

CROCHET. 

I.  1,  Lace. 

2,  Chain,  Miss  Mamie  Greenwood,  Cedar  Rapids. 

II.  1,  Lambrequin. 

2,  Lambrequin. 

3,  Lambrequin,  Miss  Mary  A.  Ford,  Davenport. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

III.  Lambrequin,  Miss  Bussey,  Davenport. 

IV.  Tidy,  Miss  Ford,  Davenport. 

V.  Worsted  tidy,  Miss  Dora  Snies,  Oskaloosa. 

LACE. 

£.       Honiton  handkerchief,  Miss  Lida  Haney,  Muscatine. 

II.  Honiton  handkerchief,  Miss  Lizzie  Carr,  Muscatine. 

III.  Rick  rack,  Ida  Washington,  Cedar  Rapids. 

DARNED  NET. 

I.  Table  spread,  Virginia  Walker,  Davenport. 

II.  Samples  of  work,  Mrs.  Ford,  Davenport. 

EMBROIDERY. 

WORSTED. 

I.  Cushion  and  mats,  Bell  Jameson,  Des  Moines. 

II.  Hair  pin  cushion,  Mrs.  Poindexter,  Des  Moines. 

III.  Appleque  tidy,  Adora  Garland,  Davenport. 

ARRASENE. 

I.       Wall  pocket,  Virginia  Walker,  Davenport. 

OUTLINE. 

I.  Tidy,  Minnie  Greenwood,  Cedar  Rapids. 

II.  1,  Splasher. 

2,  Towel,  Mrs.  J.  E.  Williamson,  Des  Moines. 
m.    Side  board  cover,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Blagburn,  Des  Moines. 

QUILTS. 

I.  Silk,  Mrs.  R.  Van  Atsworth,  Iowa  City. 

II.  Calico,  Mrs.  Emma  Reed,  Muscatine. 

III.  Calico,  Mrs.  Rachel  Rogers,  Davenport. 

ART. 

LOIL  PAINTING. 

I.       1,  Water  lillies. 

2,  Pond  lillies,  Miss  Fanny  Barnes,  Muscatine. 

WAX  WORK. 

I.  Wax  cross,  Miss  Sara  A.  Brassfleld,  Muscatine. 

II.  Flowers,  Miss  Abby  Payne,  Des  Moines. 


flg  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

PANTRY  STORES. 

1.       Canned  fruit,  Miss  May  Williamson,  Des  Moines. 

MEDICINE. 

I.       African  medicine,  Mrs.  E.  Duffles,  Dubuque. 

IOWA  WOMEN  IN  BUSINESS. 

The  aim  of  the  department  was  to  make  known  and  thereby  en- 
courage the  efforts  of  women  in  Iowa  in  literature,  invention,  the 
professions  and  industries.  The  preparation  of  my  exhibit  showed 
that  all  departments  of  mental  activity  have  been  entered  by  women 
of  the  State,  who  have  attained  therein  no  small  degree  of  excellence. 
They  have  been  successful  as  editors,  publishers,  correspondents, 
critics,  teachers,  novelists,  poets,  scientists,  essayists,  lecturers,  dram- 
atists, and  in  the  liberal  professions. 

IN  JOURNALISM. 

The  following  are  a  few  ladies  whose  abilities  have  placed  them  in  the 
vanguard  of  journalism:  Ella  A.  Hamilton,  editor  Northwestern  Journal  of 
Education*  Mrs.  R.  S.  Collier  ("Ada  Langworthy  "),  Miss  Mae  Rogers,  Mrs. 
B.  W.  Poor,  Mrs.  E.  E.  G.  Allyn,  Georgia  G.  Smith  ("  Garnaville  "),  aged 
fourteen,  Mrs.  C.  H.  Dye  (Jennie  Juniper),  Mrs.  Leo  Chapman,  Clara 
Davidson,  Miss  Alice  French  ("  Octave  Thanet "),  Miss  Kate  Prehn,  Mrs. 
B.  F.  Wright,  Mrs.  Jennie  L.  Wilson,  Mrs.  L.  M.  Latham,  Mrs.  A.  M. 
Payne,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Lake,  and  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hamilton  ("  Observer.") 

EDUCATIONAL  AUTHORS. 

As  authoress  of  educational  works  and  books  of  reference  are  found  the 
names  of  Mae  Rogers,  who  edited  the  Waverly  Dictionary;  Mrs.  L.  J.  Lan- 
phere,  Common  School  Compendium;  Mrs  Emma  P.  Ewing,  professor  of 
domestic  economy,  I.  A.  C.,  who  has  published  some  valuable  text-books  on 
cookery;  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Henderson,  phonetics  in  French  and  German;  and 
Mary  B.  Welch,  formerly  teacher  of  domestic  economy  at  the  Iowa  Agricul- 
tural College. 

WRITERS  OP  FICTION. 

Iowa  novelists  are  Mrs.  Mary  M.  Wetmore  ("Oaks  ");  Ada  Langworthy 
<also  poetess);  Mrs.  Lucy  Y.  Culler,  Mrs.  R.  8.  Naylor,  Mrs.  E.  R.  Shep- 
herd, Calista  H.  Patchin,  Mrs.  Sara  Young  ("Aunt  Becky,")  and  Octave 
"Thanet. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


POETRY. 

Among  the  poetesses  are  Mrs.  D.  T.  Smith  ("  Maude  Meredith,")  also  nov- 
elist; Mrs.  Prof.  Shoup,  Mrs.  Rebecca  I.  Pollard  (u  Kate  Harrington,")  and 
Miss  Bertha  Farard,  who  is  also  a  translator  of  worth. 

IN  SCIENCE. 

Mrs.  M.  L.  D.  Putnam,  Miss  Mary  P.  McBride  and  Miss  Julia  Sanders 
stand  pre-eminent  in  the  sciences. 

ESSAYISTS. 

The  essayists  on  literary,  philosophic,  biographic  and  art  subjects  are  a 
body  of  women  whose  work  is  of  a  superior  order. 

LECTURERS. 

The  literary  efforts  and  successes  of  women  in  the  lecture-field  are  well 
worthy  of  mention;  the  most  prominent  are  J.  Ellen  Foster,  Matilda 
Fletcher,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Lake  and  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Adams. 

ELOCUTIONISTS. 

Dramatic  literature  has  also  its  students  and  writers;  while  elocution 
ranks  among  its  followers  Ella  June  Meade,  Nellie  Bird,  Matie  Cope,  Miss 
Timberman  and  Mrs.  J.  E.  Fairbanks. 

IN  MEDICINE. 

In  medicine  we  find  contributions  from  such  able  pens  as  Jennie  Me- 
Cowen  (A.  M.  and  M.  D.)  Other  successful  physicians  are  Clara  Yeomans, 
M.  J.  Tenny,  M.  E.  Colby,  Laura  L.  Lebhardt,  Alice  M.  Stark,  Edith  M» 
Gould,  Anna  M.  Culver,  Rebecca  Hanna,  Stella  Nichols  and  Margaret  A. 
Cleaves,  a  member  of  the  examining  committee  of  the  medical  department 
of  the  Iowa  State  University. 

LAWYERS. 

The  followers  of  the  law  are  five  of  whom  I  have  only  the  names  of  J. 
Ellen  Foster  and  Nannie  M.  Smith. 

DENTISTS. 

There  are  three  successful  lady  dentists,  Mrs.  M.  L.  West,  Mrs.  M.  E. 
Hildreth  and  Mrs.  Goore. 

CLERGYMEN. 

Iowa  numbers  among  her  ministers  twelve  women,  prominent  among 
whom  are  Ida  C.  Hultin,  Mary  A.  Safford,  and  Marion  Murdock. 


70  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

TEACHERS. 

In  educational  work  are  found  Susan  F.  Smith,  Professor  of  English  Lit- 
erature at  the  State  University;  Ellen  M.  Rich,  a  member  of  the  State  Nor- 
mal Examining  Board.  There  are  thirteen  county  school  superintendents  and 
a  number  of  principals.  Miss  Maude  Gilcrist  is  employed  as  teacher  in  the 
State  Normal  School,  and  Professor  Laura  M.  Ensign  is  a  most  successful 
teacher  in  the  same  school. 

INVENTORS. 

The  spirit  of  invention,  popularly  supposed  to  dwell  within  the  confines 
of  New  England,  has  taken  the  advice  of  Horace  Greeley  and  is  perma- 
nently located  west  of  the  rolling  Mississippi.  This  is  verified  by  the  fol- 
lowing list  of  inventors  among  Iowa  women: 

Mrs.  Phoebe  B.  Lambour,  West  Liberty;  Viola  J.  Angee,  Spencer;  Clara 
Youmans,  Clinton;  Mrs.  S.  L.  Avery,  Manaon;  Mrs.  M.  E.  Tisdale,  Cedar 
Rapids;  Mrs.  Gartrell,  Des  Moines;  Maria  Dunham,  Dunlap;  Mrs.  Lillie 
Raymond,  Osceola;  Mrs.  Flora  Grace,  Perry;  Eugenia  Kilbone,  Cedar 
Rapids;  Mrs.  Ayers,  Clinton;  Mrs.  A.  P.  Fobes,  Dubuque. 

ARTISTS. 

The  numerous  art  schools  in  Iowa  are  well  patronized,  pencil  and  pen 
drawings,  etching  and  engraving,  brass  work,  wood  carving,  oil,  mineral  and 
water  color,  crayon  and  pastel  are  branches  of  this  study  to  which  women 
are  devoting  themselves.  There  are  more  than  144  teachers  of  art.  and 
1,754  pupils,  five  art  clubs,  eight  clubs  for  study  of  art,  and  about  forty- 
seven  artists  whose  work  is  especially  noteworthy.  In  modeling,  the  names 
of  11.  A.  Ketchum  and  M.  A.  Taylor  stand  foremost.  Ellen  Blake  Schieve, 
Mary  Murray,  Nannie  Van  Cise,  Eliza  D.  Cook,  Miss  H.  O.  Crippen,  Miss 
Pet  Walton,  Mrs.  W.  I.  Buchanan,  Nellie  G.  Clancey,  Mrs.  Win.  Whitney, 
Mrs.  Judge  Howell,  Miss  Lida  ilowell,  and  Mary  L.  Scott  are  the  authors 
of  valuable  pieces  in  oil,  mineral  and  water  colors.  As  an  artist  in  a  novel 
line  of  work  Mrs.  H.  Perrior  has  attained  distinction.  Mrs.  Perrior  is  the 
originator  of  what  is  known  as  Zepher  sculpture  and  painting.  Miss  Ora  E. 
Miller  and  her  sister,  Mrs.  F.  W.  Towlher,  of  Cedar  Rapids,  are  known  as 
the  inventors  of  a  new  and  valuable  system  of  painting  on  cloth  known  as 
"Arrasene  Work." 

Miss  Lizzie  Law  and  Mrs.  Durne  r  have  done  good  work  in  photography. 

In  music,  Emma  G.  Holt,  organist  of  St  Mary's  church,  Ottumwa,  Mrs. 
E.  G.  Fracker  and  Estelle  Vore  have  attained  success  in  compositions. 
There  are,  moreover,  about  1,721  teachers  and  pupils  in  music. 

The  needle  has  ever  been  the  emblem  of  drudgery  for  women,  but  now, 
with  the  advancing  spirit  of  the  age,  gorgeous  flower  pieces  and  ravishing 
sun  tints  bloom  beneath  her  industrious  fingers,  which  convert  her  work 
into  one  of  pleasure  and  radiance,  and  if  only  another  door  has  been  opened 
for  the  anxious  and  willing  hands  of  women,  art  needle  work  need  play  no 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  71 

small  part  in  the  destiny  of  the  gentler  sex."  Tables,  windows,  door  open- 
ing and  mantel  shelves  are  now  replete  with  the  richness  of  warm  toned 
draperies  which  the  needle  has  embellished  with  tropical  and  rare  flowers, 
fruits  and  grasses.  Many  are  the  names  which  might  here  be  recorded,  but 
those  who  might  be  considered  as  professionals  in  the  work  are  fewer  and 
can  be  embraced  in  those  of  Mrs.  C.  E.  Barrow,  Madame  L.  Petit  Demange, 
and  Mrs.  Hableman.  Thought,  taste,  mechanical  skill,  energy,  and  origi- 
nality are  qualities  as  requisite  in  constructing  a  dress  or  bonnet  as  in  any- 
thing apparently  more  complicated.  Therefore  it  is  but  just  to  mention  a 
few  individuals  who  have  contributed  in  this  department.  Mrs.  Brown, 
Mrs.  M.  C.  Bowling,  Mrs.  David  Bermicgham  and  Miss  M.  A.  Bamberger 
are  ladies  who  have  made  a  signal  success  as  milliners.  It  is  impossible  to 
make  a  correct  estimate  of  the  number  of  women  employed  as  dressmakers 
and  in  plain  sewing,  but  the  number  is  not  less  than  five  hundred. 

OTHER  WORK. 

Besides  the  industries  already  mentioned,  women  are  in  business  as  fol- 
lows: women  own  and  manage  farms,  955;  women  overseers  of  farms,  18; 
women  on  stock  farms,  6;  women  in  dairies,  20;  women  in  green-houses,  5; 
women  market  gardeners,  9;  women  in  medicine,  over  100;  women  in  di- 
vinity, 12;  women  in  pharmacy,  48;  women  nurses,  110;  women  civil  engi- 
neers, 1;  women  presidents  of  banks,  2;  women  brokers  of  moneys  and 
stocks,  3;  women  book-keepers  in  banks,  4;  women  court  reporters,  1, 
women  notaries  public,  55;  women  bureau  managers  of  newspapers,  1; 
women  pension  attorney,  1;  women  peddlers,  1;  women  livery  stable  and 
bus  line,  2;  women  county  recorder,  1;  women  sewing  machine  agent,  1. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  women  are  pursuing  business  as  confectioners, 
hosiery  manufacturers,  ladies  furnishing  goods,  book  merchants,  bakers, 
costumers,  grocers,  hair-dressers,  jewelers,  tailoresses,  stenographers,  tel- 
ephone operators,  dyers,  cashiers,  language  teachers,  cigar  makers,  furriers, 
and  even  barbers. 

The  professional  schools  open  to  women  are: 

In  Medicine— State  University,  regular  and  homeopathic;  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  Des  Moines;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Keo- 
kuk;  Medical  Department  of  Drake  University,  Eclectic. 

In  Law— State  University;  Iowa  Law  School,  Des  Moines. 

In  Pharmacy— Iowa  State  University. 

In  Dentistry—  State  University. 

In  Domestic  Economy — Agricultural  College. 

In  Didactics— State  University;  State  Normal  School. 

Iowa  supports  a  home  for  "  Aged  and  Friendless  Women  ";  "  Home  for 
Erring  Women,"  "  Reform  School  for  Girls,"  and  numerous  hospitals  con- 
ducted by  Sisters  of  Charity. 


72  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


HONORS  FOR  IOWA  WOMEN. 


For  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  a  system  of  commendation,-  or 
honorable  mention,  the  work  of  the  Woman's  Department  was  divided 
into  classes,  composed  of  different  kinds  of  work,  and  for  each  of 
these  a  committee  of  three  ladies  was  appointed  as  judges,  who  con- 
ferred two  degrees  of  commendation  in  each  class.  The  following 
is  a  list  of  the  ribbons  of 

HONORABLE  MENTION, 

which  were  forwarded  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Woman's  Department 
to  this  State: 

Mrs.  George  Gardiner,  Lyons,  1st  mention,  for  portraiture. 
Mrs.  George  Gardiner,  Lyons,  2d,  for  mantle  drapery. 
Mrs.  D.  V.  Waldron,  Nevada,  1st,  for  English  point  lace. 
Mrs.  C.  G.  McCarthy,  Nevada,  2d,  for  outline  embroidery. 
Mrs.  H.  A.  Ketchum,  Mt.  Pleasant,  1st,  for  modeling. 
Mrs.  Matt  Parrott,  Waterloo,  2d,  for  white  flannel  embroidery. 
Miss  L.  Julian,  Dubuque,  1st,  for  Japanese  quilt. 
W.  C.  T.  U.,  Muscatine,  2d  for  Japanese  quilt. 
Mrs.  N.  J.  O'Neil,  Council  Bluffs,  1st,  for  chenille  embroidery. 
Mrs.  N.  Anthony,  Clinton,  1st,  for  English  lace. 
Miss  Lida  Howell,  Keokuk,  1st,  for  porcelain  painting. 
Miss  Mary  P.  McBride,  Princeton,  for  original  designs. 
Miss  Etta  Sickles,  Des  Moines,  for  China  painting. 
Mrs.  W.  I.  Buchanan,  Sioux  City,  for  study  from  nature. 
Madame  T.  J.  Demange,  State  Centre,  for  Kensington  embroidery- 
Mrs.  A.  D.  Fobes,  Dubuque,  1st,  for  hospital  bed. 
Mrs.  Mary  S.  Scott,  Nevada,  1st,  for  China  painting. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  73 


THE  DAIRY  SECTION. 


One  of  the  first  departments  contemplated  for  the  Iowa  exhibit 
was  the  dairy.  No  branch  of  industry  is  more  important  in  Iowa, 
and  in  no  direction  have  the  benefits  of  exposition  to  the  State  been 
so  prominent  as  in  the  development  of  our  butter  yield  and  trade. 
No  argument  is  needed  to  show  that  the  gold  medal  awarded  Iowa  at 
the  World's  Exposition,  in  1876,  spurred  the  people  of  the  State  onward 
in  a  department  of  labor  that  was  most  profitable.  In  1870  we  had 
369,8X1  dairy  cows;  in  1880  the  number  was  854,097,  and  in  1885, 
1,200,000.  From  a  few  scattering,  poorly  equipped  creameries  in 
1870,  we  had,  in  1884,  650  creameries,  as  against  470  in  Illinois,  430 
in  Wisconsin,  and  139  in  Minnesota,  or  more  than  one  third  as  many 
as  the  States  together  named.  Statistics  of  markets  show  that  after 
Iowa's  triumph  in  butter,  in  1876,  the  price  of  the  article  not  only  ad- 
vanced in  Iowa,  but  also  the  demand  created  for  it  in  all  parts  of  the 
country.  Col.  B.  M.  Littler,  Secretary  of  the  National  Dairy  Associ- 
ation, cite -j  figures  to  show  that  (t  four  tubs  out  of  every  six  sold  in 
New  York  are  made  west  of  Chicago,  and  one  third  of  the  entire 
quantity  is  the  product  of  Iowa  creameries.  From  a  yield,  prior  to 
1876,  that  was  only  little  more  than  what  was  needed  for  home  con- 
sumption, the  yield  in  Iowa  of  butter  for  1884,  was  60,000,000  poundp, 
which,  at  the  low  estimate  of  12£  cents  per  pound,  represents  an  in- 
come for  the  State  of  $7,580,000.  The  cheese  industry  has  -also  as- 
sumed large  proportion  in  Iowa,  the  product  being,  in  1884,  over 
1,000,000,  and  the  income  1400,000. 

The  great  non-producing  States  of  (good)  butter,  in  the  South,  be- 
gan some  eight  years  ago  to  try  Iowa  butter,  and  the  result  is  that 
Iowa  practically  enjoys  the  great  trade  of  these  States  in  butter.  St. 
Louis  has  become  a  great  producer  for  us,  and  three  fourths  of  all 
good  butter  sold  in  New  Orleans  is  from  Iowa.  A  fUie  market  for 
butter  has  also  been  opened  in  Mexico  and  countries  further  south, 
while  the  Government  is  a  large  purchaser  for  the  army  and  navy, 
especially  of  butter  packed  for  hot  countries  and  long  voyages. 
10 


74  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

SUPERINTENDENT   HUSTON. 

To  superintend  the  collection  of  a  dairy  exhibit,  the  Commissioner 
invited  Mr.  A.  Huston,  of  Cedar  Rapids,  a  gentleman  of  experience 
in  such  work  and  a  practical  dairyman.  Mr.  Huston  had  also  been 
chosen  as  a  member  of  the  National  Board  of  the  Dairy  Department 
of  the  Exposition.  In  Mr.  J.  W.  Johnson,  of  Oskaloosa,  his  assistant 
superintendent,  Mr.  Huston  had  efficient  aid  in  making  the  great 
showing  for  Iowa.  In  his  report  to  the  Commissioner,  Mr.  Huston 
says: 

Iowa  stands  at  the  head  as  a  dairy  producing  State,  and  yet  her  possibil- 
ities can  more  than  quadruple  her  present  output.  This  rapid  increase  in 
the  productions  of  the  dairy  convinced  Iowa  dairymen  that  they  must  look 
for  new  markets  for  their  products,  and  they  responded  most  heartily  to  the 
request  to  send  their  products  to  the  World's  Fair.  Their  contribution 
formed  the  largest  exhibit  of  butter  ever  displayed  by  any  State  at  any  dairy 
fair  or  exposition. 

PROMINENT  EXHIBITORS. 

Among  the  more  prominent  exhibitors  to  whom  I  am  largely  indebted  for 
this  most  creditable  display  of  dairy  products  were  the  Northeastern  Iowa 
Dairymen's  Association,  which  made  an  exhibit  of  400  tubs  (28,000  pounds) 
of  choice  creamery  butter,  worth  at  the  time  $3,000. 

Wm.  Beard  &  Son,  of  Decorah,  Iowa,  made  a  display  as  individual  manu- 
facturers of  150  tubs  (10,500  pounds),  worth  $3,000;  and  L.  W.  Beard,  of  that 
firm,  rendered  valuable  assistance  in  getting  the  dairy  exhibit  in  proper 
shape. 

The  Diamond  Creamery  Company,  of  Monticello,  was  represented  by  sev- 
eral tons  of  butter  packed  in  hermetically  sealed  cans,  especially  for  ship- 
ment to  warm  climates,  and  was  well  represented  in  all  other  classes. 

The  Buena  Vista  Creamery  Company,  of  Storm  Lake;  G.  B.  Lawson,  of 
Traer;  J.  R.  Gitchell  &  Co.,  of  Walker,  Linn  county;  P.  G.  Henderson,  of 
Central  City;  J.  W.  Brazelton,  of  Prairiesburg;  J.  A.  Henderson,  of  Sar- 
geant's  Grove;  Mrs.  W.  A.  Stephens,  of  Oskaloosa;  I.  J.  Black,  of  Clinton; 
M.  Gilchrist,  of  Center  Point;  Mrs.  Charles  Gridly,  of  Onslow;  P.  O.  Biley, 
of  Lawler;  Union  Creamery,  of  Union;  Washington  Childs,  of  Manchester; 
S.  J.  Edwards,  of  Manchester;  and  L.  Pilkington,  of  Springdale,  and  the 
Sharon  Cheese  Company,  of  Iowa  City,  all  furnished  exhibits  of  more  than 
ordinary  merit  and  strikingly  attractive.  The  result  of  this  magnificent 
display  of  dairy  products  was  that  Iowa  took  not  only  the  first  great  prize 
and  gold  medal,  but  also  the  largest  number  of  premiums  awarded  any 
State. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  75 

THE  PRINCIPAL  PREMIUMS. 
The  following  are  the  principal  premiums  awarded  the  State: 

DIAMOND  CREAMERY,  MONTICELLO. 

Best  creamery  butter,  sweepstakes,  gold  medal  and  $50. 

Best  creamery  butter,  September  or  October  make,  1st  premium  and 
$100. 

Best  tub  of  butter  not  less  than  50  pounds,  made  any  time  or  place,  by 
any  process,  1st  premium  and  pro  rata  of  premium  of  $1,000. 

Largest  and  best  display  of  butter  by  any  manufacturer,  2d  premium,  $75. 

Best  tub  of  butter,  not  less  than  50  pounds,  made  at  any  time,  in  States 
of  Ohio,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Missouri,  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Iowa,  Minne- 
sota, Kansas,  Nebraska,  California,  Oregon,  Nevada,  Colorado  and  the 
Territories,  1st  premium,  $75. 

Best  exhibit  of  butter  packed  for  warm  climate,  1st  premium,  $7i. 

P.  G.  HENDERSON,  CENTRAL  CITY. 

Second  premium  for  above,  $50. 

NORTHEASTERN  IOWA  DAIRYMEN'S  ASSOCIATION. 

Largest  and  best  display  of  butter  by  any  association,  board  of  trade  or 
produce  exchange,  if  manufactured  by  members  thereof,  1st  premium,  $800. 

WM.  BEARD  &  SON,  DECORAH. 

Largest  and  best  display  of  butter  by  any  individual  manufacturer,  1st 
premium  and  $100. 

MRS.  J.  A.  HENDERSON,  MANCHESTER. 

Best  dairy  butter  made  in  September  or  October,  1st  premium  and  $75. 
Best  creamery  butter,  November  or  December,  2d  premium  and  $75. 

MRS.  CHARLES  QRIDLEY,  ONSLOW, 

Best  dairy  butter,  November  or  December  make,  1st  premium,  and  $75. 

WATSON    CHILDS,  MANCHESTER. 

Second  premium  of  above,  $50. 

8.  J.  BLACK,  FULTON. 

Third  premium  of  above,  $25. 

THE  PRINCIPAL  EXHIBITORS. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  principal  exhibitors  from  Iowa: 
Diamond  Creamery  Company,  butter,  Monticello. 
Northwestern  Iowa  Dairymen's  Association. 


76  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

Wm.  Beard  &  Son,  butter,  Decorah. 

Sharon  Cheese  Manufactory,  Iowa  City. 

Buena  Vista  Creamery  Co.,  butter,  Storm  Lake. 

G.  B.  Lawson,  creamery  butter,  Traer. 

J.  B.  Gitchell  &  Co.,  creamery  butter,  Walker. 

P.  G.  Henderson,  creamery  butter,  Central  City. 

J.  W.  Brazelton;  dairy  products,  Prairieburg. 

Mrs.  J.  A.  Henderson,  dairy  butter,  Central  City. 

Mrs.  W.  A.  Stevens,  Oskaloosa. 

8.  J.  Black,  Fulton. 

M.  Gilchrist,  Center  Point. 

Mrs.  Charles  Gridley,  dairy  butter,  Onslow. 

P.  O.  Biley,  creamery  butter,  Lawler. 

Union  Creamery  Co.,  West  Union. 

Washington  Childs,  butter,  Manchester. 

L.  Pilkington,  creamery  butter,  Springdale. 

S.  J.  Edmonds,  dairy  butter,  Manchester. 

G.  W.  DeLong,  creamery  butter,  Butterville. 

J.  Clarke,  dairy  butter,  Kasson. 

J .  B.  Dunham,  creamery  butter,  Monticello. 

Mrs.  M.  J.  Griffin,  creamery  butter,  Iowa  City. 

A.  F.  Bingham,  creamery  butter,  Jessup. 

Clinton  Creamery  Co.,  creamery  butter,  Clinton, 

W.  C-  Bundle,  factory  cheese,  Tripoli. 

In  conclusion,  Superintendent  Huston  says:  "Our  State  secured 
also  over  one  half  of  the  minor  premiums  offered  in  this  department, 
and  the  impression  made  by  our  display  was  so  favorable  that  large 
contracts  for  future  delivery  were  made  by  southern  merchants  for 
Iowa  dairy  products,  thus  absolutely  creating  a  market  for  this  great 
staple  of  Iowa  production.  I  would  say  in  conclusion,  that  owing  to 
causes  not  here  explainable,  the  premiums  offered  have  not  been  paid, 
and,  as  you  are  aware,  the  expenses  to  the  Commission,  of  which  you  are 
the  head,  of  collecting  and  shipping  this  display  to  New  Orleans,  and 
the  care  of  the  same  after  reaching  the  Exposition,  was  not  only  a 
serious  drain  on  the  resources  at  your  command,  but  is  bearing 
heavily  upon  the  few  public-spirited  citizens  that  are  as  yet  standing 
in  the  gap  between  the  necessary  expenses  incurred  and  an  appropri- 
ation from  the  general  fund  of  the  State,  for  that  which  in  its  result 
must  benefit  everybody  in  the  State,  by  increasing  the  material  pros- 
perity of  all." 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


THE  GEOLOGICAL  SECTION 

was  under  the  superintendence  of  Mr.  S.  Calvin,  Professor  of  Natu- 
ral Science,  Iowa  State  University,  and  constituted  a  most  interesting 
and  instructive  feature  in  the  display  of  the  resources  of  the  State. 
The  rocky  deposits  of  Iowa  afford  a  means  of  employment  to  a  large 
number  of  men  in  the  various  quarries.  Excellent  building  stone 
can  be  found  within  easy  reach  over  two-thirds  of  the  area  of  Iowa. 
A  complete  list  of  the  exhibit  would  not  be  possible  in  this  connect- 
ion, but  a  fair  idea  of  it  can  be  obtained  when  it  is  stated  that  the 
following  formations  of  the  State  were  represented  by  numerous 
specimens.  Prof.  Calvin,  in  his  report  to  the  Commission,  says  : 

PEOF.  CALVIN'S  REPOET. 

The  geological  formations  of  Iowa  include  a  measurably  complete  series, 
reaching  from  the  Cambrian  or  Primordial  to  the  latest  Quaternary.  It  is 
true  there  are  no  Tertiary  rocks  within  the  State,  but  apart  from  that  every 
other  geological  age  has  representative  strata.  Indeed,  if  we  include  the 
detached  fragments  of  strata  that  are  scattered  up  and  down  the  State  in 
the  form  of  transported  boulders,  our  series  would  reach  back  to  pre-Cam- 
brian  formations,  and  include  representatives  of  nearly  all  the  strata  of  the 
Archaean. 

THE  SIOUX  QUAKTZITE. 

A  red,  jasper-like  rock,  of  extreme  hardness,  occupying  a  small  area  in 
the  northwestern  corner  of  the  State,  and  known  as  the  Sioux  Quartzite,  is 
placed  by  Dr.  White  at  the  base  of  the  svstem  of  rocks  in  Iowa.  Dr.  White 
with  good  reason  regards  the  Sioux  Quartzite  as  older  than  the  Cambrian 
or  Primordial  strata  of  northeastern  Iowa,  and  so  refers  it  to  Archaean 
time.  On  the  other  hand,  Prof.  WinchelJ,  of  Minnesota,  after  extensive 
and  careful  study  of  the  various  phases  assumed  by  the  lower  portions  of 
the  Primordial  series,  regards  it  as  the  equivalent  of  the  Potsdam  Sandstone, 
a  formation  exposed  at  and  near  Lansing,  in  Allamakee  county,  Iowa,  and 
developed  to  the  thickness  of  a  thousand  feet  or  more  in  the  adjacent  parts 
of  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota.  In  this  paper,  therefore,  no  attempt  is  made 
to  fix  the  precise  stratigraphical  relations  of  the  Sioux  Quartzite.  Happily, 
the  relations  one  to  another  of  all  the  remaining  formations  of  the  State 
may  be  easily  determined  by  direct  observation. 

So  far  as  Iowa  is  concerned  the  Sioux  Quartzite  is  a  rock  of  small  econom- 


Yg  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

ical  importance.  The  ledges  are  quarried  to  a  limited  extent  for  local  user 
and  quartzite  boulders  are  scattered  more  or  less  plentifully  over  the  coun- 
ties to  the  south  and  southeast  for  a  distance  of  fifty  or  even  a  hundred 
miles. 

THE  POTSDAM  SANDSTONE. 

Lying  at  the  very  base  of  the  system  of  rocks  in  eastern  Iowa,  occurs  a 
ieries  of  strata  somewhat  variable  in  character,  but  all  more  or  less  com- 
pletely arenaceous,  and  known  collectively  as  the  Potsdam  Sandstone.  Lan- 
sing may  be  taken  as  the  typical  locality  for  this  State.  At  this  point  the 
sandstone  is  exposed  in  the  bluffs  to  a  height  of  250  to  300  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  Mississippi  river,  while  borings  for  artesian  wells  show  that  it 
descends  below  the  same  level  to  a  depth  of  about  700  feet.  A  considerable 
proportion  of  the  Potsdam  sandstone  is  coarse  and  friable,  disintegrating  on 
•light  abrasion  or  pressure  into  sharp,  incoherent  grains  of  sand.  At  Lan- 
sing, a  few  thin  layers  of  finer  texture,  containing  a  small  amount  of  cal- 
cium carbonate  as  a  cementing  material,  retain  impressions  of  the  queer, 
old-fashioned  trilobites  that  inhabited  the  primordial  seas;  but  with  these 
exceptions,  the  exposed  strata  in  Iowa  are  destitute  of  signs  of  ancient  life. 

From  an  economical  standpoint  the  Potsdam  sandstone  has  little  or  no 
value.  The  area  it  occupies  is  very  small,  since  it  is  confined  to  the  lower 
portions  of  the  river  bluffs  in  the  extreme  northeastern  corner  of  the  State. 

THE  LOWER  MAGNESIAN  LIMESTONE. 

This  formation  lies  directly  on  the  Potsdam  sandstone,  and  caps  all  the 
bluffs  in  the  vicinity  of  Lansing.  It  is  a  buff  or  cream -colored,  heavy-bed- 
ded limestone,  attaining  a  maximum  thickness  of  250  feet.  For  01  dinary 
foundations  and  other  coarse  masonry  it  affords  excellent  material,  while 
the  lime  produced  from  it  is  of  superior  quality.  A  short  distance  south 
and  west  of  Lansing,  the  lower  Magnesian  limestone  passes  beneath. 

THE  ST.  PETER'S  SANDSTONE. 

This  sandstone  is  very  loose  and  incoherent.  Its  thickness  does  not  ex- 
ceed eighty  feet.  It  is  not  exposed  as  a  surface  rock  over  any  considerable 
area  in  Iowa,  although  it  determines  some  of  the  features  of  the  Mississippi 
river  bluffs  as  far  south  as  Specht's  ferry.  Two  miles  south  of  McGregor  it 
may  be  seen  in  the  face  of  the  bluff  lying  between  the  lower  Magnesian 
limestone  at  the  base  and  the  Trenton  limestone  near  the  summit.  At  this 
point  it  is  fantastically  streaked  and  banded  with  iron  oxides,  and  is  locally 
known  as  "  the  pictured  rocks." 

The  Trenton  limestone  rests  directly  on  the  St.  Peter's  sandstone.  In  its 
typical  layers  it  is  a  blue,  sometimes  varying  to  gray,  fine  grained  limestone^ 
affording  building  stones  that  are  unexcelled  for  durability.  It  constitutes 
a  conspicuous  feature  of  the  Mississippi  river  bluffs  from  above  McGregor 
to  near  Eagle  Point,  Dubuque,  and  occurs  as  the  surface  rock  over  all  or 
part  of  the  counties  of  Allamakee,  Howard,  Winneshiek,  Fayette,  and 
Clayton.  The  Trenton  limestone  is  interesting  to  the  scientist  on  account 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  79 

of  the  number  and  beauty  of  the  fossil  remains  inclosed  in  some  of  its 
strata.  Here  occur  the  oldest  types  of  life  that  have  been  preserved  in  any 
degree  of  perfection  within  the  limits  of  the  State.  The  old  Potsdam  trilo- 
bites  are  few  and  fragmentary,  and  their  structural  characters  are  very  ob- 
scure. In  the  Trenton  we  find  countless  multitudes  of  organic  remains, 
literally  crowded  together,  and  retaining  in  absolute  perfection  every  struc- 
tural feature  even  to  the  minutest  detail.  Owing  to  the  slight  southerly  or 
southwesterly  dip  the  strata  pass  successively  below  the  level  of  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  and  so  just  above  Dubuque  the  Trenton  limestone  disappears 
from  view. 

The  Galena  limestone  is  a  coarse,  vesicular,  heavy-bedded,  buff-colored, 
Magnesiao  limestone  that  lies  directly  on  the  Trenton.  It  occurs  in  the  up- 
per portions  of  the  bluffs  for  some  distance  above  Dubuque,  while  just  at 
Dubuque  it  makes  up  the  entire  bluff  from  base  to  summit.  Rich  deposits 
of  lead  ore—  Galenite— occur  in  the  caves  and  crevices  of  the  Galena  lime- 
stone. The  Galena  limestone  affords  excellent  material  for  heavy  masonry; 
and  the  Dubuque  lime,  that  has  long  been  known  with  so  much  favor 
throughout  counties  farther  west,  is  manufactured  from  this  formation. 

The  Hudson  river  shales  of  Hall,  the  Maquoketa  shales  of  White,  are  a 
thin,  unimportant  formation  of  alternating  dark  and  buff  colored  shales 
that  disintegrate  into  clay  on  exposure  to  the  weather.  In  West  Dubuque 
these  shales  are  seen  resting  on  the  Galena  limestone.  Of  no  practical  im- 
portance in  their  typical  locality  on  the  Little  Maquoketa  river,  they  are  yet 
of  great  interest  to  the  geologist.  The  light  colored  layers  are  usually 
crowded  full  of  straight  chambered  shells— Orthoceras — while  the  dark  col- 
ored layers  often  contain  immense  numbers  of  obscure  but  interesting  fos- 
sils known  as  Oraptolites.  Farther  south,  in  Jackson  and  Clinton  counties., 
these  shales  would  supply  unlimited  quantities  of  clay  that  might  be  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  glazed  tiles  and  coarser  pottery. 

THE  NIAGARA  LIMESTONE. 

All  the  formations  thus  far  enumerated  belong  to  the  lower  silurian  aye. 
The  Niagara  limestone  is  the  first,  and  indeed  the  only,  representative  we 
have  in  Iowa  of  the  upper  silurmn.  This  formation  is  one  of  great  econom- 
ical importance.  It  attains  an  estimated  thickness  of  350  feet.  It  occupies 
a  much  larger  area  than  all  the  formations  previously  enumerated  put 
together.  The  best  lime  in  the  world  is  manufactured  from  it,  and  it 
furnishes  the  finest  building  stone  to  be  found  in  all  the  great  northwest. 
A  large  proportion  of  the  layers  are  suitable  only  for  coarse  masonry,  but 
at  Anamosa,  Mt.  Vernon,  Farley,  Epworth,  Hopkinton,  Postville,  and 
numerous  localities  where  quarries  have  not  yet  been  properly  developed, 
the  Niagara  is  uniform  in  texture,  finely  and  evenly  bedded,  inexhaustible 
in  quantity,  and  for  hundreds  of  years  will  be  the  source  whence  supplies 
for  the  erection  of  the  most  elaborate  structures  in  Iowa,  and  all  the  States 
adjacent  will  be  drawn. 

The  Hamilton  limestones  and  shales  constitute  an  assemblage  of  strata 


8()  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

that  differ  greatly  among  themselves  in  respect  to  lithological  characters. 
They  are  the  only  representatives  in  Iowa  of  the  Devonian  age.  Their  posi- 
tion with  us  is  immediately  above  the  Niagara,  while  geographically  they 
occupy  an  area  embracing  all  or  part  of  Howard,  Mitchell,  Chickasaw, 
Cerro  Gordo,  Floyd,  Fayette,  Bremer,  Butler,  Black  Hawk,  Buchanan,  Linn, 
Benton,  Johnson,  Cedar,  Scott,  and  Muscatine  counties. 

Near  the  base  of  the  Hamilton  series  is  a  bed  of  carbonaceous  shale,  the 
dark  color  of  which  has  led  many  an  uninstructed  quarryman  into  expen- 
sive but  delusive  search  for  coal.  In  its  northern  exposures,  particularly  in 
Floyd  and  Cerro  Gordo  counties,  the  series  is  terminated  by  about  seventy 
feet  of  pure  clay  shales,  and  near  Rockford,  in  Floyd  county,  the  disinte- 
grated strata  of  this  last  deposit  has  been  put  to  valuable  use  in  the  manu- 
facture of  brick. 

The  limestone  portions  of  the  Hamilton  serve  an  excellent  purpose  in 
supplying  local  demands  in  all  the  regions  over  which  this  formation  is  dis- 
tributed; but  it  may  be  said  in  general  that  both  the  building  stone,  and  the 
lime  obtained  from  Hamilton  strata  are  inferior  in  value  when  compared 
with  the  splendid  products  of  the  Niagara,  and  it  is  not  likely  that  they  will 
ever  attain  commercial  importance.  A  partial  exception  to  the  last  state- 
ment maybe  made  in  favor  of  the  superior  stone  and  lime  produced  from 
Hamilton  strata  at  Mason  City,  while  the  North  Bend  quarries  of  Johnson 
county  have  long  been  noted  for  furnishing  building  stone  unexcelled  in  du- 
rability and  other  desirable  qualities. 

THE  SUB-CARBONIFEROUS  FORMATIONS. 

The  Devonian  formation  is  followed  by  a  group  of  very  variable  strata, 
consisting  of  different  grades  of  sandstones  and  limestones,  with  occasional 
flinty  layers  and  shally  partings,  the  whole  attaining  a  thickness  of  more 
than  500  feet.  This  group  constitutes  the  sub-carboniferous  division  of  the 
carboniferous  age,  and  is  readily  divisible  into  at  least  four  sub-groups—the 
Kinderhook,  Burlington,  Keokuk,  and  St  Louis— representing  as  many  very 
distinct  epochs  in  geological  history.  The  Kinderhook  is  seen  resting  on 
the  Hamilton  in  Muscatine  county,  and  from  there  it  extends  in  the  river 
bluffs  as  far  south  as  Burlington.  The  widely  known  oolitic  and  "Iowa 
marble"  quarries  of  Marshall  county  belong  to  the  Kinderhook,  and  to  the 
same  horizon  must  be  referred  the  splendid  oolites  of  Humboldt  county. 
The  Burlington  limestones  are  finely  developed  at  Burlington  and  in  the 
regions  adjacent.  They  include  the  limestores  about  Columbus  Junction, 
in  Louisa  county,  and  are  found  overlying  the  Kinderhook  as  far  north  as 
Tama  county.  The  Burlington  limestones  are  peculiar  in  that  they  are  com- 
posed almost  wholly  of  the  broken  and  comminuted  remains  of  crinoids, 
while  beautifully  preserved  specimens  of  these  interesting,  lily-like  animals 
are  the  most  common  and  characteristic  fossils.  The  Keokuk  limestones 
ar«>  exposed  near  the  city  of  Keokuk,  but  they  are  found  capping  the  hills  a 
few  miles  south  and  west  of  Burlington,  and  thence  extend  on  into  Mis- 
souri. The  St.  Louis  limestone  crops  out  at  many  places,  principally  in  the 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  g} 

valley  of  the  Des  Moines  river.  It  lies  just  beneath  the  coal-bearing  strata 
of  the  carboniferous,  and  is  seen  near  Ottumwa,  Oskaloosa,  and  Pella, 
while  its  most  northern  exposure,  so  far  as  I  now  remember,  is  at  the  mouth 
of  Lizard  creek  near  Fort  Dodge.  Each  of  these  divisions  supplies  con- 
siderable areas  with  necessary  materials  for  building. 

The  coal  measures  occupy  a  large  area  in  central,  southern,  and  south- 
western Iowa.  They  constitute  one  of  the  most  important  geological  form- 
ations, their  chief  claim  to  consideration  resting  on  the  inexhaustible  stores 
of  coal  that  are  included  at  different  heights  between  the  rocky  layers. 
The  coal  product  of  Iowa  will  be  discussed  by  Captain  Head,  so  that  it  re- 
mains for  me  only  to  say  that  the  coal  measures,  in  common  with  the  other 
geological  formations,  furnish  in  many  localities  most  desirable  stone  for 
building  purposes.  Limestones  prevail  in  the  upper  part  of  the  Carbon- 
iferous series,  and  are  utilized  extensively  in  Madison,  Montgomery,  Tay- 
lor, Page,  and  other  southwestern  counties.  The  Upper  Coal  Measure  lime- 
stone furnish  beautiful  series  of  fossils,  illustrating  the  animal  life  of  the 
Carboniferous  seas,  while  the  delicate  ferns  and  curiously  sculptured  trees, 
whose  remains  occur  associated  with  the  beds  of  coal,  throw  light  upon  the 
character  of  terrestial  vegetation  during  the  coal  period. 

THE  GYPSUM  BEDS. 

Overlying  the  coal  in  Webster  county  are  immense  beds  of  white  and  gray 
gypsum,  that  are  already  beginning  to  take  rank  as  deposits  of  great  com- 
mercial importance.  These  beds  furnish  material  for  the  manufacture  of 
Plaster  of  Paris.  The  rock  itself,  soft  and  easily  cut  into  desired  shapes, 
is  used  as  building  stone,  while  the  Cardiff  Giant  is  one  of  the  well-known 
products  of  these  interesting  deposits. 

The  Cretaceous  Strata  of  Iowa  consist  of  unimportant  sandstones  along 
the  Nishnabotna  river,  followed  by  a  group  of  sandstones  and  shales  which 
attain  their  best  development  in  Woodbury  and  Plymouth  counties.  In 
their  present  situation  and  condition  the  Cretaceous  deposits  are  but  the 
remnants  of  strata  that  were  once  widely  distributed  in  the  northern  and 
western  parts  of  the  State;  the  agents  of  erosion  and  denudation  have  done 
their  work  on  all  the  rest. 

The  fossil  remains  in  the  Cretaceous  strata  of  Iowa  show  that  at  the  time 
the  deposits  were  making,  the  willow,  sassafras,  and  other  trees  of  modern 
aspect,  grew  along  the  shores,  while  sharks  and  bony  fishes,  not  unlike  the 
present  forms,  lived  in  the  sea. 

THE  QUARTENARY  DEPOSITS. 

Spread  all  over  the  older  strata,  and  in  large  portions  of  the  State  effect- 
ually concealing  them,  are  deposits  of  relatively  recent  time,  to  which  the 
name  Drift  has  been  applied.  The  Drift  embraces  the  surface  clays,  sands, 
gravels,  etc.,  and  to  peculiarities  and  modifications  of  the  Drift  we  are  in- 
debted for  whatever  is  characteristic  of  the  soils  of  Iowa.  From  an  econom- 
ical point  of  view  this  last  deposit  transcends  all  the  rest. 
11 


82  WOBLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

The  coal  and  building  stones  of  Iowa  are  of  incalculable  value;  but  the 
chief  source  of  wealth  in  our  young  State,  the  real  springs  of  her  marvelous 
development  in  the  past,  and  of  the  progress  we  may  reasonably  expect  in 
the  future,  are  to  be  found  in  her  exceptionally  fertile  soil.  But  here  I 
trench  on  the  province  of  the  Superintendent  of  Agriculture.  The  geolo- 
gists, however,  may  be  allowed  to  say  that  the  soil  of  Iowa  is  nowhere 
wholly  dependent  upon  the  nature  of  the  underlying  rocks.  Every  portion 
of  the  surface  deposit  has  been  transported  from  a  distance,  sometimes 
from  a  very  great  distance,  and  every  geological  formation,  from  the  oldest 
Archaean  to  the  Cretaceous,  has  contributed  something  to  make  the  soil 
what  it  is. 

Streams  and  other  agents  have  modified  the  original  surface  and  sorted 
the  materials  of  the  Drift,  while  rank  crops  of  vegetation  from  year  to  year 
have  contributed  organic  matter.  The  diversified  characters  of  our  soil,  as 
seen  in  the  alluvial  valleys,  sandy  loams,  clay  covered  slopes,  and  gravelly 
hills,  are  the  product  of  a  multitude  of  forces. 


THE  EXHIBIT. 

The  Geological  Exhibit,  displayed  in  large  glass  case,  comprised : 

1st.  Specimens  of  rock  from  the  geological  formations  of  the 
State. 

2d.  Very  full  smites  of  fossils,  illustrating  the  ancient  life  of  the 
State. 

3d.  Building  stone.  These  were  represented  by  cubes  of  various 
sizes  and  cut  on  the  several  faces  so  as  to  show  different  modes 
of  dressing. 

4th.     Brick  and  brick  clays. 

5th.     Drain  tiles  and  the  clays  used  in  their  manufacture. 

6th.     Pottery  and  potters'  clays. 

7th.  Crystals  of  the  ordinary  rock-forming  minerals,  silicious  and 
calcareous  geodes,  etc. 

8th.  Lead  and  zinc  ores  and  associated  minerals,  from  the  Du- 
buque  lead  field. 

So  far  as  the  several  subjects  here  enumerated  are  concerned  they 
were  all  represented  with  sufficient  fullness  to  show  very  clearly  the 
resources  of  the  State,  above  described,  the  material  being  arranged 
with  a  view  to  illustrating  its  scientific  as  well  as  its  economical  im- 
portance. The  larger  part  of  the  collection  of  Iowa  fossils  was 
furnished  from  the  private  cabinet  of  the  Superintendent.  For  valu- 
able assistance  and  hearty  cooperation  thanks  and  acknowledgments 
are  due  as  follows: 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


sa 


CONTRIBUTIONS  MADE. 


CONTRIBUTORS  . 

RESIDENCE. 

CONTRIBUTIONS. 

W.  L.  Aten  

Hamburg  
Humboldt  

Collection  of  rocks,  etc.,  made   by 
pupils  of  Hamburg  High  School. 
Specimens  of  rock  from  Kinderhook 
beds. 
Assistance  in  labeling  collections. 
Rocks  from  Kinderhook  beds. 
Rocks,  clays,  pottery 
Sand  from  St.  Peter's  sandstone,  ar- 
tistically arranged  in  large  bottles. 
Fossils  from  St.  Louis  limestone,  col- 
lected by  pupils  of  public  schools 
of  Pella. 
Fossils  from  Niagara  limestone. 
Fossils  and  rock  specimens  from  the 
Hamilton  limestones. 
Niagara  fossils. 
Fossils,  building   stones,  lime,  etc., 
from  the  N  iagara  limestone. 
Splendid  specimen  of  native  copper 
from  the  drift  deposits. 
Niagara  fossils. 
Niagara  fossils. 
Building  stone  and  fossils  from  the 
Niagara  limestone,  brick,  clays,  etc. 
Stone  vase  made  from  rock  furnished 
by  the  Champion  Quarries. 
Fossils  and  building  stones  from  the 
Burlington  limestones. 
Specimens  from  the  St.  Peter's  sand- 
stone and  Trenton  limestone. 
Fossils,  rocks,  clays,  bricks,  etc.,  the 
fossils  and  rock  specimens  being 
from  the  St.  Louis  limestone  and 
the  coal  measures. 
Aid  in  classification. 
Specimens  of  rocks. 
Ores  of  lead  and  zinc  and  associated 
minerals. 
Very  fine  specimens  of  lead  ore  (Ga- 
lenite). 
Tile  and  brick. 
Carboniferous  rocks. 
Personal  assistance  in  preparing  col- 
lections for  shipment. 
Carboniferous  fossils. 
Carboniferous  fossils. 
Carboniferous  fossils. 
Fossils,  rocks,  and  building  stones. 
Fossils,  rock  and  lime  from  Niagara* 
limestone. 
Building  stone  and  potters'  clay. 
Specimens  of  the  Sioux  quartzite. 
Devonian  fossils. 

0.  H.  Bissel  

Alice  B.  Calvin 

Iowa  City  

L.  L.  Cassidy  

Dakota  City  .  .  . 
Des  Moines  .  .  . 
McGregor 

C.  H.  Clarke    

A.  Clemens  
Prof  C.  C.  Cory  .     .  . 

Pella  

Mrs.  Jas.  Davidson.  . 
D.  8.  Deering  

J.G.  Diffemderfer... 
Prof.  C.  C.  Dudley.  .  . 

Col.  W.  S.  Dungan  .  . 
Dr.  A.  V.  Eaton.  .  .  . 

Monticello  

Independence  . 

Hopkinton.  ... 
Maquoketa  

Ch&riton    .     .  . 

Anamosa     .  .  . 

Dr.  P.  J.  Farnsworth 
Dr.  J.  Gamble  

J.  A.  Green  

Clinton  

LeClaire  

Stone  City  
Columbus  City. 
McGregor  

Samuel  Helmick  

A.  F.  Hofer  ,  

Dr.  D.  A.  Hoffman.  . 

Prof.  T.  H.  McBride. 
Dr.  C.  M.McBride... 

JaTP6S  MftRrfdft  

Oskaloosa  

Iowa  City  
Rock  Valley  .  .  . 
Dubuque  

T.  E.  Moser  

Dubuque  
Olin  

Olin  Tile  &  Brick  Co. 
B.  F.  Osborne  

Rippy  

Dr.  J.  L.  Pickard.  .  .  . 
R.  Posten  

Iowa  City  

Villisca.  . 

Mrs.  "Rir.hards  

Red  Oak  

Cora  Rynearson  
State  University  .... 
L.  W.  Stuart  

Red  Oak  

Iowa  City  
Monmouth  

Red  Oak  

C.  W.  Snyder  

J.  K.  P.  Thompson.. 
Ed.  F.  Vincent.  . 

Rock  Rapids.  .  . 
Mason  Citv.  . 

84 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 
CONTRIBUTIONS  MADE— CONTINUED. 


CONTRIBUTORS. 

RESIDENCE. 

CONTRIBUTIONS. 

Prof  C.  B.  Van  Slyke 

Dubuque  

Fossils  from  Trenton  limestone,  Ga- 

Chas. Wachsmuth... 
Clement  L  Webster 

Burlington  
Rockford 

lena  limestone,  Maquoketa  shales, 
stalactites  from  lead  caves,  etc. 
Specimens  of  rocks  from  the  subcar- 
boniferous  strata  near  Burlington. 
Devonian  fossils. 

Wilkes  Williams     . 

Postville  

Fine  cube  of  building  stone. 

Supt  S.  Jfi  Wilson 

Clarinda  

Rocks  from  the  upper  coal  measures. 

Prof.  C.  M.  Wirick  !  .' 
Prof.  F.  M.  Witter  .  . 

Marshalltown.  . 
Museatine  

Rocks  and  fossils  from  the  Kinder- 
hook  beds. 
Devonian  and  Carboniferous  fossils. 

B.  Shimek  of  Iowa  City,  and  F.  M.  Witter  of  Museatine,  con- 
tributed very  fine  and  complete  collections  of  the  land  and  fresh- 
water shells  of  Iowa. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


THE  COAL  SECTION. 


The  importance  and  extent  of  the  coal  interests  in  Iowa  led  the 
Commission  to  make  it  a  separate  department,  and  in  its  charge  was 
placed  Capt.  Albert  Head,  of  Jefferson,  a  gentleman  interested  in  the 
coal  industry.  Concerning  the  coal  of  Iowa,  it  was  the  intent  of  the 
gentleman  to  make  an  exhibit  fully  illustrative  of  the  following  para- 
graph from  Bushnell's  "  Iowa's  Resources  and  Industries." 

IOWA    COAL   FIELDS. 

No  territory  of  equal  extent  in  the  United  States  contains  more  coal  (bitu- 
minous though  in  some  places  cannel  coal  is  found),  suitable  for  all  purposes, 
than  Iowa,  and  this  fact  has  done  much  towards  promoting  the  development 
of  our  resources,  as  commerce  and  manufactures  could  not  have  reached 
their  present  prosperity  but  for  the  abundance  of  this  useful  mineral.  The 
various  geological  surveys  have  made  known  the  great  extent  of  our  coal 
deposits,  which  are  most  wonderful,  being  practically  inexhaustible.  The 
coal  beds  of  the  State  are  divided  into  three  sections,  known  as  the  upper, 
middle  and  lower  measures  of  the  State,  the  latter  producing  the  better 
quality  of  coal  for  all  purposes.  The  veins  vary  in  thickness  from  three  to 
seven  feet,  although  coal  has  been  found  even  eleven  feet  thick,  but  this  is 
rare.  The  extent  of  the  coal-field,  as  far  as  has  been  ascertained,  embraces 
an  area  of  about  16,000  square  miles,  of  which  the  most  accessible  portion  is 
included  in  a  district  about  fifty  miles  in  width  and  one  hundred  and  sev: 
enty-five  miles  in  length,  extending  along  both  sides  of  the  Des  Moines 
river  from  Fort  Dodge  in  Webster  county  through  Des  Moines  in  Polk 
county,  to  Keokuk  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  State.  The  coal  is  found 
at  a  depth  of  from  one  hundred  and  fifty  to  five  hundred  feet.  The  coal  in- 
terest is  assuming  vast  proportions,  and  bids  fair  soon  to  equal  any  of  the 
leading  industries  of  the  State.  By  means  of  our  admirable  network  of 
railroads  our  coal  fields  are  easily  accessible  from  every  part  of  the  State 
and  in  addition  to  the  large  amount  required  for  home  consumption,  large 
shipments  are  made  to  other  States,  so  that  our  coal  fields  are  a  source  of 
great  wealth  in  Iowa. 

Superintendent  Head  sent  an  earnest  appeal  to  each  of  the  mines 
in  Iowa,  but  owing  to  the  lateness  of  the  season  and  other  causes,  the 
responses  in  the  shape  of  exhibits  were  very  few.  The  specimens 
exhibited,  however,  gave  a  fair  idea  of  the  quality  of  Iowa  coal.  For 
some  of  the  best  specimens,  including  some  excellent  pieces  of  build- 
ing stone,  the  exhibit  is  indebted  to  Mr.  C.  W.  Snyder,  of  Mont- 
gomery county. 


•86 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


COLORED  EXHIBIT. 


It  was  the  desire  of  the  Board  of  Management  to  have  the  Expo- 
sition in  every  sense  a  "  World's,"  and  to  such  end  was  sought  the 
exhibits  illustrating  the  progress  in  the  arts  and  sciences  made  by 
the  colored  people.  The  entire  northern  gallery  of  the  Government 
and  State  Building  was  devoted  to  this  display.  Iowa  was  most 
ably  represented  there  by  the  fine  exhibits  collected  and  installed  by 
Hon.  Alexander  Clark,  the  Superintendent  of  that  department. 


THB    DISPLAY. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  EXHIBITS. 


Wax  cross 

Two  water  lilies,  oil  painting 

Fine   linen  thread   handkerchief, 

worked  by  hand 

Two    iron    horseshoes    and    five 

wrought  nails 

Calico  quilt 

Fine  thread- worked  handkerchief. 
Coal  from  Davis  county  coal 

Eleven  bottles  of  medicine 

One  dozen  bottles  of  disinfector. . . 

Lambrequins 

Three  lambrequins 

Tidy  and  lambrequins 

Table  spread  and  wall  pocket 

Tidy 

Two  maps  of  world 

Calico  quilt,  made  at  the  age  of  80 

years 

Two  horseshoes 

"T"draintile 

Two  joints  of  tile 

Tidy  side-board  cover 

Wax  flowers 

Mats  and  embroidery  work 

One  jar  of  fruit 

Tidy  work 

Fancy  tidy  work 

Fancy  tidy  work 

Fine  silk  quilt 

Lace  and  hair  chain 

Lace  work . . 

>  ancy  work 


NAME  OF  EXHIBITOR. 


P.  O.  ADDRESS. 


Miss  S.  A.  Bassfleld 
Miss  Fannie  Barnes  . . 


Mrs.  Lida  Haney 


Mr.  Joseph  Carr. . 
Mrs.  Emma  Reed. 
Mrs  Lizzie  Carr  . 
mines  Alexander  Clark. . 


Mrs.  E.  Duffin,  M.  D 

Mr.  C.  Taylor 

Matilda  Busey 

Miss  M.  A.  Ford 

Miss  Sarah  Ford 

Mrs.  Virginia  Walker  . . 

Mrs.  Dora  Garland 

Robert  Payne 


Mrs.  Rachel  Rogers 

Jefferson  Maish 

Mr.  Guss  Conley 

E.  E.  Comley  Bros 

Mrs.  J.  T.  Blagburn.... 

Mrs.  Abby  Payne 

Mrs.  T.  E.  Williamson  . 

Mrs.  Mary  Wilson 

Mrs.  J.  H.  Poindexter. . 

Mrs.  Bell  Jimison 

Miss  Dora  Sims 

Mrs.  N.  R.  Vanottworth 
Miss  Minnie  Greenwood 
Miss  Ida  Washington  . . 
Miss  Delia  Washington. 


Muscatine. 
Muscatine. 

Muscatine. 

Muscatine. 

Muscatine. 

Muscatine. 

Muscatine. 

Dubuque. 

Dubuque. 

Davenport. 

Davenport. 

Davenport. 

Davenport. 

Davenport. 

Davenport. 

Davenport. 
Des  Moines. 
Des  Moines. 
Des  Moines. 
Des  Moines. 
Des  Moines. 
Des  Moines. 
Des  Moines. 
Des  Moines. 
Oskaloosa. 
Oskaloosa. 
Iowa  City. 
Cedar  Rapids. 
Cedar  Rapids. 
Cedar  Rapids. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER 


HORTICULTURAL. 


In  June,  1884,  at  the  request  of  the  Commissioner,  the  State  Hor- 
ticultural Society  designated  Col.  G.  B.  Brackett,  of  Denmark,  to 
make  a  horticultural  display  at  the  Exposition.  Mr.  Henry  Strohm, 
of  Iowa  City,  the  Treasurer  of  the  Society,  was  appointed  an  alternate. 
Col.  Brackett' s  experience  at  Philadelphia,  where  he  secured  the  gold 
medal  for  Iowa  apples,  was  ample  guarantee  that  he  would  fill 
his  new  position  successfully. 

AID    FBOM    HORTICULTURAL   SOCIETY. 

The  Society  also  very  generously  appropriated  six  hundred  dollars 
to  enable  Col.  Brackett  to  make  the  desired  display,  with  the  under- 
standing that  the  Iowa  Commission  contemplated,  and  soon  after- 
ward formed,  should  lend  all  possible  aid.  The  Commission  provided 
the  expense  of  gathering  the  exhibit,  amounting  to  $198.61  ($42  of 
the  amount  yet  unpaid)  and  the  transportation  of  the  display  to  New 
Orleans,  but  at  a  meeting  of  the  officers  of  the  Horticultural  Society 
and  the  Commission  in  New  Orleans,  it  was  agreed  that  the  Society, 
through  Col.  Brackett,  should  install  and  maintain  the  exhibit  in 
Horticultural  Hall  out  of  the  $600  they  had  appropriated,  and  be 
entitled  to  the  money  received  for  premiums.  The  maintenance  of 
the  fine  display  of  apples  on  the  State  space  was  to  be  looked  after 
by  Col.  Brackett.  This  was  a  satisfactory  settlement  of  the  matter 
to  all  parties,  the  beautiful  and  complete  showing  made  by  the  super- 
intendent on  the  State  space,  especially  of  his  wax  fruit,  fully  com- 
pensating the  Commission  for  what  money  it  had  expended. 

Superintendent  Brackett  was  most  ably  assisted  in  the  difficult 
work  of  preparing  the  exhibit  by  Mr.  E.  H.  Calkins,  of  Burlington. 

PREMIUMS  SECURED. 

(For  Northern  District  of  the  United  States.) 

Largest  and  best  collection  of  apples  not  exceeding  200  varieties,  awarded 

to  IOWA  STATE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY,  gold  medal  and — $   200.00 

Best  50  varieties,  silver  medal  and. .  75.00 


88  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

Best  25  varieties,  silver  medal  and $     50.00 

A.  J.  Haviland,  Ft.  Dodge. 

Best  plate  American  Golden 5.00 

J.  B.  P.  Day,  Castoria. 

Best  plate  Jonathan 5.00 

Mrs.  M.  A.  McGee,  Council  Bluffs. 

Best  plate  White  Winter  Pearmain 6.00 

B.  G.  Moon,  Bedford. 

Best  plate  Ortley ,         5.00 

Mrs.  C.  C.  Sabin,  State  Center. 

Best  plate  Jeannet 5.00 

H.  C.  Raymond,  Council  Bluffs. 

Best  plate  Peck's  Pleasant 5.00 

Charles  Chickering,  Red  Oak. 

Best  plate  Roman  Beauty 5.00 

T.  E.  Ellitt,  Red  Oak. 

Best  plate  Wagoner 5.00 

George  Turner,  Clarinda. 

Best  plate  Str.  Pippin 6.00 

Best  plate  Roman  Stem 6.00 

Samuel  Row,  Oskaloosa. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  39 


SANITARY   SECTION. 


The  State  Board  of  Health  was  represented  by  an  exhibit,  occupy- 
ing a  wall  space  of  12x23  feet,  on  which  was  displayed  an  elegantly 
executed  and  costly  chart  on  glass,  showing  the  mortality  rate  of  the 
State  for  the  year  1882;  also  six  large  painted  diagrams  showing  the 
mortality  rate  from  various  diseases,  and  comparative  rates  in  a 
novel  and  comprehensive  form  by  curves.  There  was  also  printed 
for  general  distribution  a  pamplet  showing  the  work  of  the  board 
from  its  creation,  and  the  result,  together  with  a  brief  statement  of 
the  topographical  conformation  of  the  State,  its  natural  drainage  and 
conditions  favorable  to  health  or  disease.  Unfortunately  the  entire 
edition  was  in  the  car  which  was  wrecked,  and  very  few  copies  were 
saved.  This  exhibit .  was  under  the  care  of  L.  F.  Andrews,  acting 
secretary  of  the  board,  and  one  of  the  commissioners,  by  whom  it 
was  designed  and  prepared,  and  attracted  much  attention  from  those 
interested  in  sanitary  and  hygienic  matters.  It  was  the.  only  one  of 
the  kind  at  the  Exposition. 


MILLING   SECTION. 


The  success  achieved  for  Iowa  at  the  Millers'  National  Association 
Exposition,  at  Cincinnati,  in  May  and  June  of  1880,  by  Hon.  J.  J. 
Snouffer,  marked  him  as  the  most  desirable  man  to  put  at  the  head 
of  this  section  of  the  Iowa  display  at  the  New  Orleans  Exposition. 
At  Cincinnati  Mr.  Snouffer  presented  one  hundred  and  seventy-five 
different  brands  of  flour,  and  one  hundred  and  eighty-five  varieties 
of  grain  and  seed,  and  upon  this  great  display  the  State  of  Iowa  was 
awarded  the  gold  medal  and  first  premium.  During  the  five  years 
that  had  elapsed  since  this  triumph  of  the  State  in  one  of  her  large 
12 


9Q  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

departments  of  industry,  the  benefits  of  holding  the  high  position 
among  the  States  were  shown  in  the  increase  of  the  number  of  mill- 
ing establishments  in  the  State  and  of  capital  invested  therein.  The 
Iowa  millers  were  urged  to  make  still  better  flour,  the  local  demand 
for  their  goods  was  increased,  and  large  sums  of  money  previously 
sent  out  of  the  State  for  flour  were  kept  at  home. 

Superintendent  Snouffer,  who  is  active  in  the  Millers'  Association 
of  Iowa,  early  enlisted  the  interest  and  co-operation  of  his  brother 
millers,  and  f  succeeded  in  securing  exhibits  of  flour  from  ninety-one 
counties  of  the  State,  representing  two  hundred  and  eighty  mills  and 
three  hundred  and  twenty-one  brands.  Part  of  this  large  display 
was  destroyed  in  the  wreck,  but  Mr.  Snouffer  succeeded  in  getting 
the  greater  part  of  it  in  place.  Upon  a  double  rack  forty  feet  long 
and  twelve  feet  high,  this  display  was  most  artistically  arranged. 
Part  of  the  exhibit  was  from  the  Muscatine  Oat  Meal  Works,  whose 
show  cases  and  goods  were  by  far  the  finest  display  of  the  kind  on 
the  grounds.  No  flour  exhibit  in  the  Exposition  attracted  the  atten- 
tion and  praise  bestowed  upon  that  from  Iowa. 


RAILROAD  SECTION. 


Hon.  E.  G.  Morgan,  superintendent  of  this  department,  contrib- 
uted the  proceedings  of  the  Railroad  Commission  of  Iowa,  maps, 
charts  and  various  interesting  documents.  The  railroad  companies 
operating  lines  in  Iowa  furnished  a  large  amount  of  printed  matter 
maps,  etc.,  that  were  displayed  to  advantage. 

The  Passenger  Agent  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad  supplied  several  thousand  copies  of  a  handsome  book  on 
the  lakes  and  lands  of  northern  Iowa;  especially  Spirit  Lake,  and  the 
country  through  which  this  road  runs.  This  railway  rendered  most 
valuable  and  generous  aid  to  the  Commission,  and  in  this  respect  is 
deserving  of  special  mention. 

The  other  roads  in  the  State  were  also  liberal  in  their  treatment  of 
the  Commission,  and  helped  to  make  this  section  attractive. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  91 


FISH  SECTION. 


It  was  intended  to  include  in  the  Iowa  display  an  exhibit  of  the 
fish  interests  of  the  State,  but  Commissioner  Aldrich,  of  Anamosa, 
and  Superintendent  Mosher,  of  the  Spirit  Lake  hatching-house,  upon 
investigating  the  matter,  decided  that  such  a  display  was  not  practi- 
cable in  view  of  the  limited  funds  at  their  command. 


LIVE  STOCK. 


The  liberal  premium  offered  by  the  Exposition  for  live  stock  en- 
couraged the  many  breeders  of  fine  animals  in  Iowa  to  early  consider 
the  matter  of  making  a  display.  Col.  John  Scott,  of  Story  county, 
was  placed  in  charge  of  this  section  of  the  exhibit,  and  soon  opened 
communication  with  live  stock  raisers  in  all  parts  of  the  State,  and 
with  good  results.  As  the  time  for  shipping  approached,  well- 
founded  reports  gained  currency  as  to  the  danger  of  taking  horses, 
cattle,  etc.,  so  far  south,  and  the  exhibit  contemplated,  upon  confer- 
ence, was  abandoned.  Col.  Scott,  however,  issued  an  interesting  cir- 
cular, giving  a  review  of  the  live  stock  industry  of  Iowa. 

The  State  was  not  without  a  representation  in  this  department,  as 
J.  Murray  Hoag,  of  Maquoketa,  made  an  exhibit  of  Shetland  ponies, 
and  C.  N.  Holmes  &  Co.,  of  Grinnell,  of  swine. 


92  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


PRIVATE  EXHIBITS. 


CLUTE    &    SMITH. 

The  exhibit  of  L.  G.  Clute,  of  Manchester,  and  E.  H.  Smith,  of 
Dubuque,  two  well  known  Iowa  agricultural  exhibitors,  was  certainly 
the  largest  and  finest  of  the  kind  entered  for  competition  in  the 
main  building,  and  their  display  was  accorded  a  large  number  of  first 
premiums  that  still  further  add  to  the  credit  of  Iowa.  Of  their  many 
premiums  are  the  following  : 

Best  bushel  of  barley,  of  any  class,  first  premium $  5.00 

Best  bushel  red  winter  wheat,  first  premium 5.00 

Best  bushel  spring  wheat,  first  premium 5.00 

Best  bushel  winter  rye,  first  premium 5.00 

Best  bushel  white  spring  rye,  first  premium 5.00 

Best  bushel  black  spring  rye,  first  premium &.00 

Best  bushel  black  winter  oats,  first  premium 5.00 

Best  bushel  oats,  any  kind,  first  premium 5.00 

Best  bushel  corn,  first  premium 5.00 

Best  collection  of  potatoes  (Kidney  formed)  Western  States 

or  Territories,  first  premium 10.00 

Best  bushel  of  potatoes,  round  formed,  first  premium 10.00 

Best  bushel  potatoes,  first  premium 10.00 

Best  radishes,  first  premium 3.00 

Best  squashes,  first  premium 4 . . 3.00 

Best  turnips,  first  premium 3.00 

Best  bushel  of  timothy,  first  premium 10.00 

Best  bushel  of  blue  grass,  first  premium  5.00 

Best  bushed  of  clover,  first  premium 5.00 

Best  collection  of  garden  culture,  first  premium 60.00 

Best  exhibition  of  vegetables,  first  premium 5.00 

Best  bushel  red  top,  first  premium 10.00 

Best  bushel  orchard  grass 10.00 

Mr.  Clute  was  also  assistant  superintendent  in  the  agricultural 
section  of  the  State  exhibits,  where  his  knowledge  of  the  work  was 
early  manifested. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  93 


REPORTS  AND  PUBLICATIONS. 


In  addition  to  the  display,  from  Iowa,  which  afforded  a  splendid 
opportunity  for  strangers  to  examine  the  products  and  resources  of 
the  State,  there  was  distributed  many  copies  of  the  reports  of  the 
several  departments  of  the  State  in  Iowa  and  other  literature  bearing 
upon  the  State.  The  State  Board  of  Health,  through  its  secretary, 
L.  F.  Andrews,  issued  a  valuable  pamplet,  and  Superintendent 
Akers,  and  other  members  of  the  Commission  prepared  circulars 
upon  their  departments  that  were  widely  read. 

A  valuable  and  handsome  publication  entitled  the  "  Resources  and 
Products  of  Iowa,"  was  issued  by  Mr.  J.  F.  Bushnell,  secretary  of 
the  Des  Moines  Board  of  Trade,  and  proved  a  valuable  advertisement 
for  the  State.  The  copies  sent .  to  the  Commission  at  New  Orleans 
were  carefully  distributed. 


94  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


IOWA  DAY. 


STATE    CELEBRATIONS. 

A  very  prominent  feature  of  the  Exposition  was  the  observance  of 
certain  days  specially  designated  for  the  purpose  of  recognizing  the 
resources  of  each  State  and  Territory,  by  the  formal  presentation  of 
their  displays  to  the  official  attention  of  the  general  management. 
Each  "  State  Day "  was  selected  by  the  United  States  Commissioner 
for  his  State,  after  due  consultation  with  his  governor  and  brother 
commissioners,  and  was  made  the  occasion  on  which  might  be  favor- 
ably presented  to  the  public  the  peculiar  advantages  enjoyed  by  his 
State  in  the  acquirement  of  desirable  conditions  of  life.  A  special 
order  of  exercises  was  observed  on  these  particular  days;  the  cere- 
monies, consisting  of  addresses  setting  forth  the  resources  and  ma- 
terial prosperity  of  the  State,  made  by  the  United  States  Commis- 
sioner and  distinguished  citizens,  and  the  official  acceptation  on  the 
part  of  the  Exposition  Management  of  the  State  Exhibit  as  a  part  of 
the  general  display.  The  exercises  were  either  held  in  the  vast  Music 
Hall,  or,  as  the  weather  grew  warmer,  beneath  the  branches  of  the 
magnificent  grove  of  live  oaks  close  to  the  Main  Building.  The  ad- 
dresses were  interspersed  with  music,  and  at  their  close  some  small 
article,  appropriately  marked,  was  distributed  among  the  visitors  as  a 
souvenir  of  the  occasion.  Special  invitations  were  extended  to  the 
official  staff  of  the  Exposition,  the  United  States  and  State  Commis- 
sioners, the  Representatives  of  the  United  States,  and  foreign  gov- 
ernments, and  to  distinguished  individuals.  In  many  instances  a 
light  reception  was  prepared  for  the  invited  guests. 

IOWA  DAY. 

The  presence  in  New  Orleans  of  several  hundred  visiting  lowans, 
and  at  Mobile,  Alabama,  of  a  large  contingent  of  the  Iowa  National 
Guard,  whither  they  had  gone  to  participate  in  the  international  mil- 
itary drills,  determined^the  selection  of  May  13, 1885, as  "Iowa Day," 
ana  the  following  programme  of  exercises  was  accordingly  arranged: 


EEPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  95 

PROGRAMME. 

9:30  A.  M. — Great  Iowa  Band,  military  companies,  citizens  and  visitors 
meet  on  Canal  street  and  proceeded  under  command  of  Gen.  Bentley,by  boat 
to  Exposition. 

11  A.  M. — Arriving  at  Exposition  wharf,  procession  marches  through  main 
building  to  Iowa  headquarters  in  government  building. 

11:30  A.  M. — United  States  Commissioners  and  assistants,  and  visitors  gen- 
erally, under  command  of  Major  F.  M.  Clarke,  form  in  body  and  join  the 
main  procession,  which  will  move  to  the  live  oaks. 

UNDER  THE  OAKS— 12:30  P.  M. 

Music— Iowa  University  Band. 

Address— Herbert  S.  Fairall,  U.  S.  Commissioner. 

Oration  for  the  State— Hon.  Fred.  Lehman,  Des  Moines. 

Music— Dubuque  Drum  Corps. 

Introduction  of  a  young  Iowa  lady— Col.  T.  M.  Owen,  of  Gov.  Sherman's 
staff. 

Presentation  by  the  Iowa  lady  to  a  Louisiana  lady  of  a  floral  tribute. 

Music— Eldora  Band. 

Response  and  address— Director-general  E.  A.  Burke. 

Music— Decorah  Drum  Corps. 

Address — Major  F.  Clarke. 

Poem— H.  S.  Kneedler,  Cedar  Rapids. 

Music— Osage  Band. 

Short  speeches  by  U.  S.  Commissioners  Mead.  Holton,  Sebring,  Allen, 
Commissioner-general  Speed  and  others. 

Music— Consolidated  Iowa  Rand,  led  by  Capt.  McCosh. 

At  9  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  lowans  formed  on  Canal  street, 
near  Clay  monument,  and  marched  to  the  Clinton  through  a  crowd  of 
several  thousand  people.  Commissioner  Fairall  and  Assistant  Com- 
missioner Chase,  with  Commissioner  Pickering,  of  Connecticut, 
headed  the  procession,  and  were  followed  by  Col.  M.  T.  Owen,  Capt. 
E.  Cameron,  Col.  J.  B.  Wilson,  of  Governor  Sherman's  staff,  and  by 
Lieut.  C.  D.  Ham,  Capt.  Libby,  Major  B.  F.  Kiernoff,  Lieut.  J.  S. 
Clark,  Major  J.  R.  Prime,  Lieut.  Sweney,  of  Gen.  Bentley's  staff,  and 
Capt.  E.  E.  Brainerd,  of  the  Iowa  City  militia — all  lowans.  Then 
came  the  prince  of  band  leaders,  Capt  McCosb,  with  his  able  assist- 
ants, heading  the  great  consolidated  Iowa  band,  with  music  that  was 
pronounced  on  every  hand,  especially  by  the  leader  of  the  Mexican 
band,  the  finest  ever  heard  in  New  Orleans  from  an  American  band. 
The  effect  of  the  procession  was  magnificent,  and  New  Orleans  peo- 
ple declared  that  no  State  day  had  furnished  such  a  grand  spectacle. 


9$  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

The  ride  to  the  Exposition  was  made  delightful  with  music  and  con- 
versation. At  the  wharf  the  party  was  met  by  a  party  of  Exposition 
officials,  and  proceeded  to  the  south  entrance  of  the  main  building. 
The  wonderful  strains  of  the  great  band  drew  the  people  on  the 
grounds  to  the  procession,  and  the  aisles  of  the  monster  building  were 
crowded.  At  Acting  Director- General  Buck's  office  a  halt  was  made, 
the  band  played  "  Dixie,"  and  joined  by  Capt.  Buck  the  procession 
moved  on  through  the  building  over  to  and  through  the  government 
building,  halting  in  the  aisle  near  the  Iowa  headquarters  that  were  a 
bower  of  flags  and  flowers.  The  band  broke  ranks  and  the  boys  filed 
into  the  headquarters,  where  they  were  given  some  delicious  lemon- 
ade, greatly  appreciated  after  their  long  march. 

The  United  States  Commissioners  in  a  body  were  waiting  near  by, 
and  tneir  appearance  in  so  large  a  number  was  an  incident  that  made 
a  deep  impression  upon,  their  brother  Iowa  Commissioner. 

After  a  few  moments  of  conversation  in  the  Iowa  exhibit  the  pro- 
cession formed  again,  and  under  the  marshalship  of  Major  F.  M. 
Clarke,  started  for  the  meeting-place.  At  the  head  marched  the  Iowa 
Commission,  the  great  band  followed,  and  in  its  rear  marched  the 
United  States  Commissioners.  Down  the  long  straight  walk  between 
the  two  buildings  the  procession  marched  with  martial  tread.  On 
entering  the  main  building  the  mammoth  band  burst  into  harmonious 
notes.  The  sound  reverberated  in  the  vaulted  arches  of  the  great 
edifice,  and  the  population  with  one  accord  deserted  their  stands  to 
line  the  aisle  down  which  the  cortege  passed. 

Emerging  from  the  building,  the  whole  procession  marched  to  the 
auditorium  beneath  the  green  canopy  of  the  live  oaks.  Here  the 
Commissioners  and  other  distinguished  guests  ascended  the  platform, 
while  the  remainder  of  the  people  filled  the  seats  about. 

The  audience  being  fairly  settled,  there  was  great  disappointment 
over  the  fact  that  the  orator  for  the  State  of  Iowa,  Hon.  Fred  Leh- 
man, had  found  it  impossible  to  be  present,  a  telegram  explaining  his 
unavoidable  absence  being  received  and  read. 

Commissioner  Fairall,  in  place  of  Mr.  Lehman,  then  delivered  the 
address  for  Iowa  as  follows: 

FELLOW  CITIZENS  OF  IOWA,  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN:— A  golden- 
haired  daughter  named  Iowa  has  left  her  home  or  that  rich  sward  ot  prairie 
that  is  held  in  the  embrace  of  the  two  great  rivers  of  the  continent  and 
journeyed  down  the  mighty  Mississippi  to  join  in  the  international  festival 
that  is  given  in  honor  of  her  regal  mother,  Louisiana.  Beautiful  is  this 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  97 

Iowa!  She  has  come  with  music  and  festivity,  arrayed  in  the  glory  and 
wealth  of  her  fields,  her  factories  and  her  mines,  wearing  in  her  crown 
the  jewels  of  education,  bearing  in  one  hand  evidences  of  what  she  has 
accomplished  since  she  left  the  old  homestead,  and  in  the  other  a  token  of 
love  for  the  parent  from  which  she  sprang.  Happy,  indeed,  is  Iowa!  She 
meets  her  lovely  sisters  and  her  older  and  comely  cousins  of  America,  and 
other  more  distant  relatives,  under  these  sunny  skies,  in  this  great  Exposi- 
tion, greets  them  most  heartily  and  rejoices  with  them  at  the  honors  that 
have  been  showered  upon  her  mother  State,  and  especially  congratulates 
them  upon  their  prosperity  and  for  the  part  that  they  have  so  successfully 
taken  in  making  this  World's  Fair  the  grandest  that  earth  has  ever  wit- 
nessed. Grateful  is  Iowa!  To  her  mother,  Louisiana,  she  returns  thanks 
for  the  Hawkeye  farm  so  generously  set  aside  for  her,  a  broad  and  billowy 
track  of  land,  fenced  on  the  east  by  the  Mississippi,  on  the  west  by  the  Mis- 
souri, with  fair  Minnesota  on  the  north  and  thriving  Missouri  on  the  south, 
containing  55,000  square  miles,  or  nearly  36,000,000  acres  of  rich  prairie,  well 
watered  with  lakes,  and  well  timbered  with  groves,  and  underlined  with  in- 
exhaustible mines  of  coal,  lead,  marble  and  rock.  To  her  cousins,  and 
to  the  great  world  besides,  luwa  is  thankful  for  the  assistance  that  has 
been  rendered  her  in  peopling,  improving  and  in  making  the  Hawkeye 
State  a  vertable  garden  spot.  Proud  is  Iowa!  Standing  forth  before  this 
great  assemblage  of  States  and  nations,  she  fears  no  charge  of  boasting 
when,  in  following  the  custom  of  other  States,  she  tells  of  her  progress  and 
possessions.  Had  not  unavoidable  circumstances  intervened,  she  would 
have  been  represented  here  to-day  by  her  Governor,  a  Sherman,  and  the 
story  of  her  greatness  would  have  been  told  in  the  eloquence  of  a  Lehman, 
one  of  her  most  gifted  orators  Pained  as  we  are  at  the  absence  of  these 
worthy  representatives,  it  is  a  source  of  great  gratification  that  among  the 
large  number  of  lowans  now  before  us,  there  are  those  who  can  speak 
in  fitting  terms  of  their  prairie  home,  and  other  friends  who  will  delight  in 
talking  for  Iowa.  Especially  will  fair  Iowa  have  worthy  champions  in  the 
presence  of  a  large  number  of  the  young  men  of  the  State,  who  are  before 
us  to-day,  and  whose  fine  bearing,  martial  step  and  delightful  music  have 
made  their  trip  from  the  prairies  to  the  plantations  a  continuous  ovation, 
and  whose  love  of  Iowa  and  industry  in  her  behalf  insure  her  even  a  more 
wonderful  growth  for  the  next  half  century  than  she  has  enjoyed  in  the 
less  than  fifty  years  since  she  became  a  State.  And  what  a  wonderful  past 
that  has  been!  Accustomed,  my  friends,  to  hearing  the  strange  stories 
of  what  has  really  taken  place  in  the  States  and  Territories  that  make 
up  this  great  Union,  it  would  seem  to  you  that  the  boundaries  of  possibili- 
ties in  this  direction  had  indeed  been  reached,  but  we  must  ask  you  to 
briefly  traverse  the  fairy  land  of  Iowa  and  see  if  you  are  not  only  enter- 
tained and  surprised,  but  if  your  love  for,  and  confidence  in,  the  greatness 
of  this  new  State  and  of  our  common  country  is  not  increased.  Here,  under 
these  moss-hanging  oaks  that  typfy  the  tropical  splendors  of  the  South, 
under  the  flag  that  floats  over  a  united  Union,  what  more  appropriate  time 
and  place  could  be  designed  for  a  greeting  from  Iowa  to  Louisiana!  And 
13 


98  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

in  its  course  what  will  please  the  old  mother  territory  more  than  the  recita- 
tion of  the  carreer  of  her  daughter,  Iowa,  and  a  description  of  her  wonder- 
ful and  happy  home?  The  history  of  Louisiana  is  a  volume  filled  with  the 
romance  of  early  settlement;  the  poetry  of  commingled  nations,  the  stern 
facts  of  civilization  and  the  final  triumphs  of  peace.  We  had  all  read  it 
until  we  had  dreamed  of  this  land  of  oranges,  cane  and  cotton,  and  had 
walked  in  imagination  over  this  historic  ground. 

But  when  Louisiana's  beautiful  and  quaint  city  was  made  the  center  of 
the  world  by  this  Exposition  we  were  enabled  to  leave  our  Iowa  homes  and 
come  in  person  to  the  Crescent  City.  We  found  that  pen  and  brush  had 
never  done  their  duty  in  depicting  the  city  and  State  in  their  real  greatness 
and  grandeur.  We  have  stepped  from  our  cold  hills  and  vales  into  a  realm 
of  beauty  and  into  the  homes  and  hearts  of  a  most  hospitable  people.  And 
in  our  coming  we  have  helped,  thank  God,  to  show  the  whole  world  that 
along  the  great  rivers,  along  the  paths  of  iron,  along  the  mountain  high- 
ways and  in  every  field  and  forest  between  the  north  and  the  south  the 
evidences  of  sectional  feeling  have  been  obliterated. 

Iowa  then  comes  to  Louisiana  with  a  smile  on  her  face  and  a  heart  over- 
flowing with  joy.  She  remembers  that  on  a  recent  occasion,  when  Louisi- 
ana's greatest  day  was  celebrated  in  these  grounds  how  royally  was  the 
reception  to  the  daughter  States. 

Hence  this  greeting  to-day,  and  to  it  we  add  that  Louisiana  must  some 
day  come  to  Iowa's  home.  The  entire  house  will  be  thrown  open,  and  the 
farm  placed  at  your  disposal.  Iowa  has  not  long  been  engaged  in  convert- 
ing her  raw  lands  into  the  present  high  state  of  cultivation,  but  she  has  ac- 
complished wonders.  Her  residence  is  large  and  cosy,  and  shelters  a  family 
of  nearly  2,000,000  people.  Here  is  the  kingdom  where  women  so  ably  rule. 
The  rooms  are  well  ventilated  and  healthy,  and  nearly  every  one  has  a 
carpet  on  the  floor.  The  walls  and  ceilings  are  decorated,  and  have  paint- 
ings and  pictures  and  maps  on  every  hand.  There  is  a  library  in  every 
room,  over  600  Iowa  newspapers  to  read,  and  last,  but  not  least,  a  Bible  on 
every  center  table.  The  parlors  can  show  as  fine  furniture  as  can  be  found 
in  the  world.  The  sitting  rooms  have  their  organs,  pianos  and  sewing  ma- 
chines, and  the  rockers  of  the  soothing  cradle  keep  time  with  the  general 
hum  of  activity  about  the  place.  The  dining-rooms  and  kitchen!  ah!  there 
you  will  oe  at  home,  and  never  fear  that  the  supply  of  good  things  will  be 
exhausted.  That  is  impossible,  when  you  come  out  into  the  yard  and  look 
around  the  garden  and  barns  and  out  over  the  farm.  The  cellar  is  full  to 
overflowing,  and  the  cribs  and  granaries  are  fairly  bursting.  Looking  down 
the  broad  lanes  that  are  shaded  by  10,000,000  trees,  set  out  by  Iowa  on  her 
almost  naked  prairies,  you  will  see  the  great  corn  fields,  containing  7, 210,000 
acres,  where  we  raised  325,000,000  bushels  of  corn  in  1884,  more  than  was 
raised  in  any  State  in  the  Union.  You  will  see  the  yellow  field  of  more  than 
two  and  a  half  millions  acres  of  wheat,  where  the  farmer  last  year  rode  on 
the  harvester  and  cut  35,000,000  bushels.  The  oat  patch  has  2,084,378  acres, 
and  last  year  its  yield  was  64,553,718  bushels.  The  meadows  have  a  strip  of 
blue  grass  that  covers  3,5<i9,000  acres  more  than  Indiana  and  Kentucky  to- 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  99 

gether  can  boast  of,  although  I  should  say  for  the  benefit  of  my  friends,  the 
Commissioners  from  those  States,  who  are  good  naturedly  quarreling  over 
the  blue  grass  question,  that  Iowa  blue  grass  is  somewhat  mixed  with  a 
splendid  variety  of  timothy,  for  besides  pasturing  our  horses  and  cattle,  we 
get  1,800,000  bushels  of  timothy  seed  from  the  meadows,  in  order  to  let  our 
enterprising  friends  in  Minnesota,  Dakota,  Kansas  and  other  States  have 
seed  with  which  to  start  farming.  Then  there  are  other  fields  in  viewr 
where  we  raised  last  year  737,580  bushels  of  rye,  barley,  buckwheat,  flax, 
Irish  and  sweet  potatoes,  and  31 ,350  gallons  of  sorghum  or  amber  cane  sirup. 
When  Iowa  came  to  reckon  her  crop  last  fall,  before  setting  out  for  the  Ex- 
position, where  it  was  supposed  she  would  need  a  little  spending  money,  she 
found  that  she  had  raised  enough  of  the  grains  and  produce  above  enume- 
rated to  bring  her  in  $126,634,926.  Next  we  might  take  you  into  the  orchard, 
where  there  are  4,000,000  bearing  apple  trees  and  6,000,000  pear,  cherry  and 
other  trees,  with  acre  after  acre  of  grapes  and  small  fruit.  It  will  be  remem- 
bered that  in  1876,  at  the  Centennial  Exposition,  Iowa's  apples  took  the  first 
premium  and  the  gold  medal,  and  in  yonder  Horticultural  Hall,  Col.  Gr.  B. 
Brackett  the  able  and  celebrated  lowan  who,  as  one  oi  my  assistants,  has 
rendered  his  State  such  valuable  services,  repeated  his  Philadelphia  triumph 
by  sweeping  the  first  premiums  and  honors  for  Iowa's  apples. 

But  let  us  pass  through  the  beautiful  flower  gardens  of  Iowa's  farm,  where 
woman's  skill  is  again  shown,  and  take  a  look  at  the  stock.  What  big  red 
barns  we  see!  models  of  comfort  and  convenience.  They  shelter  790,000 
horses,  2,800,000  cattle,  450,000  sheep,  and  hold  3,500,000  tons  of  hay.  In  the 
stys  are  5,000,000  swine,  while  on  the  roosts  are  5,800,000  chickens,  whose 
male  guardians  are  not  only  still  crowing  over  Iowa,  as  Gen.  Carnahan's 
roosters  crow  for  Indiana,  but  whose  industrious  little  wives  helped  on  the 
good  cause  by  laying  on  last  year  32,000,000  dozens  of  eggs. 

Another  institution  in  the  yard  near  the  spring,  we  will  show  you,  Mother 
Louisiana,  if  you  will  but  come  up  and  see  us,  and  bring  all  your  friends 
along.  It  is  an  object  peculiar  to  Iowa,  but  now  getting  frequent,  even  our 
Minnesota  friends  and  neighbors  having  taken  a  fancy  to  it,  so  much  so  in- 
deed that  she  has  come  over  into  our  Iowa's  farms  and  taken  away  one  of 
the  leading  architects  of  the  building.  It  is  a  creamery — not  a  creamatory, 
au  one  of  my  Arizona  friends  called  it.  We  have  in  Iowa's  farm  650  of 
these  creameries,  more  than  any  other  State  in  the  Republic.  Of  our  2,800,- 
000  cattle,  1,200,000  are  cows,  that  is  nearly  a  good  milch  cow  for  every  man, 
woman  and  child  on  the  farm.  In  1884  we  made  60,000,000  pounds  of  butter 
and  1,000,000  pounds  of  cheese,  and  sold  it  for  $7,680,000.  A  large  amount  of 
the  butter  has  come  and  is  still  coming  to  New  Orleans,  Iowa  having  within 
several  years  gained  almost  the  entire  butter  trade  of  this  part  of  the 
South,  and  by  consuming  so  much  of  Hawkeye  butter  all  fevers  and  ail- 
ments have  been  driven  from  here,  and  the  health  of  the  people  and  the 
beauty  of  the  ladies  especially  greatly  improved.  The  good  people  here 
have  at  last  found  out  which  side  their  bread  is  buttered  on,  and  I  don't 
blame  them  for  spreading  it  on  thick. 

At  the  Philadelphia  Exposition  Iowa  showed  a  fine  lot  of  her  butter,  and 


100  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

the  world  was  surprised  and  pleased  with  it.  The  Exposition  gave  it  the 
first  premium  and  gold  medal  for  it,  and  Iowa's  butter  became  famous.  It 
had  always  been  a  drug  in  the  State  at  eight  and  ten  cents  per  pound,  but 
the  price  at  once  jumped  up  to  fifteen  and  twenty  at  home,  and  from 
twenty-five  to  forty  and  fifty  cents  per  pound  out  of  the  State,  where  it  had 
never  before  gone.  In  all  succeeding  great  Expositions  it  has  since  then 
carried  away  first  honors,  and  at  this  World's  Fair,  through  the  efforts  of 
our  very  efficient  Superintendent  Huston,  we  are  triumphant  again,  secur- 
ing the  greatest  number,  twenty-two  first  prizes  and  a  gold  medal. 

I  have  mentioned  the  cattle  on  Iowa's  farm.  In  number,  of  all  States 
Texas  alone  exceeds  us.  In  quality  and  value  Iowa  stands  first.  The  same 
is  true  of  horses,  while  in  swine  we  are  first  in  every  respect,  and  in  respect 
to  the  yield  of  all  kinds  of  grain  per  capita  Iowa  stands  pre-eminently 
ahead.  When  this  Exposition  re-opens  next  fall,  as  I  trust  it  will,  the  en- 
ergetic superintendent  of  our  Iowa  Live  Stock  Department  will  bring  here, 
1  hope,  a  sprinkling  of  Iowa  stock. 

On  Iowa's  big  farm  we  can  show  you  over  5,000  churches,  and  her  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Instruction,  who  is  our  Superintendent  Akers,  points 
you  to  13,624  school  houses  on  the  hill  tops,  and  a  grand  total  of  18,624  pub- 
lic schools,  with  22,516  teachers,  and  a  school  fund  of  $5,000,000,  and  school 
property  worth  over  $10,000,000.  The  value  of  the  entire  farm,  as  estimated 
in  1883,  was  $463,824,466.  A  magnificent  new  edifice  for  law-making  pur- 
poses sits  in  the  center  of  Iowa's  domain,  built  at  a  cost  of  $3,000,000. 
Then  there  are  scattered  all  over  the  place  a  wonderful  total  of  6,921  estab- 
lishments where  the  manufacturing  for  the  Iowa  family  and  for  all  parts  of 
the  world  is  done.  There  are  $34,000,000  of  capital  invested  in  them,  oO,000 
men,  women  and  children  work  in  them,  $  10,000 ,uOO  of  wages  are  annually 
paid  in  them,  and  $72,000,000  of  products  come  from  them.  Samples  of 
Iowa  manufactured  goods  in  her  exhibit  in  the  Exposition  astonish  the 
world,  that  thought  we  only  raised  corn  and  cattle,  and  that  are  surprised 
to  know  that  of  all  States  west  of  the  Mississippi,  Iowa,  in  manufacturing, 
is  next  to  first.  Our  chief  of  the  Department  of  Manufactures,  and  his  as- 
sistants have  well  illustrated  the  fact,  while  the  superintendent  of  flour 
has  a  wonderful  and  beautiful  showing  of  the  products  of  Iowa's  several 
hundred  mills. 

Yes,  you  must  come  and  visit  your  young  daughter,  Mother  Louisiana, 
and  over  the  great  trunk  lines  of  railway  that  make  a  net-work  of  Iowa's 
farm,  showing  more  miles  of  rail  to  the  square  mile  of  land  than  is  shown 
by  any  Western  State,  you  can  see  the  fields  where  our  industrious  Super- 
intendent of  Agriculture  and  his  aids  gathered  the  beautiful  collection  of 
grains  he  now  has  on  exhibition  here,  and  also  the  large  and  handsome  col- 
lection that  was  destroyed  in  a  cruel  railroad  wreck,  while  en  route  for  this 
city.  In  your  visit  you  will  be  surprised  at  the  thrift  of  the  people,  and 
especially  of  the  working-classes  There  is  no  State  debt.  Commis&ioner 
Hutchins,  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor,  tells  us  the  workmen  of  this  great  farm 
are  paid  more  on  an  average  than  workmen  of  other  States,  and  the  per- 
centage of  them  owning  their  part  of  the  big  Iowa  home  is  far  ahead  of 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

what  any  State  can  show.  While  the  parents  are  at  work  the  children  are 
at  school,  and  so  industrious  that  Iowa  stands  first  of  all  the  States  in  pro- 
portion to  persons  over  ten  years  of  age  able  to  read,  and  first  as  to  persons 
between  fifteen  and  twenty  able  to  write.  In  the  great  Iowa  University  we 
are  doing  a  grand  work  in  educating  lawyers,  physicians,  dentists,  pharma- 
cists, scientists,  engineers,  teachers  and  editors,  and  there  are  twenty-eight 
other  institutions  of  advanced  education.  Iowa's  well-known  scientist 
and  weather  observer,  Dr.  Hinrichs,  tells  us  that  the  climate  of  Iowa  "  de- 
velops a  rich  vegetation,  ripens  abundant  harvests,  and  so  favorable  to  the 
growth  of  a  strong,  sinewy  and  active  race." 

Her  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Health,  our  Superintendent,  L.  F.  Andrews^ 
shows  us  in  his  valuable  statistical  chart  in  the  Iowa  exhibit  that  there  is 
no  healthier  spot  on  earth.  In  Iowa  you  can  find  such  rare  geological  spec- 
imens as  Superintendent  Calvin  nhows  in  his  incomparable  'exhibit  in  or. r 
space,  and  you  can  also  visit  our  16,000  square  miles  of-ebalSolds.  In  Our 
lakes  and  rivers  Superintendents  Aldrich  and  Moaner  will  surprise  yomvith 
our  fish,  and  there  is  yet  ample  game  for  your  nimrofts'.  "'  '- 

Come,  then,  Louisiana  and  all  the  world.  Come  to  Iowa,  and  especially 
bring  your  ladies  with  you.  There  you  will  be  greeted  by  the  noble  lady  who 
now  represents  the  women  of  Iowa,  and  thousands  like  her.  The  beautiful 
collections  of  women's  work  she  has  here  on  display  indicates  what  our 
women  are  doing.  Come  in  response  to  the  ten  thousand  of  our  people  who 
have  visited  this  exposition,  the  crowning  glory  of  the  South.  Your  visit 
will  help  us,  as  ours  has  aided  you.  After  mutual  visits,  the  daughter, 
Iowa,  and  the  mother,  Louisiana,  with  the  other  States,  can  more  easiJy 
continue  the  great  work  before  us  of  extending  the  trade  of  the  United 
States  into  the  countries  south,  east,  and  west  of  us,  so  that  the  time  will 
speedily  come  when  the  entire  American  continent  can  join  in  another 
great  World's  Exposition,  where  the  products  of  American  industry  and 
genius,  in  magnitude  and  splendor,  will  be  our  grandest  tribute  to  a  new 
century. 

At  the  close  of  Commissioner  FairalPs  remarks  the  drum  and  fife 
corps  played  a  pretty  selection,  after  which  the  Commissioner  intro- 
duced 

COL.    M.    T.    OWEN, 

ot  the  staff  of  Gov.  Sherman,  of  Iowa,  who  also  sent  his  regrets  at 
not  being  able  to  be  present,  pressing  official  work  detaining  him. 
Col.  Owen  spoke  as  follows: 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN — We  of  Iowa  very  much  regret  that  uncon- 
trollable circumstances .  have  prevented  Governor  Sherman  from  being 
present  with  us  upon  this  eventful  occasion,  but  I  assure  you  that  he  deeply 
regrets  it  also,  and  that  h«  has  the  kindliest  respect  and  regard  for  the 
people  of  the  South  in  general,  and  of  Louisiana  in  particular.  We  are- 


102  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

glad  of  this  opportunity  to  meet  you  at  home  in  the  sunny  South,  under  the 
live  oaks,  in  the  land  of  sugar  cane  and  cotton,  in  this  beautiful  land  of 
more  beautiful  flowers  and  most  beautiful  women.  We  are  gratified  to  see 
the  good  feeling  existing  and  growing  among  the  people  of  the  North  and 
South,  and  that  the  bitterness  engendered  by  the  conflict  of  twenty  years 
Ago  is  rapidly  passing  away  into  the  oblivion  where  it  belongs.  The  people 
of  all  sections  are  becoming  united  in  fact  as  well  as  in  name,  which  is  "  a 
consummation  devoutly  to  be  wished." 

This  is  our  common  country.  We  should  be  Americans  first  as  against 
all  the  rest  of  the  world,  and  the  era  of  good  feeling  has  so  far  advanced 
that  if  occasion  require  the  people  of  the  North  and  South  would  march 
shoulder  to  shoulder  under  the  stars  and  stripes  to  the  music  of  the  Union 
and  to  victory.  Twenty  years  ago  men  from  Iowa  were  down  here  trying  to 
t  get  into  eoiap  of, jjoiirs  cities;  now  we  are  down  here,  and  are  treated  with 
,  such  kindiiefesL  aid  Consideration  that  we  have  the  greatest  of  difficulty  in 
-getting.  ou4xcf  them.  The  change  is  delightful.  lam  not  here  to  make  a 
;sf»eo(Jh'..  1'ime.  is  tbo .valuable,  and  we  desire  to  devote  what  little  time  we 
have  here  to  viewing  your  great  and  grand  Exposition,  and  becoming  ac- 
quainted with  your  chivalrous,  generous  and  hospital  people. 

But  we  have  not  forgotten  that  Iowa  was  a  part  of  the  great  territory  of 
Louisiana,  purchased  by  Thomas  Jefferson  from  Mr.  Bonaparte,  and  conse- 
quently she  is  the  daughter  of  Louisiana.  To-day  we  have  Iowa  repre- 
sented by  a  charming  and  typical  young  Hawkeye,  Miss  Mary  A.  Scott,  and 
Louisiana  by  an  estimable  and  well-known  lady  of  this  city,  Mrs.  E.  A. 
Burke;  and  I  now  have  the  pleasure  of  presenting  Iowa  to  Louisiana,  and 
I  assure  you  that  the  daughter  is  worthy  of  the  mother  in  every  particular. 

THE  DAUGHTER'S  TRIBUTE. 

At  the  conclusion  of  Colonel  Owen's  address,  Miss  Mary  Avis 
Scott,  of  Nevada,  Iowa,  daughter  of  ex-Lieutenant  Governor  John 
Scott,  advanced  to  the  front,  bearing  a  magnificent  basket  of  choice 
flowers,  which  she  presented  to  Mrs.  E.  A.  Burke.  Miss  Scott  said: 

I   r 

As  a  daughter  of  Iowa,  and  in  behalf  of  the  Hawkeye  State— itself  one 
of  the  daughters  of  Louisiana— permit  me,  Madam,  to  offer  you  this  slight 
expression  of  our  love;  and  to  voice  the  hope  that  the  sentiments  uttered 
to-day  may  never  perish.  Take  these  flowers,  Madam;  though  they  may 
fade,  yet  will  their  perfume  remain,  and  so,  though  our  words  of  to-day 
pass  into  the  silence  of  to-morrow,  may  their  memories  ever  linger  with 
fragrance  in  your  heart. 

The  incident  was  a  most  happy  one,  and,  coupled  with  the  grace  of 
the  fair  donor,  lent  an  inspiration  to  the  occasion  that  will  be  long 
remembered  by  those  present. 

After  this  pleasant  little  manifestation  of  filial  feeling  on  the  part 
of  Iowa,  the  Commissioner  introduced 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


MAJOR  P.  M.  CLARKE,  OP  IOWA, 


103 


Superintendent  of  the  Postoffice  Department  Exhibit,  who  delivered 
the  following  oration  : 

I  am  aware  that  it  is  customary  for  the  orator  to  allude  to  some  maxim  or 
practice  of  the  ancients,  as  a  sort  of  prefatory  apology  for  his  talk.  On 
this  occasion  I  depart  from  such  custom,  for  it  seems  to  me  that  when  a  son 
of  Iowa  raises  to  speak  of  his  State  he  needs  make  no  apology  for  so  doing. 
Timidity  should  vanish,  and  his  heart  be  strengthened  and  made  brave  by 
the  presence  of  honest  pride  in  the  realization  of  the  distinguished  honor 
conferred  by  the  opportunity  of  telling  the  glories  of  the  great  Hawkeye 
State. 

The  territory  embraced  within  the  limits  of  the  State  of  Iowa  was  a  part 
of  the  vast  empire  sold  by  France  to  the  United  State  in  1803,  and  by  virtue 
of  an  act  of  Congress  approved, June  12, 1838,  the  Territory  of  Iowa  was  con- 
stituted. The  first  Europeans  who  trod  the  soil  of  Iowa  were  two  French 
Jesuits,  of  Canada— Janes  Marquette  and  Louis  Joliet.  The  broad,  luxuri- 
ant prairies  of  the  fair  land  lying  between  the  two  mighty  rivers  of  the  con- 
tinent had  won  from  the  hearts  of  its  aboriginal  proprietors  the  name  it  now 
bears:  Iowa— lk  The  Beautiful  Land."  On  the  25th  of  June,  1673,  Mar- 
quette and  his  brave  comrade  landed  on  the  grassy  slope  of  the  Iowa  bank 
of  the  Mississippi,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines  river,  and  after  a  six 
days'  stay  with  the  Indians  of  the  Illinois  nation  received  from  them  the 
calumet,  the  emblem  of  peace,  and  a  safeguard  among  the  nations.  The 
first  settlement  of  whites  in  Iowa  was  made  by  Julien  Dubuque  in  1788, 
where  the  magnificent  city  of  Dubuque  now  stands. 

Situated  near  the  geographical  center  of  the  United  States,  between  the 
two  great  rivers,  and  on  the  line  of  the  great  transcontinental  railways,  she 
has  a  future  in  the  development  of  her  resources  which  it  does  not  require 
the  prophetic  vision  to  see,  among  the  greatest  States  of  our  Union,  which 
nature,  assisted  by  the  thrift,  energy,  and  enterprise  of  her  citizens,  has  so 
abundantly  fitted  her  to  occupy.  She  has  already  advanced  to  a  position 
which  is  a  matter  of  pride  and  satisfaction  to  her  people,  and  yet  her  won- 
derful agricultural  resources,  her  inexhaustible  coal  mines,  industrial  pro- 
gress, transportation  facilities,  commercial  and  manufacturing,  and  many 
other  interests  have  not  been  fully  understood. 

The  work  of  the  pioneer  has  already  been  accomplished  in  most  parts  of 
the  State.  Railroads,  public  buildings,  churches,  school-houses  are  all  pro- 
vided. Citizens  of  Iowa  enjoy  all  the  comforts,  conveniences,  and  advan- 
tages possible  in  the  older  States,  and  to- day  Iowa  offers  proportionately 
greater  inducements  to  capital,  labor,  and  enterprise.  Within  her  inex- 
haustible] coal  mines  lies  hidden  incalculable  wealth.  Her  unused  water 
power  forms  natural  mill  sites  in  almost  every  county  of  the  State.  We 
have  no  need^of  the  sign,^"  Irrigation  did  it,"  for  neither  irrigation  (nor  ir- 
ritation) has  any  dwelling  place  in  her  broad  domain.  Iowa,  for  agricultu- 


104 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


ral  and  manufacturing  resources  has  no  superior  among  all  the  States, 
while  her  channels  of  trade  radiate  in  all  directions. 

Thirty-nine  years  have  passed  since  Iowa  became  one  of  the  States  of  the 
Union,  hardly  a  half  century  measured  by  the  swift  wings  of  time  since  sav- 
age men  and  savage  beasts  contended  for  the  supremacy  in  this  fair  domain. 
Both  have  retreated  before  the  advance  of  the  white  man,  and  to-day  civili- 
zation has  stamped  its  divine  impress  upon  the  rolling  prairies  of  the  State. 
The  \Nhite  school-houses  dot  the  beautiful  landscape  like  star-eyed  daisies 
upon  an  English  meadow.  There  is  a  desk  and  a  book,  and  a  teacher  lor 
every  child!  The  name  "  Iowa  "  is  a  synonym,  not  only  for  "  the  beautiful 
land,"  but  also  for  prosperity  and  happiness.  Her  history  is  that  of  one 
uninterrupted  march  of  progress  in  the  paths  of  peace,  and  she  has  arisen 
from  the  condition  of  a  Territory  to  one  of  the  principal  States  of  the  lie- 
public  in  population,  wealth,  intelligence,  and  moral  greatness.  She  is  the 
twenty-ninth  in  the  order  of  admission  into  the  Union;  in  number  of  square 
miles  she  is  fourteenth;  in  population  the  tenth,  while  in  acres  of  tillable 
land  her  place  is  first.  Think  of  that,  ye  seekers  after  homes!  She  leads 
every  other  State  in  the  amount  of  corn  raised,  and  is  second  in  the  number 
of  hogs  raised,  second  in  cattle,  second  in  wheat,  fourth  in  extent  of  coal 
area,  and  fifth  in  the  number  of  newspapers.  In  religious,  educational  and 
benevolent  institutions,  she  stands  among  the  foremost.  In  point  of  intel- 
ligence she  is  first,  having  a  less  percentage  of  illiteracy  in  comparison  with 
her  population  than  any  other  State. 

Fifty  years  ago  there  were  no  roads  but  Indian  trails  across  the  prairies. 
In  1861  there  were  but  seven  hundred  miles  of  railroad  in  the  State;  now 
there  are  upward  of  eight  thousand  miles,  and  the  pathway  of  the  iron 
horse  crosses  the  magnificent  expanse  of  fertile  soil  in  every  direction. 

The  value  of  property  in  the  State  is  estimated  at  $1,500,000,000.  Such 
wonderful  figures  are  eloquent  in  the  attestation  of  marvelous  progress  in 
the  short  space  of  fifty  years,  and  yet  this  vast  wealth  is  so  generally  diffused 
among  the  people  that  but  few  are  possessed  of  immense  fortunes,  and 
hardly  a  home  the  abode  of  poverty  or  want.  But  richer  than  all  this,  rich 
in  those  things  which  are  true  wealth — not  measured  by  the  dollar  mark- 
is  my  noble  State. 

Material  wealth  alone  does  not  constitute  the  true  greatness  and  grandeur 
of  a  State,  nor  does  it  consist  of  fertile  fields  with  abundant  harvests,  or 
surplus  of  manufactured  products,  but  in  the  institutions  which  she  founds 
and  fosters,  in  the  moral  and  intellectual  training  of  her  sons  and  daughters, 
in  the  manhood  and  womanhood  of  her  children  I  All  honor  to  the  grand 
commonwealth,  the  State  of  Iowa,  your  State,  my  State,  whose  record  is  so 
clear,  whose  promise  of  the  future  is  so  fair! 

I  am  fully  aware,  Mr.  Commissioner,  and  ladies  and  gentlemen,  that  my 
office  to-day  was  for  the  purpose  of  entertaining  you.  This  large-  assem- 
blage did  not  gather  beneath  these  noble  oaks  for  the  purpose  pf  listening 
to  a  dry  monody  upon  statistical  figures,  and  if  in  the  presentation  of  facts 
I  have  intruded  too  many  of  the  arithmetical  equivalents  of  expression,  you 
must  please  remember  that,  in  order  to  be  complimentary  to  those  of  our 


REPORT  OP  COMMISSIONER. 

brethren  who  have  the  misfortune  to  live  outside  our  borders.  I  have  been 
compelled  to  call  in  the  aid  of  such  expressions.  But,  sir,  I  could  well  have 
left  them  out  had  my  voice  been  falling  upon  the  ears  of  those  alone  who 
have  been  present  during  the  existence  of  this  great  Exposition,  for  to  such 
I  would  say:  Look  at  the  magnificent  displays  exhibited  in  the  Government 
and  Main  buildings;  examine  the  lists  of  premiums  awarded  to  Iowa  pro- 
ducts, and  then  form  your  own  conclusions  as  to  the  greatness  of  the  State; 
and,  while  you  do  so,  please  remember  also  that  these  exhibits  are  not  the 
cream  of  the  harvests — they  are  the  skimmed  milk.  When  after  some  little 
care  and  labor,  specimens  of  the  agricultural  products  of  the  State  were 
selected  for  display  at  this  Exposition,  and  when  such  collection  had  been 
started  upon  its  way  toward  the  Crescent  City  and  the  farmer  and  producer 
at  home  had  rested  from  his  labor  of  preparation  for  the  enterprise,  a  disas- 
trous railroad  accident  occurred  by  which  these  proudly  selected  specimens 
of  Iowa's  high  ability  were  totaLy  wrecked  and  spoiled.  Remember  that 
the  display  now  on  exhibition  is  one  that  was  hastily  gathered  together  at 
the  very  opening  of  the  Exposition  and  after  the  best  of  harvests  had  been 
otherwise  disposed  of,  and  then,  my  friends,  do  not  forget  that,  with  only 
this  showing,  our  State  stands  second  to  none. 

The  display  of  my  State  is  one  that  must  cause  the  heart  of  every  son  and 
daughter  of  Iowa  to  swell  with  honest  pride.  It  forms  a  great  and  glorious 
factor  in  teaching  the  divine  object  of  the  Exposition.  It  is  a  factor  which 
we  are  proud  to  contribute,  for  it  is  a  privilege  honoring  both  the  State  and 
the  individual  to  be  able  to  take  a  part,  to  lend  a  helping  hand  to  so  great, 
so  successful  an  enterprise. 

To  you,  Mr.  Director  General,  I  say,  "  Well  done,  thou  good  and  faithful 
servant;"  your  faithful  labors  are  appreciated  by  the  people  of  Iowa. 

I  cannot  close,  Mr.  Commissioner,  without  one  word  for  the  women  of 
Iowa  The  space  occupied  by  the  display  of  her  handiwork  is  not  a  large 
one,  and  yet,  in  all  this  grand  aggregation,  in  doors  and  out,  whether  we 
tread  the  broad  aisles  of  the  Main  building  amid  the  magnificent  displays  of 
manufactured  goods,  or  walk  beside  the  thousands  of  busy  machines  that 
seem  almost  human  in  the  perfection  of  their  operation;  whether  we  sit 
beneath  the  resounding  nave  of  the  vast  Music  Hall  and  listen  to  the  divine 
strains  of  melody  that  greet  our  enraptured  ears,  as  it  comes  from  an  instru- 
ment that  is  the  cumulative  labor  of  a  thousand  years  of  man's  inventive 
genius;  whether  we  gaze  with  eyes  wide  open  with  admira  ion  at  the  rich 
and  wonderful  exhibits  gathered  from  the  teeming  fields  and  deep  mines  of 
the  proud  States  of  our  Union,  there  is  not  among  them  all  anything  which 
adds  more  to  the  beauty  and  comprehensiveness  of  the  whole,  anything 
which  more  strikingly  illustrates  the  progress  of  develop  ent,  than  may  be 
seen  in  the  little  alcove  which  adorns  the  gallery  oi  the  Government  build- 
ing, and  fairest  and  most  typical  of  them  all  is  the  one  above  which  is  sus- 
pended the  word  "Iowa."  It  is  a  revelation  of  exquisite  beauty.  The 
humble  effort  of  unskilled  fingers  is  there,  and  step  by  step  we  pass  to  the 
delicate  spray  of  peach  blossoms  and  ferns,  so  deftly  lined  upon  a  velvet 
banner  that  the  humming-bird  circles  with  giddy  flight  until  it  falls  fam- 
14 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

ished  before  the  painted  illusion,  unable  to  sip  the  honey  from  flowers  its 
keen  vision  mistook  for  the  reality. 

To  you,  my  friends  of  Louisiana,  and  our  other  sister  States,  we  say  wel- 
come to  Iowa.  Come  and  see  us  at  our  prairie  homes.  Come  and  see  what 
glorious  possibilities  for  perfect  living  may  be  found  with  us.  To-day  and 
to-morrow  we  join  with  you  in  the  work  of  strengthening  the  bands  of 
good  fellowship,  good  will,  peace  and  prosperity  to  each  and  all;  join  with 
you  in  the  attainment  of  that  condition  of  higher  civilization  where  the 
thought  of  one  State  shall  be  "  How  can  I  best  enhance  the  welfare  of  the 
other  States,  for  thereby  shall  I  enhance  my  own?" 

It  Las  been  but  twenty  years  since  this  country  was  wrecked  witli  fratri- 
cidal strife.  Throughout  our  land  are  lofty  mounments  erected  to  the  mem- 
ory of  those  heroes  that  fell  on  either  side.  Far  be  it  from  me  to  belittle 
their  deeds  of  valor,  but  1  say  that  a  noble  monument  should  be  erected  to 
the  man  who  grasped  the  idea  of  this  great  exposition  and  carried  it  to  a 
successful  culmination.  Had  this  exposition,  or  one  like  it,  been  held  in 
the  vicinity  of  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  in  1861  there  would  have  been  no  bat- 
tle of  Bull  Run,  or  Shiloh,  or  Manassas.  Had  the  inhabitants  of  the  differ- 
ent sections  of  the  country  been  able  to  see  the  vast  wealth  of  the  various 
States ;  had  the  man  from  Maine  been  able  to  meet  the  man  from  Louis- 
iana, all  these  long  years  of  blood  and  carnage  would  have  been  averted. 
Peace  has  her  victories  as  well  as  war,  and  can  there  be  a  greater  victory 
than  the  triumph  over  the  horrors  of  fratricidal  strife?  And  this  victory 
has  been  gained  by  that  man  who  has  made  this  great  exposition  a  place 
whei  ein  the  people  from  all  parts  of  our  country  may  meet  and  cement  more 
firmly  those  bonds  which  bind  the  country  so  firmly  together.  All  honor  to 
that  man. 

The  following  poem  was  prepared  especially  for  the  occasion  by 
3ir.  H.  S.  Kneedler,  of  Cedar  Rapids  : 


IOWA  TO  THE  SOUTH. 
I. 

Oh  fair  young  South,  to  thee  a  greeting, 
Behold  thy  new-born  hopes  half  meeting, 
We  pledge  the  measure  of  our  pride, 
The  granary  of  a  nation  wide, 
The  wealth  of  field,  of  mine,  of  tide, 
The  strength  and  purpose  that  abide 
Within  the  boundaries  of  our  State, 
To  make  thy  centenary  great ! 
A  northern  sister  reaches  willing  hands 
To  clasp  her  brethren  of  the  cotton  lands  ! 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

II. 

The  muddy  tide  that  rushes  by  our  doors 
Its  living  waters  on  your  rice  fields  pours  ! 

The  breeze  that  sways  the  phantom  moss 

Or  blows  the  purple  cane  across, 

That  toys  with  cotton's  silky  floss, 

Or  mid  your  orange  groves  is  lost, 
Breathes  unto  us  through  oak  and  vine 
The  perfume  of  thy  sunnier  clime. 

III. 

The  dimpled  waters  of  thy  southern  sea, 
Fringed  with  its  purple  isles  a-lee, 

The  wilderness  of  cypress  brakes, 

The  God-touched  beauty  of  thy  lakes, 

The  drowsy  bayou  that  awakes 

To  kiss  the  thirsty  fields,  and  slakes 

Its  own  deep  thirst  from  snow-fed  rills 

That  trickles  from  the  far  north  hills ; 

The  crane  that  flaps  his  idle  wings, 

The  mocking  bird  that  rapturous  sings, 
These  are  the  things  that  bid  us  come, 
Nor  would  we  ask  that  they  be  dumb. 

IV. 

Lo !  how  the  cotton  ball  with  snowy  fleece 

The  ensign  is  of  commerce-frighted  peace. 
Ten  thousand  looms  its  triumph  tells, 
The  flying  shuttles  are  the  bells 
From  out  whose  merry  music  wells 
An  undertone  of  glad  farewells 
To  empty  conquests  won  by  clashing  swords 
And  welcome  to  the  vict'ries  peace  affords. 

Ours  be  the  grateful  task  to  give  the  praise, 

And  celebrate  a  nation's  natal  day. 

CEDAR  RAPIDS,  I  A.,  Sept.  16, 1884. 

DIRECTOR  GENERAL  BURKE. 

Commissioner  Fairall  then  introduced  Major  E.  A.  Burke,  Director 
General  of  the  Exposition,  who  said: 

I  am  here  to-day  not  only  to  discharge  a  duty,  but  to  share  in  the  enjoy- 
ments that  had  been  planned  by  our  friends  from  Iowa.  I  did  not  expect 
this  attack  in  my  rear,  and  I  would  not  undertake,  with  my  present  feelings, 


108  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

to  attempt  at  expression  or  an  acknowledgment  of  the  effect  it  has  had 
upon  me. 

I  know  that  I  have  had  the  good  will  and  the  support  of  my  brother  Com- 
missioners, because  for  the  eighteen  months  I  have  been  engaged  in  this 
work,  not  a  day  passed  over  my  head,  not  a  step  has  been  taken,  not  an  ad- 
dition has  been  made  to  the  work  in  hand  that  has  not  carried  with  it  an 
indication  of  the  cordial,  earnest,  sincere  support  of  the  Commissioners  of 
the  States  and  Territories,  without  whose  assistance  and  co-operation  the 
greater  part  of  this  work  would  have  been  in  vain.  I  have  no  complaint  to 
make  against  the  public,  who  have  held  up  our  hands  in  such  a  manner  as 
men  were  never  supported  before.  I  have  no  complaint  to  make,  in  fact, 
against  any  person,  or  against  any  body  of  people.  Whatever  of  diversity 
has  come  into  this  work  has  come  from  causes  that  were  beyond  our  con- 
trol. There  is  no  one  to  blame.  We  have  had  the  earnest,  hearty  sympathy 
and  the  entire  good  will  of  the  whole  country  from  the  commencement  of 
this  great  work. 

It  is  idle  to  say  that  any  man,  or  any  set  of  men,  could  have  brought  to  a 
successful  consummation  the  labors  of  which  the  results  are  here  presented, 
unaided  by  the  vast  forces  that  have  been  brought  into  operation  in  carry- 
ing out  our  plans.  And  where  were  those  forces?  Starting  in  the  South, 
where  the  movement  received  its  inspiration,  they  spread  throughout  the 
whole  land,  from  Maine  to  Washington,  from  Iowa  to  Louisiana.  We  re- 
ceived naught  but  s-ympathy  and  good  wishes  from  every  section  of  the 
country. 

Of  all  the  works  that  have  been  undertaken  by  man,  this  common  effort 
of  the  united  American  people  is  the  most  stupendous.  Not  confined  to 
any  one  man,  or  to  any  single  set  of  men,  smiled  upon  by  the  National  gov- 
ernment, and  by  the  governments  of  foreign  countries,  aided  and  supported 
by  the  people,  touching  every  interest  in  this  broad  land,  is  it  a  wonder  that 
success  has  crowned  our  effort? 

I  feel  deeply  tjie  compliment  conveyed  me  by  the  gentlemen  on  my  right 
(the  Commissioners),  and  I  wish  to  say  that  as  far  as  I  am  concerned  in  this 
Exposition,  whatever  may  be  the  temporary  course  that  circumstances 
compel  me  to  follow  in  the  discharge  of  my  duty  here,  my  heart  is  in  this 
great  work,  and  my  hands  will  be  in  it,  so  far  as  I  can,  in  any  way  that  will 
serve  to  stretch  it  out  to  its  proper  consummation. 

In  retiring  from  active  participation  in  the  work  I  do  so  with  but  one  sin- 
gle regret,  and  it  is  that  circumstances  beyond  my  control  and  imperative 
upon  me,  and  nothing  else,  compel  me  to  leave  the  State  Commissioners 
and  my  associates  in  the  Board  of  Management  before  our  work  has  been 
entirely  finished.  But  my  heart  is  still  in  it,  and  as  I  said  before  my  hands 
will  be  in  it  wherever,  with  proper  discharge  of  my  duty,  I  can  lend  any  aid 
to  advance  its  interests. 

But  I  came  here  to-day  for  another  purpose  than  what  I  have  been  speak- 
ing of.  Here,  under  the  live  oaks  of  Louisiana,  hung  with  our  mosses  of 
gray,  pendant  toward  the  earth,  falling  as  tear-drops,  tears  typical  of  those 
that  have  been  shed  over  the  divisions  that  have  existed  among  the  people 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  109 

of  this  broad  land;  tears,  mayhap,  typical  of  the  sorrows  that  have  been 
suffered  by  my  own  fair  State.  But  whatever  our  oaks  and  our  moss  may 
typify  in  that  respect  is  now  of  the  past,  and  they  serve  to  lend  a  beauty 
and  an  enchantment  to  the  celebration  here  to-day  of  the  people  of  Iowa, 
who  have  come  to  us  with  such  profusion  of  their  products.  On  behalf  of 
the  men  and  women  of  Louisiana  I  extend  to  you  a  hearty,  cordial  welcome 
to  our  soil,  to  our  city,  and  to  our  Exposition. 

They  tell  me  that  statistics  are  dry,  and  that  people  do  not  care  to  listen 
to  them.  But  there  is  to  my  mind  no  study  more  delightful  than  that  of 
the  statistics  of  those  great  States.  It  is  a  study  that  affords  food  for  re- 
flection, food  for  instruction.  We  gather  from  such  a  study  a  knowledge  of 
our  country  that  leads  us  on  into  higher  and  better  paths. 

When  I  study  the  history  of  my  country,  its  history  as  presented  in  the 
Government  building,  I  am  filled  with  higher  and  better  thoughts.  Whether 
I  have  traveled  through  the  portals  of  the  marble  temple  erected  by  my 
friend  Mead  of  Vermont,  or  through  the  great  granary  of  the  Northwest, 
the  great  State  of  Iowa,  L  do  not  forget  that  State  represented  by  my  friend, 
Commissioner  Fairall,  and  which  is  celebrating  here  to-day,  ranks  first  in 
its  production  per  capita  of  corn,  wheat,  oats  and  hay,  and  that  as  an  agri- 
cultural State  it  ranks  second  among  the  States  of  the  whole  Union.  I  re- 
member that  in  total  production  it  is  the  greatest  dairy  State  in  the  Union; 
that  it  produces  one-third  of  all  the  butter  of  the  United  States,  and  one- 
twelfth  of  all  the  milk  I  remember  that  it  has  7,600  miles  of  railroads, 
more  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union  except  Illinois,  and  that  for  the  last 
twenty- five  years  it  has  been  holding  out  its  hands  to  welcome  the  vast  in- 
creasing flow  of  immigration  from  the  over-populated  lands  of  the  Old 
World — that  great  flow  of  immigration,  the  right  of  which  we  mean  here- 
after to  contest  with  you.  That  immigration  has  built  up  the  population  of 
Iowa  from  674,913  in  1860  to  1,900,000  in  1885.  And  not  only  has  Iowa  become 
a  great  State  in  agricultural  products,  but  a  great  agricultural  State  as  well. 
But  greater  still  in  my  esteem,  greater  than  her  vast  agricultural  products, 
which  bring  her  $120,000,000  a  year;  greater  than  her  manufacturing  pro- 
ducts, which  are  rapidly  forcing  her  to  the  front  as  a  manufacturing  State — 
is  Iowa  on  account  of  the  immense  progress  and  development  she  has  made 
in  the  grand  cause  of  education,  with  her  13,624  school-houses,  her  22,516 
school  teachers,  her  grand  State  University,  her  magnificent  normal  schools, 
her  schools  of  instruction  for  young  women,  her  agricultural  and  mechani- 
cal colleges,  her  institutions  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  and  feeble  minded  of 
her  population,  and  her  reformatory  schools,  this  grand  State  with  her  500,- 

000  school  children,  spends  $5,52o,<K'0  on  education.    Why,  to  us  it  seems 
marvelous;  and,  when  I  say  so,  1  speak  for  the  people  who  have  been  denied 
the  benefits  that  have  been  conferred  upon  the  people  of  that  great  State.   I 
speak  on  behalf  ot  the  people  dwelling  in  the  great  dark  valley,  with  78,  79, 
80  and  81  per  cent  of  our  colored  population  unable  to  read,  and  with  2S  per 
cent  of  our  white  population  in  the  same  condition,  with  our  children 
growing  up  in  ignorance  throuchout  the  length  and  breadth  of  our  section. 

1  repeat,  that  to  us  it  seems  marvelous— $5,500,000  a  year!    It  is  true  that  the 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

South  now  devotes  to  the  cause  of  education  twice  as  much  as  it  did  five 
years  ago,  and  four  times  as  much  as  it  did  in  1870;  and  that  we  have  3,120,- 
000  children  in  our  schools  at  the  present  time,  as  against  1,242,600  eight 
years  ago.  This  proves  that  we  are  advancing  in  the  right  direction.  We 
have  reduced  our  general  taxation  twenty-five  per  cent  during  the  last  five 
years,  while  the  taxation  for  educational  purposes  has  been  largely  increased. 
In  1870  not  a  dollar  was  appropriated  for  school  purposes  in  some  of  the 
Southern  States;  they  now  average  an  appropriation  of  $700,000  or  $800,000- 
each.  But  the  very  best  of  us  cannot  spend  much  more  than  that  amount, 
and  it  is  therefore  marvelous  to  us  that  the  people  of  your  great  State  have 
in  the  possession  of  a  school  system  that  excites  the  admiration  of  the  world, 
may  we  not  hope  that  in  the  near  future  the  people  of  Iowa  and  of  the  great 
Northwest  and  of  the  East  will  come  down  and  aid  us  in  solving  the  great 
problem  that  determines  our  future;  aid  us  in  lifting  those  clouds  of  igno- 
rance that  now  weigh  so  heavily  upon  our  people;  aid  us  in  shedding  upon 
our  people  the  beneficent  rays  of  educational  light,  that  they  may  all  be 
lifted  up  to  a  higher  citizenship?  Why  is  it  that  our  great  government, 
reaching  over  all  these  millions  of  people,  cannot  reach  out  its  hand,  and 
from  out  of  its  great  plentitude,  aid  us  in  our  effort  to  disperse  these  clouds 
of  ignorance? 

I  hope  the  day  will  soon  come  when  the  petty  obstructions  that  prevent 
this  being  done  may  be  swept  away,  and  broader  ideas  fill  the  minds  of 
American  statesmen.  Meanwhile,  if  by  the  mingling  of  the  people  here 
from  different  sections  of  the  country,  we  have  been  able  to  create  a  greater 
unity  of  sentiment,  a  greater  harmony  of  action  between  each  other;  if  we 
have  welded  the  bonds  of  the  Union  more  firmly  together,  we  have  accom- 
plished the  grandest  part  of  the  work  we  set  out  to  do. 

And  now  1  am  reminded  by  the  beautiful  spectacle  before  me  that  I  have 
another  duty  to  discharge.  As  I  understand  it,  these  flowers  are  presented 
by  one  lady,  representing  the  daughter  State,  Iowa,  to  another  lady  who 
represents  the  mother  State,  Louisiana.  God  bless  the  ladies!  They  have 
done  their  work  nobly  in  that  building  over  there.  Not  only  the  men  have 
struggled  to  see  that  the  resources  of  their  State  have  been  fairly  and  prop- 
erly represented,  but  the  women  have  done  great  work  in  that  direction,  and 
must  and  shall  always  at  my  hands  receive  their  meed  of  praise.  The  ladies 
of  Iowa  have  assisted  us  in  our  work  splendidly.  And  in  remembering  all 
that  they  have  done,  and  all  that  the  women  of  Iowa's  sister  States  of  the 
N  orth  have  done,  we  will  forget  the  tears  that  have  been  shed  in  the  past  and 
remember  only  the  bright  skies  that  shine  above  us  in  the  sunny  South.  Our 
arms  are  open  to  receive  the  men  of  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  the 
women  of  Louisiana  will  be  ever  ready  to  embrace  their  sisters  of  Iowa  and 
the  Northwest. 

But  not  only  is  Iowa  represented  by  her  men  and  women  of  the  white 
race.  She  is  represented  in  another  display  that  lay  near  and  dear  to  the 
hearts  of  the  management— that  of  making  a  representation  of  the  indus- 
trial progress  of  the  colored  race.  It  was  not  alone  the  arts  and  the  sciences, 
not  alone  the  gathering  together  Of  that  immense  amount  of  machinery 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

whose  hum  drowns  the  air  of  the  great  Main  building,  not  alone  the  repre- 
sentation of  the  rich  resources  of  this  country,  that  we  had  in  view.  There 
lay  down  behind  all  that  another  plan. 

For  full  twenty  years  the  air  has  resounded  with  professions  of  the  peo- 
ple of  the  white  race  as  to  what  they  would  do  for  their  benighted  colored 
brethren.  Philosophers,  statesmen,  politicians  have  struggled  in  vain, 
fighting  over  that  question  which  has  been  the  disturbing  element,  perhaps 
the  most  disturbing  element  of  our  section  in  the  past.  I  say  "in  the  past," 
because,  thank  God,  the  time  whea  it  was  or  could  be  a  disturbing  element 
with  our  people  has  passed  away.  The  men  of  the  north,  honest  and  sin- 
cere in  their  convictions,  as  I  have  no  doubt  they  were,  have  exhausted 
themselves  in  vain,  in  endeavoring  to  solve  this  problem;  and  it  remained 
for  the  people  of  the  south  to  take  it  up  and  go  on  with  it  manfully  to  a 
proper  ending.  No  longer  will  the  councils  of  the  nation  be  disturbed  by 
the  color  question,  for  over  in  that  building  fronting  on  St.  Charles  avenue, 
the  groundwork  has  been  laid  for  the  future  union  of  the  people  of  the 
south — white  and  black.  We  have  taken  the  steps  to  lift  them  up  to  a 
higher  and  better  sphere.  Their  exhibit  has  been  placed  where  the  colored 
spectator,  looking  down  from  the  gallery  of  that  building,  gazes  upon  the 
rich  and  varied  resources  of  the  country  in  which  he  lives.  He  sees  the 
magnificent  minerals  of  Alabama  and  Arkansas,  the  immense  cotton  fields 
of  Mississippi  and  Texas,  the  cane  fields  of  Louisiana;  but  he  sees  also  in 
the  great  resources  of  that  section  where  his  part  may  be  played  in  the 
future.  We  mean  by  that  exhibit  to  teach  the  colored  man  his  capacity  for 
manufacturing  and  industrial  pursuits.  We  intend  to  open  up  for  the 
future  to  him  the  factory  and  the  workshop,  and,  in  fact,  every  avenue  of 
advancement  that  is  open  to  the  white  man;  every  avenue  that  will  elevate 
his  children,  that  will  make  his  family  better,  and  that  will  make  him  a  bet- 
ter member  of  society.  We  intend  to  take  1,000,000  of  this  race  from  tilling 
the  soil  and  transfer  them  to  the  workshop  and  the  factory. 

We  of  the  south  intend  to  become  in  the  near  future  a  manufacturing 
section,  and  if  we  have  brought  here  representations  of  the  manufactures 
and  inventions  of  all  parts  of  the  world,  it  is  not  only  out  of  a  general  de- 
sire to  promote  a  unity  of  interests  and  trade,  but  because  we  want  to 
teach  our  own  people  how  by  the  use  of  these  inventions  they  may  produce 
more  from  the  magnificent  country  which  God  has  given  them.  In  trans- 
ferring the  colored  man  into  the  work-shop  and  the  factory,  we  will  take 
the  improved  inventions  of  our  friends  of  the  East  and  use  them  for  the 
better  cultivation  of  our  soil. 

But  I  have  been  led  away.  I  intended  to  say  only  a  few  words  in 
acknowledgement  of  the  honor  that  has  been  conferred  upon  us  by  the  peo- 
ple of  Iowa.  From  the  earliest  commencement  of  this  work  their  hearts 
have  been  with  us,  and  their  hearts  are  with  us  yet,  and  must  remain  with 
us,  for  the  work  of  Iowa  is  not  finished.  Whether  this  Exposition  is  car- 
ried over  and  reopened  in  November  next,  as  I  think  and  as  I  hope  it  will 
be,  and  as  it  will  certainly  be  if  we  all  put  our  shoulders  to  the  wheel,  there 
remains  for  Iowa  a  continuance  of  another  work  than  that  represented  in 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

her  exhibit  in  the  Government  building,  the  promotion  of  the  continued 
good  feeling  and  unity  of  interests  of  which  the  ground -work  has  been  laid 
in  this  Exposition. 

The  grand  work  taken  up  by  this  Exposition  must  be  taken  up  and  car- 
ried on  by  the  two  States.  We  of  this  city,  sitting  here  at  the  foot  of  the 
great  river,  stand  ready  to  receive  the  great  products  of  your  State,  not 
alone  for  the  market  that  we  of  the  south  could  offei ;  but  we  invite  you  to 
enlist  with  us  under  the  banner  that  we  have  raised  in  our  attempt  to  cap- 
ture $400,000,000  of  trade  that  lies  right  to  the  south  of  us.  When  we  have 
captured  that,  we  will  stretch  out  across  the  great  Orient  and  seize  upon 
the  $500,000,000  that  awaits  us  there,  and  there  we  will  find  new  markets  for 
the  grain  and  the  manufactures  of  the  State  of  Iowa.  We  will  get  our  lit- 
tle commissions  out  of  it,  of  course.  But  if  you  will  come  down  and  see 
us,  and  bring  all  your  people  with  you,  we  will  promise  to  spend  a  goodly 
part  of  it  in  making  your  visit  a  pleasant  one. 

TRIBUTE  TO  THE  IOWA  COMMISSION. 

Capt.  Ham,  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  in  a  few  appropriate  words,  then  proposed 
the  following  resolutions: 

WHEREAS,  Through  the  efforts  and  untiling  labors  of  Iowa  representa- 
tives to  the  World's  Exposition,  Herbert  S.  Fairall,  the  United  States  Com- 
missioner; F.  N.  Chase,  the  assistant;  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Scott,  Miss  Scott,  W. 
C.  Huntington,  L.  K.  Bowdish,  L.  G.  Clute  and  Frank  M.  Leonard,  and  to 
all  the  others  who  have  aided  in  the  work,  the  agricultural,  mineral,  educa- 
tional, manufacturing  and  other  resources  of  the  Hawkeye  State  have  been 
exhibited  in  such  ample  measure  and  representative  manner,  and  by  such 
labors  and  exhibits  the  great  natural  wealth  of  the  State  shown  in  splendid 
manner 

Resolved,  That  we,  representing  the  gathering  of  nearly  a  thousand  people 
of  Iowa,  who  have  come  to  the  Exposition  in  greater  numbers  than  any 
Northern  or  Western  State,  desire  in  this  manner  to  attest  our  thanks  and 
appreciation  to  our  Commissioners  and  representatives  for  their  efforts  in 
face  of  accidents  and  discouragements,  and  for  the  splendid  exhibit  of  the 
State. 

Resolved^  That  we  thus  cordially  attest  our  appreciation  of  the  glorious 
reception  and  large-hearted  hospitality  with  which  the  people  of  the  South 
have  received  us,  representing  the  people  of  the  North,  and  thereby  formed 
an  unbreakable  chain  of  friendship  and  love. 

Short  addresses  were  made  by  Judge  Sebring,  U.  S.  Commissioner 
for  Florida,  and  others. 

The  distribution  of  the  beautiful  Iowa  badges  and  handsome  invi- 
tations was  very  successfully  done,  and  the  grounds  and  city  were 
sprinkled  with  the  magic  word  "  Iowa."  The  invitations, bearing  the 
seals  of  Iowa  and  Louisiana,  illustrated  happily  the  greeting  of  the 
daughter  to  the  mother  State. 

For  souvenirs  were  given  out  5,000  maps  of  the  State,  which  show 
by  black  dots  the  sahool  houses  of  Iowa.  The  inscription  was,  "A 
school  house  on  every  hill-top;  13,624  school  houses;  22,516  school 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

teachers  on  Iowa's  great  farm."  The  map  was  eagerly  treasured  and 
is  really  a  wonderful  exhibit  in  itself  for  Iowa. 

Commissioner  Barrow,  of  Louisiana,  through  his  assistant,  Captain 
Bullitt,  sent  Commissioner  Fairall  a  very  kind  letter  on  behalf  of 
Lousiana  to  her  daughter  Iowa,  and  accompanied  it  with  a  splendid 
collection  of  cotton  bolls,  which  were  distributed  among  the  lowans. 

The  greeting  of  the  daughter  Iowa  to  the  mother  Louisiana  was  a 
happy  idea,  and  it  was  carried  out  in  a  brilliant  manner.  The  Loui- 
siana people  were  loud  in  their  praise  of  the  proceedings  of  Iowa 
Bay. 


15 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


FINANCIAL. 


The  question  of  finances,  as  in  all  enterprises,  was  an  important 
one  at  the  outset  of  this  work.  From  the  loan  of  one  million  dollars 
made  by  Congress  to  the  Exposition,  as  has  been  explained  in  pre- 
ceding pages,  the  sum  of  $5,000  was  appropriated  by  the  Board  of 
Management  to  the  Commissioner  of  each  State  and  Territory,  to 
enable  him  to  awaken  an  interest  in  his  State  toward,  and  to  help 
in,  preparing  a  collective  exhibit.  While  this  sum  was  assured  in 
May,  1884,  no  part  of  it  was  available  until  in  August  following. 
During  the  time  preceding  and  in  the  last  named  month,  in  my  visits 
over  the  State,  and  in  my  conference  with  representative  men  and 
women,  in  all  branches  of  industry,  I  found  the  deepest  interest  in 
the  Exposition  and  in  the  presentation  of  a  proper  exhibit  therein  of 
the  resources  and  products  of  Iowa.  Acting  upon  this  expression  of 
public  opinion  some  course  was  found  imperative  to  provide  additional 
means  to  prepare,  install,  and  maintain  a  display  that  would  reflect 
oredit  upon  the  State.  In  the  preliminary  work  one-half  of  the  $5,000 
referred  to  was  consumed,  as  is  shown  by  the  itemized  statement  of 
its  expenditure,  on  file  with  all  the  papers  of  the  Commission,  which 
are  herewith  transmitted,  and  an  abstract  of  which  is  contained  herein. 
The  problem  of  finances  was  finally  partially  solved  by  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Iowa  Commission,  the  latter  part  of  August,  as  described 
in  preceding  pages.  From  its  organization,  all  its  financial  affairs,  in- 
cluding the  disbursement  of  the  remaining  half  of  the  $5,000,  were 
conducted  by  the  Commission  or  through  the  executive  committee 
upon  strict  business  principles.  A  compensation  was  agreed  upon 
for  those  members  of  the  Commission  who  were  assigned  to  work  in 
the  State  and  at  New  Orleans.  The  bills  of  such  members  and  of 
assistants  and  all  persons  performing  labor  or  furnishing  material 
were  passed  upon  and  attested  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Commission 
and  approved  by  the  President  and  the  Governor  of  the  State.  In 
all  cases  of  the  expenditure  of  money,  the  vouchers  have  been  made 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

and  checks  attached  thereto  drawn  upon  the  Treasurer.  The  vouch- 
ers covering  all  of  the  expenditures  of  the  Commission,  and  contain- 
ing itemized  and  receipted  bills  for  the  amounts  called  for,  are  on  file, 
in  complete  form,  with  all  of  the  papers  and  documents  of  the  Com- 
mission, and  are  transmitted  herewith,  while  a  full  abstract  of  the 
same  is  contained  in  the  Treasurer's  report,  herewith  given.  The  de- 
lay in  raising  the  fund  of  $30,000,  which  was  deemed  necessary  by 
the  Commission  for  the  work  it  had  marked  out,  and  the  necessary 
expense  incured  in  raising  such  a  fund,  was  a  source  of  great  incon- 
venience to  the  Commission.  Not  that  there  was  a  lack  of  interest 
in  the  matter  throughout  the  State,  but  from  the  fact  that  a  personal 
visit  was  required  in  many  instances  to  get  together  the  public  spirited 
citizens  to  obtain  concerted  action.  An  exciting  presidential  political 
campaign  was  one  of  the  most  serious  obstacles  to  a  more  rapid  con- 
tribution to  the  fund.  Another  dilema  interposed  itself,  when  the 
Treasurer  began  to  receive  his  returns  from  various  counties  of  the 
State.  The  contributions  were  almost  invariably  in  the  form  of 
promisory  notes,  signed  by  a  number  of  the  best  men  in  each  county, 
and  drawn  payable  on  or  before  July  1,  1886.  Such  notes  were  not 
exactly  bankable  and  by  reason  of  the  large  number  of  signers,  not 
easily  negotiable,  although  gilt  edged  paper  in  every  respect.  The 
actual  cash  received  by  the  Treasurer  was  used  principally  to  pay 
bills  that  admitted  of  no  delay,  while  the  members  of  the  Commis- 
sion, who,  from  the  outset  to  the  close  of  the  work,  were  compelled 
to  advance  from  their  own  pockets,  money  for  their  expenses  and  even 
for  the  material  and  expense  of  the  exhibit,  were  forced  to  take  their 
reimbursement  in  the  form  of  the  notes  referred  to  and  negotiate 
them  as  they  deemed  best.  As  the  work  progressed,  especially  during 
the  installation  of  the  exhibit  and  its  maintenance  at  New  Orleans, 
the  difficulties  described  were  most  felt,  but  with  the  determination 
that  the  display  from  the  State  should  not  be  impaired  and  that  the 
credit  of  Iowa  shouly  be  maintained,  every  dollar  of  expenses  was 
paid,  in  many  instances  from  private  funds.  As  a  result,  the  expen- 
ditures exceeded  the  assets  of  every  kind  in  the  treasury.  As  are  shown 
in  the  Treasurer's  report  there  are  several  checks  drawn  outstanding 
to  cover  such  advances  and  other  sums  due  members  of  the  Commis- 
sion. In  the  same  report  the  list  of  counties  contributing  to  the  fund 
and  the  amount  of  such  contributions  are  given,  together  with  a  state- 
ment of  all  moneys  received  from  all  other  sources,  and  the  disburse- 
ment of  all  funds.  It  will  be  seen  by  the  report  that  the  sum 


HQ  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

advanced  in  cash  and  notes  and  the  checks  on  the  Commission  out- 
standing amount  to  the  sum  of  $26,493.54.  This  sum  includes  the 
interest  on  outstanding  notes  to  March  1,  1886.  The  Commission, 
the  citizens  who  are  obliged  therefor,  and  the  people  of  the  State,  will 
respectfully  ask  the  General  Assembly,  soon  to  convene,  to  make  an 
appropriation,  that  these  obligations  may  be  met  by  the  Commission. 
Encouraged  by  the  unanimous  voice  of  the  people  to  loan  their  credit 
to  the  State,  at  a  time  when  the  State  was  powerless  to  act,  the  citi- 
zens financially  responsible  have  good  reason  to  believe  that  the  entire 
State  will  share  the  expenses  of  the  exhibit,  especially  as  the  entire 
State  has  been  benefited  by  it.  The  liberal  action  of  the  State  in  the 
past  in  supporting  exhibits  of  the  resources  and  products  at  Expo- 
sitions leads  us  to  this  belief.  For  the  Philadelphia  Exposition  the 
Iowa  Legislature  appropriated  $20,000,  and  for  the  exhibit  of  its  edu- 
cational interests  at  Madison,  Wisconsin,  $1,000.  The  people  of 
Minnesota,  Michigan,  Illinois  and  other  States,  whose  Legislatures 
had  regarded  the  Exposition  in  the  same  light  as  did  the  Twentieth 
General  Assembly  of  Iowa,  followed  the  example  of  citizens  in  Iowa 
in  extending  their  credit  to  their  States,  and  in  every  instance  the 
Legislatures  of  the  States  named  at  the  first  opportunity  relieved  the 
•citizens  of  the  obligation  that  they  had  patriotically  incurred. 


BEPOHT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


117 


118 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


•junoray 


CO 


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g|    g|    g    g    |    |    §    8 


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x  others 


.  S.  F, 
A.  Ellis  and 
E.  H.  Conger 


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_  oaao  oo  o ao  oo  oo 
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OOW     EM     KM     »-5     1-5     1-5     -3     _3 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


119 


888    888    88    8888    88    8888    88 

§88  i  i  i  I&  i  g  i  i  ii  i  i  i  i  §~ 


OO         00         00  CO 


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131.  :£ 

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120 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


•junorav 


88 


8818 


<0~ 


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s  1 


a  .9 


6 


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222 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


121 


TREASURER'S  REPORT— CONTINUED. 
Abstract  of  Disbursements  and  Vouchers  unpaid. 


TO    WHOM   PAID  AND  FOB  WHAT    PURPOSE. 


AMOUNT. 


1  J.  W.  Akers,  Supt.,  clerk  hire  and  personal  expenses 1$  50.00 

2  Mary  A.  Scott,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem |  88.15 

3  F.  N.  Chase,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem — 100.00 

4  W.  C.  Huntington,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 50.00 

5  J.  J.  Snouffer,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 50.00 

6  S.  Calvin,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 50.00 

7  C.  A.  Huston,  expenses  *udper  diem 50.00 

8  Cedar  Rapids  Republican,  proceedings  of  Commis'n  for  distribution  (papers)  65.00 

9  John  Scott,  Supt..  expenses  and  per  diem 11.50 

10  Iowa  City  .Publishing  Co.,  printing,  job  work,  binding,  and  advances  for 

postage  and  expressage 501. 45 

11  W.  A.  Morrison,  rent  of  office  for  Commission 56.00 

12  U.  S.  Express  Co.,  expressage 21.80 

13  A.  J.  Hershire  &  Co. ,  State  Press  with  the  proceedings  of  Commission 30.00 

14  G.  B.  Brackett,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 85.50 

15  E.  H.  Calkins,  Assistant,  Hort.  Dept.,  expenses  and  per  diem 36.10 

16  J.  J.  Snouffer,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 19.75 

17  John  Scott,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 10.75 

18  Muscatine  Journal,  papers  for  distribution  in  State 5.80 

19  Mary  S.  Scott,  Supt.,  expenses  andperdiem. 53.91 

20  Grand  Hotel,  Cedar  Rapids,  expense  of  meeting  of  Commssiou 25.00 

21  Cedar  Rapids  Herald,  papers  for  disi  ribution  in  State 6.00 

22  P.  R.  Fawcett,  services  as  clerk  to  Commission 50.00 

23  W.  C.  Huntington,  cash  advanced  for  expenses  and  service 35.00 

24  H.  S.  Fairall,  cash  advanced  for  use  of  Commission 286.60 

25  C.  A.  Huston,  Supt.,  per  diem,  expenses,  and  balance  due 91.52 

26  W.  C.  Huntington,  Supt.,  per  diem,  expenses,  and  reimbursement 113.70 

27  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.,  telegraphing ". 12.59 

28  Gazette,  Cedai  Rapids,  newspapers  for  distribution 7.50 

29  American  Express  Co.,  expressage 3.65 

30  H.  S.  Fairall,  Commissioner,  expenses  and  per  diem 198.00 

31  H.  S.  Fairall,  cash  advanced  for  expenses  of  Commission 118.42 

32  S.  Calvin,  Supt.,  balance  of  expenses  and  per  diem 85.90 

33  A.  S.  Wilder,  expenses  and  per  diem 65.00 

34  Iowa  City  Publishing  Co.,  printing  and  cash  advanced  for  postage,  clerk 

hire,  etc 123.15 

35  F.  N.  Chase,  Supt.,  balance,  expences  and  per  diem 69.58 

36  Mary  A.  Scott,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 61.80' 

37  J.  W.  Akers,  Supt.,  bills  paid  for  material 100.00 

38  C.  A.  Huston,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 141.67 

39  F.  N.  Chase,  Supt.,  expences  and  per  diem 169.16 

40|G.  B.  Brackett,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 37.01 

41  j  J.  W.  Akers,  Supt.,  bills  paid  for  work  and  material 94.25. 

42iW.  C.  Huntington,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 60.55 

43iAlbert  Head,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 65.00 

44JJ.  J,  Snouffer,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 59.25 

45  Mary  A.  Scott,  Supt.,  expenses  and  per  diem 75.35 

461  A.  B.  Wilder,  expenses  and  per  diem 75.00 

47|H.  S.  Fairall,  Com'r,  expenses  and  per  diem 366.00 

48;  H.  S.  Fairall,  cash  advanced  for  expenses  of  Commission 200.00 

49  P.  R.  Fawcett,  services  as  clerk • 65.00 

60  W.  A.  Morrison,  rent  of  office  used  by  Commission 56.00 

62  Iowa  City  Publishing  Co.,  casn  advanced  for  express,  telegraph,  postage, 

I       etc.,  and  for  printing 100.00 


16 


122 


WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 
TREASURER'S  REPORT— CONTINUED. 


TO  WHOM  PAID  AND  FOB  WHAT  PURPOSE. 


54  F.  N.  Chase,  Superintendent,  cash  paid  lor  material  for  Commission  

55'C.  A.  Huston,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

56' W.  C.  Huntington,  expenses  and  per  diem 

57  J.  J.  Snouffer,  Superintendent,  per  diem  and  expenses,  and  cash  paid  for 
I    flour  exhibit 

58  John  Scott,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

59  Mrs.  F.  S.  Dunham,  material  for  agricultural  exhibit 

60  F.  N.  Chase,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

62  J.  J.  Snouffer,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

63  W.  C.  Huntington,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

64  Mary  S.  Scott,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

65  S.  Calvin,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem  — 

66  L.  F.  Andrews,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

67  T.  H.  McBride,  Assistant  Superintendent  educational  exhibit,  expenses  and 

per  diem 

68  F.  S.  Dunham,  Assistant  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

69  R.  R.  Allin,  assisting  in  preparing  exhibit 

72  H.  S.  Fairall,  expenses  and  per  diem 

73  P.  R.  Fawcett,  services  as  clerk  and  expenses 

74  S.  Calvin,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem  and  material 

75  Executive  Committee,  on  installing  exhibit  at  New  Orleans 

76  J.  S.  Ely,  Treasurer,  expenses  and  per  diem 

77  Mary  S.  Scott,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

78  J.  W.  Akers,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

79  F.  N.  Chase,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

81  C.  A.  Huston,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

82  Executive  Commit  tee,  installation  of  »>xhibit 

83  F.  N.  Chase,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

84  Mary  S.  Scott,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

86  C.  A.  Huston,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem  of  self  and  assistant.. 

88ISam'l  Holland,  expressage  and  transferring 

90  B.  F.  Chase  &  Co.,  signs  and  banners 

92  W.  A.  Bryants  Co.,  labor,  building  grain  pyramid 

94  E.  H.  Smith,  material  for  exhibit 

95  T.  H.  McBride,  expenses  and  per  diem 

96  P.  R.  Fawcett,  services  as  clerk 

98  S.  A.  Converse,  expenses  in  preparing  exhibit 

99  A.  L.  Goddard,  material  for  exhibit 

105  Cedar  Rapids  Republican,  newspapers 

106  Executive  Committee,  expenses  of  installation 

108  P.  R.  Fawcett,  services  as  clerk 

109  F.  N.  Chase,  expenses  and  per  diem 

110  iMary  S.  Scort,  expenses  and  per  diem 

111  Harry  Gregg,  registry  clerk 

112  Executive  Committee,  maintenance  of  exhibit 

113  L.K.  Bowdish,  Assistant,  expenses  and  per  diem 

114  L.  K.  Bowdish,  Assistant,  expenses  and  per  diem 

115  L.  K.  Bowdish,  Assistant,  expenses  and  per  diem  and  expense  of  Dubuque 

exhibit 

116  JohnS.  Ely,  Treasurer,  expenses  and  per  diem 

117  John  Scott,  expenses  and  per  diem 

120  W.  C.  Huntington,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  perdiem 

121  F.  N.  Chase,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  per  diem 

122  Mary  S.  Scott,  Superintendent,  expenses  and  perdiem 

125  Executive  Committee,  maintenance  of  exhibit 

126  Executive  Committee,  maintenance  of  exhibit 

127  Iowa  City  Publishing  Company,  printing 

129  Executive  Committee,  maintenance  of  exhibit 

134  F.  N.  Chase,  expenses  in  raising  funds  for  exhibit 

136  Executive  Committee,  maintenance  of  exhibit 

137  Executive  Committee,  maintenance  of  exhibit , 

140  Jno.  S.  Ely,  Treasurer,  discount  on  notes 


AMOUNT. 


REPOBT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


123 


TREASURER'S  REPORT— CONTINUED. 

EXPENSES  PAID. 


TO  WHOM  PAID  AND  FOB  WHAT  PURPOSE. 


AMOUNT. 


Bill  of  J.  K.  Beekman,  expenses  of  collecting  Dubuque  countyquota $  6.00 

Bill  of  S.  K.  Scott,  expenses  of  collecting  Duouque  quota 8.00 

B411  of  J.  W.  Newbury  &  Co. ,  expenses  of  collecting  Dubuque  quota 16.00 

Exchange  on  draft .15 

NOTES  ON  HAND. 

Winnebago  county  note $  85.00 

O'Brien  county  notes  (3) 79.00 

Audubon  county  note 200.00 

Van  Buren  county  note 25.00 

Dallas  county  note 25.05  414.00 

Balance,  cash  on  hand.... 32.76 

Total $  19.160.22 

The  following  vouchers  are  outstanding  and  unpaid. 

51  B.  H.  Calkins,  expenses  and  per  diem .j>  42.00 

62  J.  J.  Snouffer,  balance  expenses  and  per  diem 63.00 

74  S.  Calvin,  balance  expenses  and  per  diem 59.40 

78  J.  W.  Akers,  balance  expenses  and  per  diem 3«.00 

80  F.  N.  Chase,  balance  expenses  and  per  diem 271.84 

81  C.  A.  Huston,  balance  expenses  and  per  diem 89.85 

86  C.  A.  Huston,  balance  expenses  and  per  diem 170.00 

87  J.  S.  Ely,  balance  expenses  and  per  diem 110.04 

89  J.  W.  Akers,  expenses  and  per  diem 111.33 

91  Boehmler  &  Thompson,  iron  work 16.40 

93  L.  G.  Clute,  material  for  exhibit 60.15 

95  T.  H.  McBride,  balance  expenses  and  per  diem 175.00 

97  W.  C.  Huntington,  expenses  and  per  diem 531.00 

100  Wm.  Braden,  labor  on  exhibit 20.00 

101  S.  E.  Wilson,  expenses  Page  county 50.00 

103  James  Dunne,  expenses  Jackson  county 59.00 

104  E.  A.  Howland,  expenses  Wright  county 40.00 

107  W.  C.  Huntington,  expenses  and  perdiem 279.00 

108  Mrs.  P.  R.  Fawcett,  balance  services  as  clerk 201.10 

111  Harry  Gregg,  balance  services  as  clerk 54.00 

116  J.  S.  Ely,  balance  expenses  and  perdiem 106.70 

HOC.  M.  Murray,  expenses Decatur  county 37.25 

119  W.  C.  Huntington,  balance  expenses  and  perdiem 321.00 

1200.  W.  Snyder,  expenses  Montgomery  county 35.50 

123  S.  Calvin,  expenses  and  per  diem 177.80 

124  E.  C.  Bennett,  expenses  Bremer  county 30.00 

128  H.  S.  Fairall,  expenses  and  perdiem 600.00 

130  H.  S.  Fairall.  expenses  and  per  diem 539.00 

131  J.K.  P.  Thompson,  expenses  Lyon  county 54.25 

132  H.  S.  Fairall,  expenses  and  per  diem 538.00 

133  F.  N.  Chase,  labor  and  material  for  exhibit 685.33 

135  M.  E.  Fairall,  cash  advanced  for  State  day 325.00 

138  Executive  Committee,  maintenance  of  exhibit 875.00 

139  Executive  Committee,  maintenance  of  exhibit 1,278.00 

141  Iowa  State  Teachers' Association,  re-payment  of  loan 200.00 

142  H.  S.  Fairall,  expense  of  returning  exhibit 256.00 

143  P.  G.  Ballingall,  expenses 30.00 

144  Jno.  S.  Ely,expenses 75.60 


124  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 

TREASURER'S  REPORT-CONTINUED. 


TO  WHOM  PAID  AND  FOR  WHAT  PURPOSE. 


AMOUNT. 


145 
146 
147 
148 


J.  W.  Akers,  material  for  school  exhibit 

H.  S.  Fairall,  expenses  and  per  diem 

L.  U.  Clute,  in  full  for  material  and  services 
E.  H.  Smith,  in  full,  expenses  Dubuque  county 


Total. 


75.00 
371.00 
105.00 

10000 

$       9,754.54 


TOTAL  INDEBTEDNESS. 

To  counties  on  notes  outstanding $  17,239.00 

Vouchers  unpaid 9,254.54 

Total  indebtedness $  26,493.54 


COMMISSIONER'S  FUND. 

Abstract  of  expenditures  of  the  fund  of  $5,000  appropriated  by  the  Exposition  to 
the  Commissioner,  from  March  17, 1884,  to  August  28, 1884,  when  the  Com- 
mission was  organized. 

Traveling  expenses,  hotel  bills  and  telegraphing  in  various  parts  of  the  State $  713.66 

Postage,  express  and  printing 532.24 

Expense  of  gathering  exhibits 58.50 

Commissioner's  per  diem 966.00 

Clerk  hire 127.50 

Rentof  office 42.00 

Paid  J.  S.  Ely,  Treasurer  for  Iowa  Commission 2,537.08 

Discounts  in  securing  final  installment 


5,000.00 


THE 


AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

1885-6. 


THE  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

1885-6. 


REASONS  FOR  IOWA'S  PARTICIPATION. 


One  of  the  leading  ideas  of  the  originators  of  the  World's  Expo- 
sition, and  especially  of  the  commissioners  of  the  forty-five  States 
and  Territories  that  participated  in  the  great  enterprise,  was  the  ex- 
tension of  the  trade  of  the  United  States  into  Mexico,  Central  and 
South  America  and  the  islands  of  the  sea. 

The  location  of  the  fair  at  New  Orleans  gave  it  an  extremely 
favorable  position  between  the  two  great  divisions  of  the  continent, 
and  upon  its  grounds  were  placed  the  choicest  products  of  the  fields, 
factory  and  mines  of  this  country,  and  the  most  valuable  articles 
grown  in  the  Latin- American  countries  to  the  south  of  us.  Here  was 
afforded  an  opportunity  for  the  people  of  the  three  Americas  to  ex- 
amine and  compare  the  displays  before  them,  and  to  form  acquain- 
tances that  would  lead  to  closer  business  relations. 

The  bold  fact  stared  the  people  of  our  republic  in  the  face  that 
while  we  are  producing  great  quantities  of  articles  from  field  and 
factory  which  must  be  sold  abroad,  we  are  enjoying  but  a  trifle  of 
the  trade  of  the  population  of  the  Central  and  South  American  coun- 
tries, a  trade  that  is  enormous  and  naturally  belongs  to  us. 

IMPORTANCE  OF  SOUTHERN  TRADE. 

The  countries  of  Mexico,  Central  America,  South  America  and  the 
West  India  Islands  annually  import  goods  to  the  value  of  $500,000,- 
000.00,  of  which  amount  the  United  States  contributes  but  about  six- 
teen per  cent ;  while  of  the  total  annual  imports  from  these  countries 
amounting  to  a  value  of  about  $525,000,000.00,  the  United  States 
takes  but  thirty  per  cent.  When  it  is  considered  that  the  population 


128  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

of  these  countries  numbering  forty-eight  millions,  is  composed  mainly 
of  consumers,  and  when  it  is  further  considered,  as  shown  by  the 
returns  of  the  tenth  census,  that  of  the  total  annual  manufactures  of 
the  United  States  over  $5,396,579,191.00  in  value,  but  two  per  cent 
find  foreign  markets,  the  importance  of  remedying  the  defect  in  our 
trade  is  realized. 

Another  significant  and  unpleasant  fact  was  developed,  that  of  the 
87  per  cent  of  goods  furnished  our  southern  neighbors  by  Europe, 
some  20  per  cent  are  American  goods,  shipped  from  this  country  to 
Europe  and  then  re-shipped  by  European  middlemen  to  Central  and 
South  America.  Nothing  more  humiliating  could  be  presented  to 
the  people  of  the  States  and  Territories  than  this  condition  of  affairs. 

It  was  only  natural  that  an  enterprise  like  the  World's  Exposition, 
looking  to  the  enhancement  of  trade  relations  with  these  countries, 
should  receive  proper  encouragement. 

IOWA   DEEPLY   INTERESTED. 

Iowa  has  already  assumed  rank  among  the  manufacturing  States, 
and  leads  all  States  in  her  dairy  and  many  grain  products.  Her 
geographical  position  in  the  matter  of  distance  to  the  great  oceans 
must  always  handicap  her  in  the  competition  with  the  States  nearer 
the  seaboard  for  the  supply  of  foreign  markets.  In  this  case,  how- 
ever, with  a  growing  market  at  the  mouth  of  the  great  river  washing 
her  borders,  and  the  additional  factor  of  economical  transportation 
over  a  continuous  navigable  waterway  at  her  command,  it  is  difficult 
to  see  how  she  could  remain  uninterested  in  the  success  of  not  only 
of  the  Exposition,  but  in  all  enterprises  vitally  important  to  her 
future,  in  the  establishment  of  increased  trade  with  the  Central  and 
South  American  countries. 

The  World's  Exposition  was  a  decisive  step  in  'the  right  direction. 
Its  unparallelled  display  of  the  resources  and  products  of  the  United 
States,  and  especially  of  manufactured  articles,  was  a  revelation  to 
the  people  of  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America,  whose  large 
exhibit  at  the  Exposition  deeply  interested  our  own  people. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


ACTION  OF  UNITED  STATES   COMMISSIONERS. 


Toward  the  close  of  the  World's  Exposition  the  Commissioners  of 
the  several  States  and  territories  especially  felt  that  the  work  of 
bringing  the  three  Americas  into  closer  commercial  relations  had 
been  but  barely  begun,  and  that  its  importance  demanded  the  contin- 
uance for  another  season,  on  the  same  grounds  and  in  the  same 
buildings,  of  a  similar  Exposition. 


THE  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION  ORGANIZED. 


Accordingly  the  North,  Central  and  South  American  Exposition  was 
organized,  the  Board  of  Management  composed  of  leading  business 
men  of  New  Orleans  and  of  various  States  of  the  Union.  The  citizens 
of  New  Orleans  and  the  railways  and  other  interests  centering  there, 
purchased  stock  in  the  new  enterprise,  so  that  a  cash  capital  of  half 
a  million  dollars  was  realized.  Of  this  sum  $175,000  was  used  to 
purchase  the  buildings  and  fixtures  of  the  old  Exposition.  The  city 
park  containing  the  old  Exposition  buildings  was  granted  the  new 
management  by  the  city.  To  enable  the  States  and  territories,  who 
were  invited  to  continue  their  old  exhibits,  the  uniform  sum  of 
$2,000  was  given  by  the  new  management  to  each  State  and  territory 
that  would  make  an  exhibit  at  the  new  Exposition,  thus  affording 
each  Commissioner  a  nucleus  for  a  fund  sufficient  to  make  a  credit- 
able display  for  his  State  or  territory.  Some  thirty-five  of  the  com- 
monwealths promptly  responded,  among  the  number  being  Iowa, 
whose  people  and  press,  so  far  as  their  representatives  at  the  old 
Exposition  could  ascertain,  were  deeply  interested  in  the  objects  and 
aims  of  these  Expositions. 

17 


130  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 


IOWA'S  EXHIBIT  REMAINS. 


As  Commissioner  at  the  World's  Exposition,  and  without  knowing 
who  would  fill  the  same  position  at  the  new  Exposition,  I  concurred 
with  my  colleagues  in  the  opinion  that  it  would  be  to  the  advantage 
of  the  State  to  be  represented  at  the  North,  Central  and  South 
American  Exposition,  as  no  State  was  more  concerned  for  new  and 
better  markets  for  her  products  than  Iowa.  Accordingly  the  old  and 
most  eligible  space  occupied  by  the  State  in  the  World's  Exposition 
was  retained  and  a  large  amount  in  addition  was  secured,  with  larger 
rooms  for  headquarters.  The  goods  in  the  old  exhibit,  belonging  to 
private  exhibitors,  where  demanded  by  the  owners,  were  returned, 
including  the  large  and  magnificent  school  displays  and  exhibit  of 
women's  work.  On  the  space,  securely  locked  up  or  boxed  and  well 
insured,  were  left  the  racks,  tables,  pyramids,  stands,  pavilions,  build- 
ing stones,  marble,  furniture,  pictures,  glass  tubes,  glass  cases,  bottles 
and  globes  containing  the  varieties  of  seeds  and  grains  from  Iowa,  a 
large  collection  of  native  woods,  many  choice  paintings  and  pictures, 
maps,  drawings,  and  many  other  articles,  principally  the  property  of 
the  Commission.  The  collection  of  grains  left  was  large  and  from 
all  parts  of  Iowa.  It  was  not  until  the  first  of  July  that  all  of  the 
goods  required  to  be  returned  to  Iowa  were  shipped  from  New 
Orleans,  and  during  the  month  of  July  their  distribution  through  the 
State  to  their  respective  owners  was  effected. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


131 


REPLENISHING  THE  EXHIBITS. 


Early  in  August,  1885,  having  been  requested  to  act  as  Commis- 
sioner to  the  North,  Central  and  South  American  Exposition,  by  his 
Excellency  the  Governor  of  the  State,  I  at  once  determined  to  pro- 
ceed with  the  work. 

The  fact  that  the  people  of  Iowa  had  become  generally  interested 
in  such  industrial  and  educational  movements — the  result  of  the  hard 
work  done  by  the  Iowa  Commission  the  preceding  year — made  it 
comparatively  easy  to  secure  from  the  farms,  factories  and  other 
sources  in  the  State  the  material  required  to  rehabilitate  the  old  dis- 
play, and  to  add  to  it  many  attractions.  The  Iowa  Commission  ex- 
tended to  me  and  my  assistant,  Hon.  F.  N.  Chase,  every  possible 
assistance,  as  did  the  citizens  generally  throughout  the  State.  By 
consent  of  the  Commission  the  property  in  its  charge  was  left  for  the 
new  display.  Having  ample  opportunity  to  gather  the  choicest  of 
Iowa  harvest  yields,  and  sufficient  time  to  prepare  it  for  display,  the 
result  has  been  most  gratifying.  Upon  the  opening  of  the  Exposi- 
tion on  November  10th,  1884,  Iowa  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  being 
in  the  most  complete  state  of  readiness  of  all  the  States  in  the  great 
building.  Owing  to  the  advantages  above  mentioned  the  exhibit  was 
reproduced  and  enlarged,  at  a  most  moderate  cost,  and  with  a  smaller 
force  of  assistants  than  was  required  at  the  former  Exposition. 

The  idea  followed  in  the  World's  Exposition  of  representing  by 
separate  departments  the  leading  industries  of  Iowa,  such  as  the  agri- 
cultural, educational,  manufacturing:,  horticultural,  etc.,  was  a  most 
excellent  one,  and  one  that  was  demonstrated  to  the  credit  of  our 
State,  but  necessitated  a  large  force  of  superintendents  and  much  ex- 
pense and  besides  it  had  been  once  illustrated  Iowa;  hence,  a  differ- 
ent and  more  novel  presentation  of  the  State's  attractions  was  found 
desirable. 

The  thought  occurred  to  make  the  new  Iowa  display  illustrate 
three  of  the  great  characteristics  of  the  State — the  Home,  the  Farm, 
the  School.  Properly  and  faithfully  presented,  these  three  features 


132  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

* 

of  Iowa  life  could  embrace  every  resource  of  the  soil  and  the  riches 
below  it — every  product  of  factory  and  work-shop,  and  show  the 
work  of  the  schools. 


THE  EXHIBIT. 


As  many  of  the  articles  in  the  present  display  at  the  American  Ex- 
position are  described  in  my  report  of  the  World's  Exposition,  I  can 
present  to  your  Excellency  no  better  idea  of  its  character  and  appear- 
ance than  by  quoting  the  following  article  from  the  New  Orleans 
Daily  States,  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  conservative  journals  in  the 
South.  In  its  issue  of  December  17th,  1885,  this  paper  says: 

The  first  object  to  attract  attention,  immediately  on  the  right  hand  side, 
at  the  main  or  Prytania  entrance  of  the  Government  Building,  is  the  large 
exhibit  of  Iowa.  The  location  is  especially  prominent,  and  the  space  em- 
braces 20,000  square  feet,  the  largest  allotted  to  any  regular  State  display. 
The  exhibit  is  so  different  from  any  other  that  one  naturally  inquires  how 
this  has  occurred,  and  approaching  the  Commissioner  is  informed  that  it 
was  the  intention  of  Iowa,  not  to  follow  the  custom  so  long  in  vogue  at  ex- 
positions, of  piling  up  a  vast  quantity  of  material,  but  rather  to  make  the 
articles  presented  demonstrate  some  prominent  characteristic  of  the  State. 
*'  In  Iowa,"  said  Mr.  Fairall,  "our  three  crowning  glories  are  the  Home, 
the  Farm  and  the  School.  If  I  can  show  the  people  of  the  world  some  idea 
of  what  these  great  departments  of  Hawkeye  life  are,  I  shall  be  able  to  give 
a  better  impression  of  the  State,  than  if  I  were  to  heap  up  raw  and  manu- 
factured articles  or  simply  weave  mythical  or  fancy  figures  of  straw  and 
grains.  With  this  end  in  view,  I  have  taken  the 

THREE  LEADING  FEATURES 

of  Iowa  :    The  Home,  the  Farm,  and  the  School,  and  sought  to  reproduce 
them  here." 

Standing  at  the  entrance  of  the  Iowa  exhibit,  after  having;  heard  the  ex- 
plicit description  by  the  Commissioner,  and  bearing  in  mind  the  three  great 
divisions  of  his  work,  the  writer  thought  how  completely  Mr.  Fairall  had 
epitomized  the  history,  wealth  and  progress  of  his  State.  No  people  in  the 
world  have  finer  homes  than  are  to  be  found  in  Iowa,  and  the  elegance,  taste 
and  comfort  displayed  in  them,  from  the  poorest  cottage  to  the  greatest 
mansion,  are  matters  of  wonder  to  the  stranger  within  the  gates.  Nearly 
everybody  in  Iowa  owns  their  homes,  and  the  census  shows  that  this  State 
ranks  first  of  all  States  in  this  respect. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


isa 


The  writer  also  thought  of  the  wonderful  record  Iowa  has  made  as  a  farm- 
ing State,  and  recalled  to  mind  the  statistics  given  by  Commissioner  Fairall, 
in  his  speech  at  the  old  Exposition  on  Iowa  Day,  last  May.  He  compared 
the  State  to  a  great  farm,  and  running  through  his  present  exhibit,  he  still 
keeps  up  this  idea,  and  in  order  to  do  so,  he  has  presented  the  model  farm, 
of  which  we  shall  speak  further  along. 

Of  the  third  great  feature  of  Iowa,  which  Mr.  Fairall  brings  out  very  prom- 
inently, and  which  is  a  source  of  great  pride  to  lowans,  and  a  model  for 
other  States  to  imitate,  is  the  school.  "  The  Home,  the  Farm  and  the  School 
are  our  great  institutions,  but  the  greatest  of  all  is  the  School,"  said  the 
Commissioner,  who  showed  us  a  remarkable  fact,  that  while  Iowa  has^ 
since  1880,  by  the  census,  stood  abreast  of  all  States  in  education,  with  but 
three  per  cent  of  the  people  unable  to  read  and  write,  the  census  of  the 
State  just  taken  reveals  the  remarkable  fact  that  but  one  and  one-fifth  per 
cent  at  this  time  are  illiterate.  This  is  the  best  showing  for  any  State  since 
the  formation  of  the  government,  and  we  are  not  surprised  that  Iowa 
boasts  of  it,  and  that  her  people  are  alive  to  the  importance  of  this  Exposi- 
tion, and  all  movements  having  an  industrial  and  educational  tendency. 
With  these  thoughts  in  mind  of  this  young  North  Central  State,  that  is  an 
empire  in  itself,  inhabited  by  nearly  two  millions  or  people  who  are  rapidly 
converting  every  foot  of  the  soil  into  a  garden  spot,  and  building  up  exten- 
sive manufactories,  which,  as  it  were,  are  workshops  for  the  great  farm,  we 
began  our  review  of  the  Iowa  exhibit. 

THE  MODEL  HOME. 

Proceeding  northward  in  the  main  aisle  that  runs  along  just  in  front  of 
the  gallery,  the  exhibiting  space  proper  of  Iowa,  occupying  18,000  square 
feet,  is  seen  to  the  left,  while  the  2,000  feet  under  the  gallery  is  used  as  Iowa 
headquarters,  and  has  been  made  into  the  model  home. 

This  home  appears  like  a  large  two-story  brick  building.  It  has  a  frontage 
of  fifty  feet  and  a  depth  to  correspond,  reaching  back  to  the  wall  of  the 
great  building,  and  the  stranger  can  hardly  understand  how  such  a  large 
structure  could  be  erected  inside  of  the  great  Government  building.  Upon 
the  large  double  doors  that  open  into  the  vestibule  are  the  words  "  Iowa  " 
and  "  Welcome."  This  novel  brick  house  within  a  house  is  the  Iowa  Home. 
From  the  outset  of  the  exposition  here,  it  has  been  customary  for  each  State 
to  have  a  room  or  rooms,  as  its  headquarters,  in  which  the  Commissioner 
had  his  private  office,  and  visitors  from  the  State  had  a  resting-place  and  a 
rallying  point.  At  the  old  exposition  these  headquarters  were  generally  loca- 
ted under  the  gallery  adjoining  the  State  space,  in  connection  with  the  small 
pavilions,  and  many  of  them  were  yery  elegant.  The  commissioners  this 
year  are  making  the  headquarters  cosy  spots,  but  it  remained  for  Iowa  to 
not  only  surpass  all  other  States  in  this  respect  at  this  exposition,  but  to 
make  her  headquarters  a  veritable  Iowa  Home,  where  not  only  all  of  the 
purposes  for  which  headquarters  in  the  past  were  used  can  be  accomplished 
but  also  where  the  people  of  the  world  can  see  just  what  an  Iowa  Home 


AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

looks  like.  The  brick  front  extending  from  the  top  rail  of  the  gallery  to  the 
floor,  is  a  prominent  feature  all  over  the  building.  Entering  the  double 
doors  through  the  vestibule,  we  could  easily  imagine  ourselves  in  Iowa. 

A  LARGE  HALL 

Confronts  us,  with  elegantly  papered  walls  and  ceilings,  the  counterpiece  of 
the  latter  showing  the  monogram  •*  Iowa."  To  the  right  a  handsome  stair- 
way of  native  woods  apparently  ascends  to  the  second  floor,  and  gives  a 
home  like  appearance  to  the  place  at  once.  A  hat  and  cane  rack  and  other 
furniture  are  before  us,  and  on  an  easel  in  the  corner  is  a  life-size  portrait  of 
Gov.  Buren  B.  Sherman,  of  Iowa,  who  is  officially  the  head  of  the  Iowa 
Home.  Near  by  another  portrait  of  Senator  Larrabee,  the  Governor-elect, 
who  will  soon  preside  over  the  Iowa  Home.  Looking  down  from  a  con- 
spicuous place  is  the  celebrated  oil  painting  of  the  old  war  Governor,  Hon. 
Samuel  J.  Kirkwood,  than  whom  no  man  is  dearer  in  all  the  Iowa  homes. 
This  hall  is  eighteen  by  twenty  feet,  and  from  it  open  off  three  large  folding 
doors  into  other  parts  of  the  house.  The  rooms  are  respectively  parlor, 
reception  room,  bed-room,  art  gallery,  dining  room  and  kitchen.  First 
entering 

THE  LIBRARY, 

which ,  like  in  all  Iowa  homes,  is  the  most  cosy  spot  of  the  house,  we  find 
a  room  thirty-two  by  twenty  feet,  splendidly  lighted,  with  a  hard  coal  base- 
burner  adding  cheerfulness  to  the  scene  and  even  comfort  during  these 
chilly  days.  The  ceiling  is  the  pride  of  the  artist,  Mr.  Gorman,  of  whom 
we  shall  speak  more  in  detail,  and  is  made  of  the  finest  paper  to  be  obtained 
in  the  State  of  Iowa,  and  in  its  center  pieces  and  borders  demonstrate  addi- 
tional Hawkeye  ideas.  The  walls  are  hung  with  pictures  of  the  prominent 
and  beautiful  members  of  Iowa's  homes,  and  a  more  charming  collection  of 
men  and  women  noted  in  the  public  affairs  and  literature  could  not  be  made; 
while  the  beauty  of  the  ladies  even  rivals  that  of  our  own  Southern  belles . 
Of  these  pictures  we  noted  those  of  the  General  Assembly,  State  officers, 
congressmen,  judges,  and  men  and  women  engaged  in  all  pursuits. 

Enough  room  is  taken  from  the  great  array  of  pictures  and  many  beauti- 
ful oil  paintings  to  provide  a  library,  which  is  built  into  the  wall,  and  con- 
tains the  works  of  Iowa's  authors.  The  desk  of  the  Commissioner  is  in  this 
room,  and  here  also  is  his  work-shop;  while  there  are  also  tables  and  desks 
for  the  Iowa  families  to  write  their  letters,  and  comfortable  lounging-places 
for  them  if  they  wish  to  read  from  the  library,  or  peruse  the  Iowa  papers, 
regularly  tiled.  On  either  side  of  this  library  are  large  rooms,  entered  also 
by  folding  doors.  But,  returning  to  the  hall,  we  will  enter 

THE  PARLOR, 

and  see  here  a  room,  sixteen  by  twenty  feet,  looking  out  upon  the  beautiful 
imitation  of  the  falls  of  the  Iowa  river,  and  furnished  with  elegant  furni- 
ture, with  choice  paintings  on  the  wall,  and  otherwise  decorated  and 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


135 


arranged  as  a  parlor  should  be;  a  photograph  album  and  sterio  views  are  not 
even  missing  from  the  center  table.  There  is  a  quiet  charm  about  this  par- 
lor that  leads  one  to  linger  long.  But  we  step  next  into 

THE  RECEPTION  ROOM, 

which,  like  the  parlor,  is  beautifully  decorated  with  fine  paper  and  pictures, 
and  where  a  grand  piano  and  other  furniture  proper  to  such  a  room  are  to 
be  seen.  On  the  walls  are  displayed  a  wonderful  collection  of  woman's 
work,  exhibited  by  Miss  Ora  E.  Miller,  of  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  who  has  in- 
troduced a  new  style  of  handiwork,  known  as  arrasene  painting,  and  whose 
magnificent  lambrequins  richly  adorn  the  windows  of  the  entire  house,  and 
the  large  folding  doors  that  are  so  conspicuous  between  the  rooms. 
The  next  room  we  examine  is 

THE  BED  CHAMBER. 

furnished  with  furniture  made  in  Iowa  by  the  Tama  City  Furniture  Com- 
pany, and  of  Iowa  woods.  This  room  is  also  handsomely  papered,  and 
seems  to  be  entirely  ready  for  occupancy,  if  such  pleasure  were  allowed. 
Across  the  library  from  this  room  is 

THE  DINING  ROOM, 

so  completely  arranged  as  to  make  it  seem  that  the  only  thing  lacking  to 
make  it  a  perfect  dining-room  are  guests  at  table  and  food  on  the  hand- 
somely arranged  dishes.  A  communicating  room  bears  all  the  indications  of 

A  KITCHEN 

but,  like  all  well-regulated  Iowa  homes,  visitors  are  not  expected  to  enter 
here. 

Throughout  the  entire  house  there  are  flowers  and  pictures,  while  even 
a  canary  bird  sings  its  song  as  it  surveys  the  pretty  scene.  The  floors  of  all 
the  rooms  are  painted  to  represent  tiling,  and  the  handsome  rugs  in  the  cen- 
ter present  a  very  attractive  appearance. 

At  no  Exposition  heretofore  has  the  prominent  feature  of  a  State  like  its 
homes  ever  before  been  presented,  and  Iowa  has  attracted  great  attention 
by  this  very  beautiful  and  suggestive  part  of  its  exhibit. 


THE  MODEL  FARM. 

Leaving  the  beautiful  home,  a  complete  description  of  which  would  fill 
columns,  we  step  out  into  the  wide  aisle  that  separates  the  house  from  the 
other  part  of  the  exhibit.  The  first  prominent  feature  we  see  is  a  model 
farm.  Arranged  on  pyramids,  racks,  tables,  in  glass  tubes  and  jars  and  in 
many  other  novel  and  attractive  ways  are  the  production  of  the  Iowa  farms. 
Glancing  over  the  farm  we  see  a  perfect  representation  of  the  immediate 
landscape  of  a  farm,  while  the  eye  is  carried  for  hundreds  of  miles  out  over 
the  fields  and  prairies  of  the  State ;  a  space  on  the  floor  forty  by  sixty  feet 


136  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

is  covered  with  blue  grass  sod  and  black  soil,  all  of  which  were  brought  from 
Iowa.  Looking  out  over  this  natural  turf  we  see  that  it  has  been  arranged 
so  as  to  represent  a  section  of  land  in  Iowa.  We  are  supposed  to  be  stand- 
ing on  a  road  running  along  beside  the  farm,  and  we  see  a  miniature  farm 
house,  a  front  yard,  barn  and  outbuildings,  and  back  of  these  fields  of  grass 
and  grain,  subdivided  by  miniature  fences  and  filled  with  models  of  the 
machinery  and  implements  made  in  Iowa  and  used  on  the  farm.  Surround- 
ing three  sides  of  this  green  plot  and  small  fields  is  a  continuous  oil  paint- 
ing four  feet  high,  that  blends  so  perfectly  with  the  little  farm  that  the 
grass,  grain  and  trees  upon  the  canvass  seem  to  be  but  a  continuation  of  the 
actual  grass  and  soil.  The  painting  is  intended  in  connection  with  the  plot 
on  the  floor  to  show  not  only  a  close  view  of  a  particular  farm,  but  to  give 

A  PANORAMIC  VIEW 

of  the  whole  State.  To  our  right  the  painting  begins  with  a  glimpse  of  the 
Mississippi  river  at  Keokuk,  and,  then  continuing  northward,  carries  the 
eye  over  timber  and  prairies,  farms  and  factories,  to  the  northwestern  corner 
of  the  State.  Thence  westward  is  shown  a  splendid  view  of  the  great 
prairies  of  northern  Iowa,  ending  with  Spirit  Lake,  in  the  northwestern 
corner  of  the  State;  the  magnificent  Hotel  Orleans,  that  is  becoming  a  favor- 
ite summer  resort  for  Southern  people,  stands  out  prominently  on  the  edge 
of  this  beautiful  lake.  The  eye  then  follows  the  painting  down  the  western 
slope  of  the  State  until  the  Missouri  river  is  seen  winding  out  at  the  south- 
western corner.  Stretching  across  the  front  of  the  view,  along  what  might 
be  called  the  southern  boundary  of  the  State,  and  connecting  the  open  ends 
of  the  panorama,  and  at  the  same  time  furnishing  a  very  natural  fence  for 
the  front  yard  of  the  farm,  is  a  very  tastefully  made  iron  fence,  manufac- 
tured expressly  for  this  purpose  by  the  Trenk  Iron  Works  at  Dubuque, 
whose  fine  exhibit  on  the  Iowa  space  at  the  old  exposition  will  be  remem- 
bered. The  painting  thus  surrounding  the  farm  is  150  feet  in  length  and 
contains  600  square  feet  of  canvass,  and  is  the  work  of  Mr.  J.  A.  Gorman, 
of  whom  we  have  already  spoken,  and  who  has  carried  out  Mr.  Fairall's 
ideas  very  faithfully.  This  painting  and  his  artistic  work  place  him  among 
the  best  workmen  of  his  kind  in  the  country.  Running  through  the  pano- 
ramic view  are  to  be  seen  railways,  coal  mines,  harvest  scenes,  cities,  towns 
and  factories,  live  stock,  churches  and  schools  and  many  other  features  that 
enliven  this  progressive  State . 

THE  MINIATURE  BUILDINGS 

are  worthy  of  special  attention.  The  house  is  a  perfect  representation  of 
an  Iowa  farm  home,  and  together  with  the  miniature  big  red  barn,  is  built 
on  an  exact  scale,  by  Mr.  L.  E.  Lyon,  of  Iowa  City,  an  architect  and 
designer  of  national  reputation  in  his  line. 

THE  MODEL  RAILWAY  STATION, 

built  at  Cedar  Rapids  under  the  supervision  of  Master  Mechanic  Bushnell, 
of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  is  a  splendid  repre- 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  137 

sentation  of  the  stations  of  this  road.  The  station  house,  platform,  water 
tank,  tracks,  switches,  telegraph  poles,  pump  ing-house  are  all  shown,  and 
are  all  hand  work.  There  has  never  been  a  finer  representation,  or  perhaps 
a  similar  one  of  the  kind  at  any  exposition. 

Leaving  the  point  from  which  we  have  been  observing  the  farm,  we  walk 
around  to  see  the  back  of  the  panoramic  painting  and  find  it  formed  into  a 
series  of  shelves  that  are  laden  with  the  samples  of  the 

THE  VEGETABLE  DISPLAY 

may  safely  be  said  to  be  not  only  the  largest  ever  shown  at  any  Exposition 
from  any  one  State,  but  in  point  of  variety  it  is  also  very  conspicuous.  On 
a  rack  thirty  feet  long  and  fifteen  feet  high,  with  beautifully  decorated 
shelves  ranged  on  each  side  and  with  mammoth  squashes  decorating  the  top 
are  all  of  the  potato,  squash,  pumpkin,  beet,  and  other  vegetable  families. 
These  vegetables  are  from  the  great  seed  farm  of  Mr  George  Watson,  of 
Van  Meter,  Iowa,  who  made  the  largest  contribution  of  any  man  in  Iowa 
to  the  Exposition.  Another  rack  of  the  same  size  is  devoted  to  the 

VARIETIES  OF  IOWA  CORN, 

in  ear  and  shelled.  The  ear  corn  is  gracefully  suspended,  and  festoons  of 
bright  colored  cloth  add  to  its  attractiveness.  Mr.  Watson  also  contributed 
the  bulk  of  this  corn,  and  between  the  two  racks  is  a  beautiful  pyramid 
covered  with  glass  bottles  and  jars  of  all  patterns  and  containing  grains  ex- 
clusively from  Mr.  Watson's  farm.  This  collection  embraces  some  eight 
hundred  varieties  of  grains  and  garden  seeds,  the  largest  ever  gathered  by 
one  man  in  any  State.  Near  the  home  is  the 

BEAUTIFUL  GLASS  PYRAMID 

so  filled  with  the  different  kinds  of  grains  as  to  represent  behind  the  glass 
sides  almost  a  solid  mass  of  corn,  oats,  barley,  wheat,  rye,  etc.  On  the 
base  of  the  pyramid,  are  great 

BLOCKS  OF  IOWA  COAL, 

from  the  mines  in  Dallas  county,  of  which  Mr.  Johnson  is  the  superintend- 
ent. Samples  of  all. 

THE  BUILDING  STONE 

in  the  State  in  very  tasty  blocks,  are  also  here  displayed  on  other  racks,  and 
pyramids  are  shown  of  a  very  fine  collection  of  grains,  vegetables  and  feeds, 
from  the  farm  of 

MR.  JOHN  CRAWFORD, 

of  Newton,  Jasper  county,  Iowa.  An  oblong  pyramid  is  covered  with  a 
large  collection  of  grains  in  bottles,  that  were  left  over  from  last  year's  ex- 
hibit, and  are  especially  noticeable  from  the  fact  that  they  were  collected 
from  all  parts  of  the  State. 

18 


]38  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

PRODUCTS  OF  THE  IOWA  FARMS. 

Here  is  a  fine  display  of  woolen  goods  and  cloths,  the  largest  from  the 
Amana  Society,  while  other  Iowa  mills  contribute.  Then  we  see  fine  dis- 
plays of  all  the  grain,  fruit  and  vegetables  of  the  State.  Great  slabs  of 
marble  from  the  quarries  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Trigg,  of  Charles  City,  Iowa,  make  a 
beautiful  showing.  The  native  woods,  polished  and  plain  and  labelled,  are 
very  well  presented. 

BUTTER  EXHIBIT. 

The  exhibit  is  made  very  prominent  by  the  butter  display  which  is  large 
and  novel.  Arranged  on  the  ledge  that  runs  around  the  model  farm  also  ap- 
pear the  diplomas  Iowa  has  taken  at  World's  fairs  continuously  since  1876  at 
Philadelphia.  No  State  can  show  such  an  array  of  medals  and  premiums. 
With  these  diplomas  are  a  number  of  large  glass  jars  sealed  air  tight, 
containing  golden  butter  made  in  Iowa,  the  products  of  each  variety  of 
cattle,  such  as  Short-horn,  Ayrshire,  Holstein,  Jersey,  Devon,  Poll  Angus 
and  lied  Poll.  A  large  jar  of  butter  from  Red  Poll  cattle,  contributed  by 
Gen.  L.  F.  Ross,  of  Iowa  City,  attracts  universal  attention.  This  exhibit 
is  also  made  more  attractive  by  butter  from  the  Diamond  Creameries, 
Monticello,  Iowa. 

Running  around,  and  backing  up  the  Model  Farm,  are  many  other 
articles,  such  as  paper,  jars  of  sugar  and  syrup,  and  almost  every  article 
that  is  produced  in  Iowa.  With  much  taste  Mr.  Fairall  has  taken  up  the 
leading  products  of  the  State,  and  shown  them  most  beautifully  in  the 
pyramids  and  racks,  and  in  many  other  ways,  so  that  while  the  Model  Farm 
occupies  2,000  square  feet,  the  remaining  16,000  feet  are  covered  by 

SPECIAL    DISPLAYS 

of  Iowa  products  in  pyramids  twenty  feet  square  at  the  base,  and  reaching 
to  the  height  of  eighteen  to  twenty  feet,  among  which  the  exhibit  of  bricks 
and  tiling,  manufactured  by  Nicholas  Oakes,  of  Iowa  City,  is  a  prominent 
feature. 

THE  DISPLAY  OF  APPLES, 

while  not  so  extensive  as  last  year,  when,  it  will  be  remembered,  the  State 
was  given  the  first  premium  and  gold  medal  on  apples,  yet  it  is  especially 
noticeable  from  the  fact  that  in  the  long  show  cases  are  nearly  one  hundred 
varieties  of  the  best  known  apples.  The  collection  was  made  by  Mr.  E.  M. 
Guffin,  of  Iowa  City,  and  when  it  is  unfit  for  exhibition,  Mr.  Fairall  will  re- 
place it  from  a  large  collection  of  fine  apples  that  he  has  in  reserve  in  Iowa. 

THE  FLOUR  DISPLAY 

is  handsome  on  a  rack  made  for  the  express  purpose.    Of  the  many 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

DECORATIONS  OF  GRAINS, 

loose,  in  ear,  cob  and  stalk,  we  have  not  space  to  speak.  A  beautiful  panel, 
seven  by  ten  feet,  setting  forth  awards  won  by  Iowa  at  the  old  Exposition, 
and  greatly  admired  by  Iowa  at  her  recent  State  Fair,  is  a  very  attractive 
exhibit  in  itself. 

BEAUTIFUL  SIGNS  ARE  SUSPENDED 

over  the  farm  and  its  products,  the  center  sign,  which  was  here  last  year, 
still  holding  the  palm  as  being  the  most  beautiful  State  sign  ever  shown  at 
an  Exposition.  The  pagoda  known  as  a  u  Corn  House  "  last  year,  is  still 
in  place,  and  made  more  beautiful  by  a  coat  of  green  and  with  decorations 
of  grains.  Two  towers  of  Iowa  cornstalks  look  very  much  like  they  were 
spliced,  but  they  are  not.  Among 

OTHER  PRODUCTS 

from  the  Iowa  farm  we  notice  some  fine  glass  made  by  the  Iowa  City  Glass 
Works,  and  contributed  by  Mr.  John  A.  Pickering;  starch  from  Ottumwa; 
oils  from  Close's  Iowa  City  Mills;  grape  syrup  from  Iowa  City  Works;  am- 
ber cane  syrup  from  Mr.  John  T.  Struble  and  others,  of  Johnson  county. 
Paper  from  the 

ROCKFORD  PAPER  MILLS; 

barbed  wire  from  Des  Moines  and  Marshalltown;  tiling,  tubing  and  brick 
from  all  parts  of  the  State,  etc.  Having  thus  reviewed  the  Home  and  the 
Farm,  two  great  features  of  Iowa  and  of  her  exhibit,  we  seek  next 


THE  MODEL  SCHOOL. 

A  complete  outfit  of  school  furniture,  from  the  Davenport  School  Furni- 
ture Company,  very  handsome,  and  of  the  most  convenient  style,  stands 
as  if  ready  for  use  by  pupils,  but  the  model  school-house,  for  which  plans 
have  all  been  drawn,  has  not  been  erected.  This  has  been  occasioned  by  the 
immense  amount  of  work  to  be  done  on  the  other  features  and  the  Commis- 
sioner's sickness.  But  the  design  shows  that  the  building  will  be  a  perfect 
representation  of  an  Iowa  common  school-house,  and  it  will  be  so  arranged 
that  the  work  of  Iowa  schools  can  be  examined  by  visitors  as  they  pass 
through  the  house.  The  Model  Iowa  School-House  will  give  a  fair  idea  of 
the  14,000  similar  structures  dotting  the  prairies  of  Iowa,  and  doing  so  much 
to  make  her  people  intelligent  and  happy.  Mr.  Fairall  has  a  fine  lot  of 
school  work  from  various  counties,  and  when  the  school-  house  is  built  he 
will  be  supplied  with  more.  Meanwhile  the  school  exhibit  is  temporarily 
placed  in  a  handsome  pagoda. 


140  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

IOWA  STATISTICS. 

We  must  speak  of  the  remarkable  presentation  of  statistics  made  for 
Iowa  on  an  immense  wall  40x20  feet.  Here  are  pictured  in  large  letters  and 
figures  the  statistics  of  the  resources  and  products  of  the  State,  showing 
how  Iowa  leads  in  education,  dairy,  etc.  This  table  speaks  volumes  for  a 
State  so  young. 

Having  thus  spoken  of  the  home,  the  farm,  and  the  school,  we  have  one 
other  department  of  the  exhibit  to  allude  to,  and  that  is  the  display  of 

WOMAN'S  WORK. 

The  position  of  Lady  Commissioner  was  intrusted  to  Mrs.  P.  C.  Carpen- 
ter, a  lady  who  has  had  valuable  experience  in  such  work  at  the  Iowa  State 
Fair.  Her  exhibit  is  contained  principally  in  seven  large  glass  cases,  located 
just  across  the  aisle  from  the  Iowa  Home,  and  extending  down  through  the 
main  exhibit.  These  cases  are  rilled  with  all  kinds  of  work,  such  as  brie  a 
brae,  cotton  and  silk  embroidery,  hand-painting,  patchwork,  crochet  work, 
knitting,  tatting  and  sculpture.  Mrs.  Carpenter  was  aided  by  many  aides, 
to  whom  she  desires  to  render  her  thanks.  In  addition  to  the  regular  ex- 
hibit prepared  by  Mrs.  Carpenter,  is  a  special  exhibit  prepared  by  Miss  Ora 
E.  Miller,  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  known  as  arrasene  painting  on  cloth.  Cer- 
tainly this  exhibit  is  the  finest  in  the  way  of  woman's  work  ever  shown,  and 
something  entirely  different  from  anything  presented  heretofore  in  this 
city  and  everywhere,  we  are  informed.  Miss  Miller's  exhibit  is  shown  in 
two  of  the  most  beautiful  rooms  in  the  Iowa  Home.  A  most  attractive 
feature  is  the 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  DISPLAY, 

embracing  a  large  double  screen,  covered  with  the  work  of  the  Elite  Studio, 
of  Iowa  City,  a  fine,  large  collection  of  panel  and  life  size  portraits  of  prom- 
inent lowans,  trom  the  studio  of  Tom  James,  Des  Moines;  and  a  magnifi- 
cent group,  the  pride  of  the  male  lowans,  entitled  "  Our  Girls,"  from  the 
studio  of  Messrs.  Clifford  &  Sons,  Newton.  For  artistic  excellence  and 
beauty  these  pictures  stand  unrivalled. 
At  each  of  the  four  corners  of 

THE  EXHIBITING  SPACE 

that  extends  out  from  the  headquarters,  which  is  under  the  gallery,  is  a  glasa 
tube  eight  feet  high,  filled  with  black  Iowa  soil,  taken  up,  as  it  appears, 
from  four  distinct  portions  of  the  State.  Surmounting  each  of  these  tubes 
is  a  high  sheaf  of  golden  grain,  these  corner  pieces  indicating  the  depth  and 
wealth  of  Iowa  soil,  and  the  gra'n  it  produces.  Running  around  the  ex- 
hibit, extending  between  these  corner  soil  posts,  is  a  beautiful  evergreen 
hedge  of  arbor  vitse,  three  feet  high,  brought  here  from  Iowa,  and  now 
growing  nicely  in  trenches  of  black  soil  prepared  for  them.  This  hedge 
very  appropriately  typifies  the  youth  and  vigor  of  Iowa,  and  was  generously 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

•contributed  to  the  exhibit  in  equal  proportions  by  the  Des'  Moines  Nursery 
Company,  the  Osage  Nursery  of  Mr.  Gardner,  and  the  Shenandoah  Nursery. 
The  first  impression  we  had  was  the  great  difference  between 

THE  EXHIBIT  OF  LAST  YEAR 

and  that  of  this  vear.  The  space  occupied  by  Iowa  is  double  the  old  space. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  at  the  outset  ot  the  old  Exposition  a  railroad 
wreck  destroyed  a  large  part  of  the  exhibit  en  route  to  this  city,  but  the 
many  visitors  at  the  Exposition  last  winter  remember  well  what  a  magnifi- 
cent showing  was  made  by  the  Iowa  Commission,  and  how  the  State,  in  all 
competitive  matters,  swept  the  first  honors  and  premiums  on  education, 
dairy,  grains,  woman's  work,  vegetables,  and  in  many  respects  on  machinery. 
In  the  old  display  there  was  lacking,  however,  much  of  that  excellence  of 
arrangement  and  decorative  finish  that  made  other  States  so  conspicuous. 
Now  we  see  not  only  are  these  beautiful  attractions  presented  in  a  manner 
to  even  excel  anything  shown  here  last  year,  but  also,  as  we  have  said  at  the 
outset,  a  demonstration  of  great  ideas  and  a  most  novel  and  unique  exhibit. 

PREPARING  THE  EXHIBIT. 

Last  year  Mr.  Fairall  was  aided  by  a  large  force  of  assistants,  but,  thanks 
to  the  introductory  work  done  by  the  old  commission,  and  the  material  col- 
lecied  by  it,  Mr.  Fairall  was  enabled  to  make  his  present  handsome  display, 
with  the  aid  of  a  comparatively  small  force.  While  he  has  designed  his  ex- 
hibit, his  principal  assistant  and  faithful  artist  has  been  Mr.  Gorman,  whose 
handiwork  is  everywhere  visible.  The  amount  of  work  done  by  these  two 
gentlemen  is  really  astonishing.  As  Commissioner  Fairall  will  not  be  able 
to  spend  his  entire  time  in  New  Orleans,  the  Governor  has  appointed 
as  an  Assistant  Commissioner  Hon.  F.  N.  Chase,  of  Cedar  Falls,  a  gentle- 
man who  was  one  of  Mr.  Fail-all's  leading  assistants  at  the  old  Exposition, 
and  who  is  well  qualified  to  look  after  the  interests  of  his  State  during  the 
Commissioner's  absence. 


142  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 


THE  IOWA  ARCH. 


The  feelings  of  cordiality  that  the  Expositions  have  awakened  be- 
tween Iowa  and  Louisiana  led  to  the  idea  that  the  part  taken  by  the 
former  State  ir  the  great  fairs  at  New  Orleans  might  be  commemo- 
rated by  the  erection,  on  the  Exposition  grounds,  of  an  arch  of  Iowa 
granite.  Accordingly,  the  finest  specimens  of  rock  were  obtained 
from  the  several  quarries  of  the  State,  and  sent  to  the  Exposition-  for 
this  purpose.  On  December  17th,  1885,  the  foundation  stones  of  the 
proposed  arch  having  been  prepared,  the  ceremonies  of  laying  the- 
corner  stone  were  conducted  in  the  presence  of  a  large  number  of 
Iowa  and  other  people.  The  local  press  gave  the  following  account 
of  the  exercises  : 

THE  EXERCISES. 

Immediately  to  the  left  of  the  Iowa  space,  and  right  across  the  main  aisle 
from  the  Prytania  gate,  accommodations  on  a  perfect  scale  had  been  p re- 
pared  for  the  afternoon's  proceedings.  Abundance  of  seats  were  provided 
for  visitors;  a  platform  was  erected  for  the  speakers  and  the  masonic  digni- 
taries close  to  the  spot  on  which  the  Iowa  arch  will  soon  rise  in  imposing 
grandeur.  On  the  Iowa  side,  Prof.  D'Aquin's  band  ensconced  themselves, 
and  throughout  the  ceremonies  discoursed  at  the  appropriate  moments 
strains  of  music  that  lent  an  additional  charm  to  the  affair. 

At  2:30  P.  M.  precisely  the  band  played  their  overture,  and  a  few  momenta 
later  the  masonic  procession,  which  had  been  formed  inside  the  Iowa  Home, 
marched  out  and  took  the  seats  prepared  for  them,  each  gentleman  wearing 
the  full  insignia  of  his  office. 

On  the  platform  were  President  McConnieo,  Major  E.  A.  Burke,  Commis- 
sioner-General Pitkin,  President  McRae,  of  Arkansas,  Commissioner  Fair- 
all,  Senator  Logan,  of  Iowa,  Prof.  T.  S.  Parvin  and  other  leading  Iowa  Ma- 
sons, Grand  Master  Graham  and  prominent  Louisiana  Masons,  Gen.  F.  M. 
Clarke,  Special  Courier- General  for  the  Northwest,  and  Major  F.  F.  Hilder, 
of  Missouri.  On  the  seats  immediately  around  the  stand  were  Commis- 
lioners  Mead,  of  Vermont,  Turrill,  of  California,  Sloan,  of  New  Mexico, 
Meeker,  of  Washington,  Murphy,  of  Arizona,  Allen,  of  Oregon,  Ham,  of 
Maine,  Gage,  of  New  Hampshire,  Nichols  and  Sargent,  of  Massachusetts, 
Bead  and  Col.  Guild,  of  Montana,  Gen.  Connor,  of  Utah,  Cowies,  of  Alaska, 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


143 


Glenn,  of  Illinois,  Squires,  of  Missouri,  Bates,  of  Rhode  Island,  Ashby,  of 
Kansas,  Metesser,  of  Indiana,  1'endleton,  of  West  Virginia  and  McWhirter, 
of  Tennessee.  Many  of  these  gentlemen  were  accompanied  by  their  wives 
and  other  ladies.  Among  others  present  were  Mrs.  Jennie  Coldwell  Nixon, 
Commissioner  Mrs.  Olive  Wright,  of  Colorado,  Mrs.  J.  Pinckney  Smith, 
Miss  Sallie  Owen,  Mrs.  Nellie  Meade,  Mrs.  Marion  Me  Bride,  Mrs.  Sumpter 
Turner,  Miss  Nettie  Chambers,  Superintendent  Given.  The  Iowa  excursion 
party,  reinforced  by  new  arrivals  from  Iowa,  occupied  seats,  and  the  press 
tables  were  well  filled. 

HON.  F.  N.  CHASE, 

the  Assistant  Commissioner  of  Iowa,  opened  the  proceedings  in  a  brief  and 
felicitous  address,  in  which  he  remarked  that  the  great  object  of  Expositions 
was  to  increase  and  enhance  the  interests  of  commerce,  and  at  the  same  time 
to  increase  and  promote  eternal  good  will  and  friendship  throughout  the 
land.  He  then  called  upon  Commissioner  Fairall,  who,  although  not  yet 
entirely  recovered  from  his  severe  indisposition,  spoke  as  follows: 

COMMISSIONER  FAIRALL. 

FELLOW  IOWANS,  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN:  This  is  the  second  time 
that  the  people  of  Iowa  have  demonstrated  by  public  celebration  their  deep 
interest  in  the  great  commercial  and  social  movements  for  which  these 
grounds  have  been  dedicated.  Our  State  Day  exercises  at  the  old  Exposi- 
tion was  a  happy  greeting  from  Iowa,  the  daughter  State,  to  Louisiana,  the 
mother  territory,  a  much  praised  exhibit  and  interesting  exercises,  bearing 
proof  of  what  our  State  had  accomplished  since  she  became  a  common- 
wealth. To-day  Iowa  is  at  the  new  Exposition  with  a  larger  display  than 
last  year,  with  a  greater  interest  in  the  Exposition  than  ever,  with  stronger 
assurances  that  her  prosperity  is  enhanced  by  participating  here,  and  espec- 
ially with  much  gratification  that  she  has  here  to-day  a  number  of  her  citi- 
zens to  enjoy  these  festivities.  To  these  friends  of  mine  from  Iowa  I 
extend  a  most  hearty  welcome,  a  welcome  that  I  am  proud  to  know  is  deeply 
lodged  in  the  hearts  of  the  people  of  New  Orleans  and  Louisiana. 

Contrary  to  custom  on  these  occasions,  I  shall  not  go  into  an  extended  his- 
tory of  my  State,  nor  describe  her  fields  and  factories,  her  orchards  and  live 
stock,  her  schools  and  churches  and  her  homes.  At  our  State  Day  exercises 
at  the  old  Exposition,  I  referred  to  Iowa  as  a  vast  farm,  and  described  its 
contents  and  products.  Since  that  occasion  there  has  been  another  harvest, 
and  the  great  farm  has  yielded  more  abundantly  than  ever;  her  schools  have 
become  more  numerous,  and  her  homes  more  pleasant.  But  I  will  not  in- 
flict a  single  statistic  upon  you.  1  wish  simply  to  say  that  in  the  Iowa 
exhibit  now  before  you  here,  we  have  presented  the  three  features  of  the 
great  Iowa  farm  I  have  alluded  to.  We  have  a  representation  of  a  model 
Iowa  home,  and  the  door  stands  hospitably  open.  We  present  a  view  of  a 
model  farm  with  its  products  grouped  around  it.  In  a  short  time  the  model 


144  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

Iowa  school-house  will  be  completed,  furnished  with  Iowa  school  furniture, 
and  containing  the  work  of  our  Iowa  schools. 

In  addition  to  the  exhibit  which  will  I  present  for  a  few  months  a  glimpse 
of  the  resources  and  products  of  our  State,  the  people  of  Iowa  have  sent 
here  blocks  from  their  quarries  of  granite,  which  is  to  be  formed  into  an  arch 
and  the  laying  of  the  corner  stone  of  which  is  the  object  of  our  exercises  to- 
day. We  trust  that  this  act  will  still  further  increase  the  good  feeling  exist- 
ing between  Iowa  and  Louisiana. 

In  conclusion,  Mr.  President  of  the  Exposition,!  take  pleasure  in  present- 
ing these  facts  to  you,  and  I  assure  you  that  in  all  the  movements  of  New 
Orleans  and  Louisiana  that  seek  like  this  to  extend  our  commercial  relations 
in  Southern  and  other  countries,  Iowa  stands  ready  to  do  even  more  in  the 
future  than  she  has  done  in  the  past. 


was  then  called  upon.     He  spoke  as  follows: 

MR.  CHAIRMAN,  HONORED  GUESTS  FROM  IOWA,  LADIES  AND  GENTLE- 
MEN—In  providing  the  organization  for  carrying  on  the  work  of  the  Ameri- 
can Exposition,  the  Board  of  Management  undertook  to  make  special 
provision  for^  all  departments.  I  need  scarcely  remind  the  New  Orleans 
people  in  this  audience  that  I  was  not  selected  to  fill  the  post  of  orator.  I 
was  to  be  the  working  man,  or,  at  least,  one  of  them.  But  we  have  with 
us  to-day  a  representative  of  the  higher  department  of  our  organization, 
a  distinguished  orator,  whose  pleasure  it  will  be  to  welcome,  on  the  part  of 
the  Board  of  Management,  and  through  them,  on  behalf  of  the  citizens  of 
New  Orleans,  the  guests  who  are  here  present.  It  only  remains  for  me  to 
say,  as  President  of  the  Exposition,  that 

YOU  ARE  MORE  THAN  WELCOME, 

not  merely  as  fellow  citizens  of  America,  but  as  coming  from  the  State  of 
Iowa.  I  might  almost  say  from  Northern  Louisiana,  as  Iowa  was  once  in 
the  same  commonwealth  and  we  are,  therefore,  united  in  a  closer  tie  than 
as  mere  citizens.  I  am  deeply  glad  of  this  opportunity,  because  Iowa  is 
always  to  the  front  on  such  occasions.  Full  of  resources,  full  of  industry, 
full  of  the  strength  of  a  great  people,  Iowa  is  never  found  wanting.  To- 
day, as  last  year,  Iowa  is  in  the  front  with  a  beautiful  exhibit.  None  in 
this  building  has  attracted  more  attention,  and  I  may  say  that  none  will. 
Iowa  is  still  prepared  to  hold  her  place  against  all.  I  regret  that  you  ladies 
and  gentlemen,  have  not  been  welcomed  by  a  larger  audience,  and  I  do  not 
doubt  that  had  this  ceremony  been  more  generally  known  a  vast  concourse 
of  Louisianians  would  have  been  here  to  do  honor  to  you,  but  as  it  is  you 
are  not  the  less  heartily  and  sincerely  welcome. 

Mr.  McConnico's  address,  delivered  in  his  quiet,  telling  manner, 
was  received  with  many  evidences  of  appreciation;  and  then 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


COMMISSIONER-  GENERAL   PITKIN 

delivered  one  of  his  brightest  speeches,  replete  with  humor  and 
happy  illustrations.  He  quoted  copious  statistics  as  to  the  prosperity 
of  Iowa,  and  intentionally  or  otherwise  made  a  venerable  pun  about 
the  Iowa  agricultural  farm,  which  he  said  was  solid  to  the  grain. 

Mr.  Fairall  then  introduced  Prof.  T.  S.  Parvin,  Past  Grand  Master 
of  the  State  of  Iowa,  as  Grand  Master  of  the  Ceremonies,  and  he  in 
turn  presented 

GRAND    MASTER   BUCK, 

who  said: 

There  has  been  so  much  said  in  the  full  development  of  the  programme 
laid  out  for  the  ceremonies,  that  for  my  part  I  shall  confine  myself  to  the 
strict  performance  of  the  part  assigned  me,  and  nothing  shall  tempt  me  to 
go  beyond  it.  The  occasion  and  the  object  are,  indeed,  grand  and  beautiful 
from  every  point  of  view  which  concerns  the  welfore  and  prosperity  of  our 
people.  But  the  task  to  discourse  on  these  has  been  intrusted  to  other  and 
abler  hands,  and  I  ask  you  to  expect  of  me  nothing  but  what  pertains  to 
the  discharge  of  the  specific  duty  left  me;  however  great,  therefore,  may  be 
the  temptation  to  indulge  in  the  display  of  sentiment  suggested  by  the  work 
in  hand,  my  better  judgment  shall  hold  me  strictly  to  my  tpsk  of  introduc- 
ing straight  from  the  heart,  from  breast  to  breast,  the  "  welcome  "  from  the 
Masons  of  Louisiana  to  the  Masons  of  Iowa.  Free-masonry  is  the  philoso- 
phy of  self-culture  ;  the  order  of  Masons  a  society  of  men  devoted  to  its 
study,  its  development,  its  application  to  the  daily  duties  of  life  for  the 
benefit  of  individual  happiness  and  progressive  welfare  of  the  race. 
Pledged  to  social  order,  to  obedience  to  law  and  constituted  authority,  to 
the  broad  charity  which  means  "  peace  and  good-will  to  all  men,"  Vho 
could  more  appropriately  and  justly  claim  the  honor  of  performing  the  ser- 
vice of  dedication  of  a  work  which  shall  stand  an  eternal  symbol  of  the 
friendship  and  brotherhood  of  the  people  of  two  great  States  than  Free-  ma- 
sons? The  Masonic  principle  is  humanity;  its  aim,  to  make  man's  moral 
being  perfect;  the  corner-stone  of  this  ideal  edifice  the  only  foundation  on 
which  its  superstructure  can  safely  and  finally  rest,  the  universal  brother- 
hood of  mankind.  On  this  level  the  Masons  of  Louisiana  welcome  to-day 
the  Masons  of  Iowa,  and  clasping  hands  under  the  shadow  of  the  Arch 
which  shall  commemorate  the  union  of  two  great  States,  let  us  join  in  one 
common  prayer  that  the  spirit  which  has  brought  forth  the  work  shall  out- 
last the  work  itself;  and  friendship,  unity  and  peace  be  the  triple  bond  on 
which  the  people  of  the  whole  country  shall  rear  the  structure  of  moral  and 
material  greatness.  Once  again.  Masons  of  Iowa,  we  welcome  you  in  our 
midst—  more,  we  rejoice  in  your  coming,  and  hail  the  manifestation  of  ma- 
sonic and  fraternal  principles  which  your  presence  conveys  as  an  honor  to 
ourselves  arid  to  the  craft. 

19 


146  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

PROF.    PARVIN 

next  addressed  the  audience,  as  follows: 

MOST  WORTHY  GRAND  MASTER,  BROTHERS  AND  CITIZENS— The  present 
is  an  occasion  of  no  ordinary  interest  in  the  symbolism  it  is  designed  to 
teach,  not  only  to  those  who  may  witness  the  ceremonies  of  to  day,  but  to 
all  of  their  respective  States.  I  am  indeed  happy  to  respond  to  the  kind 
words  of  introduction  by  my  friend  Fairall,  Iowa's  honored  Commissioner. 
To  the  most  able  and  eloquent  welcome  of  our  brother  Buck,  at  once  Senior 
Grand  Warden  in  this  jurisdiction  and  the  Representative  of  Grand  Lodge  of 
Iowa  near  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Louisana.  His  happily  expressed  thoughts, 
illustrative  of  the  noble  objects  of  the  order  under  whose  auspices  the 
ceremonies  of  the  occasion  will  be  conducted,  preclude  any  necessity  on  my 
part  for  a  further  presentation  of  the  principles  which  underlie  the  great 
social  organization  of  which  so  many  friends  present  form  an  integral  part. 
Commissioner-General  Pitkin,  in  his  magnificent  word- pictures,  has  por- 
trayed Iowa  (my  almost  native  State)  in  colors  so  bright,  throwing  in  here 
and  there  by  way  of  shading  as  a  background  homlier  truths  we  will  not 
deny,  that  I  could  not  if  I  would,  and  would  not  if  I  could,  add  aught  to, 
lest  my  modesty  might  be  questioned.  As  Webster  said  of  Bunker  Hill,  I 
can  only  say  of  Iowa,  there  is  Iowa  and  there  will  she  forever  remain,  the 
great  center  of  this  great  Mississippi  valley,  whose  outlet  is  at  the  wharfs 
of  your  great  city,  opening  into  the  Gulf  and  oceans  of  the  world. 

I  came  from  my  northern  and  snow  covered  home,  all  clad  in  nature's 
garment  of  pure  white,  to  meet  you  and  grasp  your  hands  of  welcome  'mid 
gardens  of  flowers  ever  blooming  and  fragrant  as  the  breezes  of  Ceylon's 
lovely  isle.  I  came  as  the  representative  of  the  Grand  Master  of  Iowa, 
presiding  over  nearly  five  hundred  lodges,  domiciling  twenty-five  thousand 
Masons.  I  am  bearing  in  my  open  palms  words  of  kindl>  greeting  from 
hearts  all  aglow  with  the  spirit  and  mission  which  has  brought  us  together 
to-day.  Coming  from  a  State  whose  people  take  a  most  lively  interest  in 
the  great  Exposition  now  in  progress,  the  outgrowth  of  that  of  the  previous 
year.  I  come  not  as  a  prodigal  returning  from  \vasted  strength  and  lost 
energies,  but  come  laden  with  good  wishes  and  the  ripened  sheaves  of  a 
harvest  home,  where  dwell  the  sons  of  the  people  who  have  made  Iowa  the 
land  of  happy  homes  and  a  prosperous  people  And  I  find  in  our  coming, 
as  I  was  sure  we  would,  a  welcome  to  all  our  party  and  the  fatted  calf  made 
ready  for  our  feast. 

It  was  a  grand  conception  in  the  mind  of  him  who  gave  birth  to  the  Ex- 
position, whereby  the  people  of  North  as  well  as  South  America  should 
come,  bringing  with  them  the  products  of  the  soil  and  the  handwork  of 
genius,  illustrating  the  fertility  of  the  soil  and  the  enterprise  of  the  people 
who  should  be  commercially  one.  This  great  enterprise  will  inaugurate  a 
new  era  in  the  exchange  marts  of  our  country,  and  we  shall  in  the  future 
give  and  take  those  things  all  of  our  people  need,  and  so  the  world  will 
move,  if  not  faster,  more  beneficially  for  all  concerned.  New  outlets  will 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

be  found,  new  interests  created,  and  other  industries  brought  into  activity y 
by  what  is  being  done  here,  in  the  great  area  of  States  and  Nations  coming 
together. 

So,  too,  was  it  a  happy  thought  of  Commissioner  Fairall  to  crown  the  era 
of  harmony  and  good  feeling  with  the  creation,  the  erection  in  your  city  of 
a  permanent  arch  of  stone,  collected  from  the  quarries  of  Iowa,  and  con- 
tributed by  her  citizens,  to  be  placed  here,  near  the  first  entrance  to  these 
grounds,  in  the  future  to  be  used  as  a  great  public  park,  as  a  memorial  of 
the  common  interest  and  good  feeling  prevailing  among  the  people  of  Iowa 
and  Louisiana. 

There  is  something  in  the  union  of  these  names  to  day  that  recalls  the 
union  of  earlier  years,  when  Masonry  had  no  foothold,  and  when  a  foreign 
tongue  was  spoken  and  Louisiana  included  all  cf  the  republic  west  of  the 
Mississippi.  Though  Iowa  has  been,  with  other  States,  carried  out  of  the 
original  purchase  of  the  great  Jefferson,  it  is  stil!  closely  connected  with 
the  parent  State  by  the  great  rivers  whose  waters  daily  flow  past  your  busi- 
ness centers  and  hospitable  homes,  bearing  the  products  of  the  fruitful 
lands,  the  homes  of  industries  of  world-wide  fame,  sent  forth  to  enrich 
other  lands  and'bless  mankind. 

These  remarks,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  others  more  able  and  eloquent  are 
to  follow  and  to  speak  words  both  meet  and  proper  upon  such  occasions, 
have  been  prolonged  too  far  already.  And  we  may  the  better  now  proceed 
with  the  ceremonies  of  laying  the  corner  stone  of  the  arch  to  be  erected 
here  as  a  permanent  memorial,  symbolizing  not  only  the  unity  of  sentiment 
and  good  fellowship  existing  between  the  people  of  the  lespective  States,, 
but  also,  as  we  fondly  trust,  all  the  people  of  our  happy  land. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  professor's  eloquent  address  the  Grand 
Chaplain  was  called  upon,  in  accordance  with  the  Masonic  custom, 
and  the  ceremonies  were  gone  through.  The  three  Wardens  responded 
to  the  questions  put  to  the  n,  and  the  strict  Masonic  rales  as  to  the 
laying  of  foundations  were  fully  carried  out  amid  a  silence  on  the 
part  of  spectators  that  was  only  broken  by  short  bursts  of  music  from 
the  band  when  the  signals  were  givt  n  by  the  Grand  Master  by  a  wave 
of  his  hand. 

FOR   FUTURE    AGES. 

In  the  top  of  the  right  hand  rock  was  then  deposited  a  tin  box 
twelve  inches  square,  and  containing  the  following  articles  :  Pro- 
ceedings of  Grand  Lodges  of  Iowa  and  Louisiana  of  1885;  History 
of  the  World's  Exposition,  by  Commissioner  Fairall;  the  New  Or 
leans  papers  ;  the  Keokuk  Gate  City,  Dubuque  Herald,  Ottumwa 
Democrat  and  Des  Moines  Cupital,  of  Iowa;  silver  dollar  of  1885  and 
half  dollar  of  1812;  autograph  of  officers  and  commissioners  of  the 


148  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

Exposition;  views  of  the  Iowa  exhibit;  Iowa  documents  of  State  and 
documents  of  other  States. 

After  the  regular  Masonic  exercises,  Prof.  Parvin,  in  the  following 
words,  presented  to  Grand  Master  Graham,  for  the  Louisiana  Grand 
Lodge,  a  gavel,  the  head  made  of  Iowa  marble  and  the  handle  of 
Louisiana  magnolia  wood: 

CONCLUDING   REMARKS    OF   P.    G.    M.    PARVIN. 

And  now,  my  brothers  and  friends,  the  ceremonies  for  which  we  have 
come  together  from  the  North  and  the  South,  witnessed  by  others  from  the 
East  and  the  West,  are  concluded.  Like  all  the  ceremonies  of  the  Masons, 
whether  in  their  homes,  or  in  public  as  these  have  been— these  of  to-day- 
simple  and  significant  as  they  are,  have  a  meaning,  and  are  designed  to  con- 
vey  lessons  of  instructions  to  our  minds  and  impress  living  truths  upon  our 
hearts.  Well,  too,  have  they  chimed  in  with  the  purpose  and  occasion  of 
our  coming,  and  with  the  motives  and  with  the  work  of  those  who  have  in- 
augurated and  consummated  the  enterprise  which  is  to  result  in  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Arch,  whose  chief  corner  s'one  we  have  just  laid — laid  firmly 
upon;. the  soil  of  Louisiana,  and  in  front  of  the  Iowa  department  in  the 
great  Exposition  the  citizens  of  this  enterprising  cicy  of  Xew  Orleans  have, 
with  wide-reaching  results  into  the  future,  so  happily  consummated.  The 
columns  to  be  erected  upon  these  foundation  stones  will  ere  long  be  spanned 
by  an  arch  and  bound  together  by  the  keystone,  symbolizing  the  good  feeling 
and  the  fraternal  relations  now  so  happily  restored  between  all  the  peoples 
of  our  common  country;  and  as  external  pressure  upon  that  stone  will  but 
serve  to  strengthen  the  arch  upon  its  foundations,  so  does  the  lov:ng  pres- 
sure upon  the  heart,  the  keystone  of  the  human  arch,  send  the  life's  warm 
blood  through  every  artery  to  the  remotest  parts  of  our  system,  and  prepare 
the  body  for  active  effort  in  every  good  work.  So  may  the  lessons  of  to-day 
warm  the  affections  of  our  hearts,  strengthen  the  better  impulses  of  our 
minds,  and  lead  one  and  all  who  have  witnessed  them,  or  that  may  come  un- 
der their  influence,  as  they  go  hence  to  go  resolved  to  dare  to  do  what  is 
becoming  in  man  to  do,  to  strengthen  and  perpetuate  the  feelings  of  com- 
mon brotherhood  of  men  enjoying  the  lasting  benefits  and  goodness  result- 
ing from  their  rich  inheritance  in  the  fatherhood  of  that  God  who  smiles 
upon  us  to-day,  as  he  has  ever  smiled  when  we  did  well,  and  sought  to  en- 
large the  area  of  our  knowledge  and  freedom  in  well-doing.  In  the  coming 
days  and  years,  as  men  shall  look  upon  that  arch  and  recall  the  story  of  to- 
day, may  they  be  impressed  with  the  sublime  thought,  which  the  State  from 
which  I  came  has  engraved  upon  the  national  monument,  erected  to  the 
memory  of  the  Father  of  his  country—"  Iowa,  the  affections  of  her  people, 
like  the  waters  of  her  rivers,  flow  to  a  perpetual  union."  Then  shall  our 
words  and  deeds  result  in  the  greatest  good  to  the  greatest  number  of  our 
people  all  over  the  land  so  blessed  of  heaven;  and  we  shall  ever  feel  that  it 
is  indeed  good  to  have  been  here,  and  to  have  labored  to  this  end. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

Most  Worthy  Grand  Master  Graham,  having  now,  as  the  Grand  Lodge  and 
the  Masons  of  Iowa,  with  your  valued  aid,  assisted  by  your  associate  officers 
and  brethren  of  Louisiana,  laid  with  appropriate  masonic  ceremonies  the 
foundation  stone  of  this  arch  of  Iowa  stone,  contributed  by  her  citizens  to 
be  erected  upon  the  soil  of  Louisiana,  I  beg,  in  conclusion,  to  present  you 
with  this  gavel.  This  implement,  like  the  ceremonies  in  which  we  have  used 
it,  has  a  significance,  and  is  symbolical,  as  you  will  see  from  the  materials 
from  which  it  is  made.  The  gavel  itself  is  wrought  from  the  coraline  lime- 
stone, called  at  home '*  Iowa  bird's-eye  marble,"  and  underlies  the  former 
capital  of  our  State,  Iowa  City — long  the  home  of  Iowa  Masons,  and  the 
seat  of  their  great  library.  Its  original  builders,  the  little  animals  of  an- 
cient seas,  "builded  wiser  than  they  knew,"  for  their  works  live  after 
them,  the  admiration  of  generations  then  uncreated.  It  is  of  Iowa  material, 
and  solid  of  structure  as  well  as  beautiful  to  the  eye  to  look  upon,  and  was 
brought  from  my  home  for  special  use  upon  this  occasion.  The  handle  is  of 
your  own  native  wood,  the  rich  and  fragrant  magnolia,  whose  flowers  are  as 
beautiful  to  the  eye  as  the  wood  is  durable  in  use,  thus  blending  into  one  the 
ornamental  and  the  useful  of  your  native  forest  growth.  Thus  we  have  the 
three  kingdoms  of  the  physical  world  combined—botanical,  animal  and  min- 
eral; modern  and  ancient  life  upon  our  globe,  recent  and  fossil,  past  and 
present;  from  your  own  sunny  fields  of  living  verdure,  and  our  rock-bound 
hills  all  covered  with  snow  when  I  left  the  North,  to  meet  you  in  your 
Southern  homes  of  social,  fraternal  and  commercial  life,  where  everywhere 
blooming  flowers  greet  the  eye.  As  the  two  parts  of  this  gavel,  in  whose 
use  you  and  1  have  been  trained  to  know  that  as  by  it  the  operative  Mason 
hews  off  the  corners  of  rough  stones,  so  should  we  and  all  people  seek  to 
divest  their  hearts  and  consciences  of  everything  that  might  disturb  the 
friendly  relations  now  existing  between  the  citizens  of  our  respective  juris- 
dictions, and  so  cement  the  bond  of  brotherhood  that  goes  far  to  make  us 
one  in  all  the  elements  of  a  noble  manhood.  Take  it,  Most  Worthy  Sir,  and 
in  due  time  pass  it  down  the  lines  to  those  who  shall  succeed  you,  that  it 
may  not  only  be  wielded  in  the  mission  of  peace,  but  serve  to  recall  this 
happy  hour,  this  auspicious  occasion,  and  possibly  those  who  as  actors  upon 
this  living  scene  have  striven  together  in  the  discharge  of  duty,  with  an  eye 
single  to  shed  light  and  joy  upon  all  around.  Citizens,  friends  and  brothers, 
preserve  it  as  a  symbol  of  the  fraternal  union  and  unbroken  friendship 
which  has  ever  existed  between  the  old  and  new  Grand  Lodges,  whose  rep- 
resentatives it  is  our  happy  lot  to-day  to  be.  And  as  we  join  hands  in  its 
presentation  and  reception,  so  may  our  hearts  and  the  hearts  of  our  constit- 
uents ever  be  united  as  those  striving  in  that  noble  emulation  of  who  caa 
best  work  and  best  agree  in  all  that  is  great  and  good  for  our  fellow-man. 


150  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

GRAND    MASTER    GRAHAM 

then  responded  as  follows: 

MOST  WORTHY  BROTHER:  The  sentiments  which  you  have  just  ex- 
pressed and  the  motives  by  which  you  are  actuated  in  the  performance  of 
this  voluntary  duty  are  replete  with  fraternal  consideration,  and  render  an 
appropriate  response  at  my  hand  as  a  matter  of  no  insignificant  effort,  espec- 
ially as  the  role  I  am  about  to  assume  is  one  foreign  to  my  vocation.  But 
who,  under  the  sun  could  resist  the  inspiration  of  an  active  soul  breathed 
into  him  as  if  by  supernatural  influence.  Why,  sir,  the  stolid  disciple  of  the 
Philosopher,  Zeno,  who  was  trained  to  be  unmoved  by  either  joy  or  grief, 
under  similar  circumstances,  would  feel  constrained  to  burst  the  barriers 
that  had  hitherto  fixed  him  as  a  stoic,  and  with  emotions  he  could  not  con- 
trol, exclaim  with  vehemence, tk  O  for  a  thousand  tongues,"  and  correspond- 
ing sympathy  with  which  to  express  delight  and  gratification  for  this  auspi- 
cious privilege.  Having  the  honor  of  being  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Order 
of  Freemasonry  of  Louisiana,  it  has  fallen  to  my  lot  to  take  an  active  part 
in  the  proceedings  of  to-day,  and  to  assist  in  the  ceremony  of  laying  this 
foundation  stone.  Other,  shall  I  say  monuments,  transmit  to  posterity 
the  fame  and  reputations  of  honored  heroes  and  philanthropists,  this  struc- 
ture, however,  conceived  in  kindness,  and  now  fairly  in  course  of  construc- 
tion, will  record  a  sister  State's  admiration  for  her  territorial  ancestor,  and 
that  ancestor's  gratitude  and  reciprocal  good  will. 

The  event  of  this  day,  then,  is  forsooth,  a  subject  for  mutual  congratu- 
lation. 

To  the  patriot  of  whose  genius  the  proposed  memorial  arch  is  the  fruit, 
we  can  offer  nothing  but  commendation,  for  by  his  labor  and  deliberation 
he  has  exercised  an  originality  and  devised  a  plan  at  once  noble,  appropriate 
and  worthy  himself  and  the  occasion.  The  site  selected  for  this  erection 
appears  most  suitable  to  being  situated  in  the  midst  of  the  production 
and  handy  workmanship  of  our  fellow-countryman,  which  should  be  the 
daily  resort  of  the  population,  surrounded  by  representatives  of  romantic 
home  scenes  of  sister  States,  it  seems  to  augur  that  the  longitudinal  and 
transverse  line  which  defines  the  limits  of  jurisdictions  are  for  the  time 
being  eliminated,  and  the  respective  soils  of  Iowa  and  Louisiana  so  per- 
fectly intermixed  as  to  promise  the  fruits  of  indissoluble  ties  of  amity  and 
fraternity,  a  consummation  now  beyond  peradventure.  ' 

But  most  worshipful,  1  have  digressed  from  the  duty  that  has  been  speci- 
ally imposed  upon  me,  that  of  receiving  this  significant  Masonic  implement 
which  is  curious  and  unique,  being  composed  of  a  geological  and  a  botanical 
production,  the  production  of  Iowa  and  of  Louisiana,  symbolizing  that  we 
should  not  only  divest  our  minds  and  consciences  of  the  vices  and  superflu- 
ities of  life,  but  by  the  quiet  deportment  in  the  school  of  discipline  may 
learn  to  be  content,  curbing  ambition,  depressing  energy,  moderating  anger 
and  encouraging  good  dispositions,  whence  arises  that  comely  order  which 
nothing  earthly  gives  or  can  destroy.  The  soul's  calm  sunshine  and  the 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 

heartfelt  joy.  Therefore  most  worshipful  brothers  here  permit  me  to  con- 
strue the  motives  that  prompted  this  fraternal  consideration,  to  unbounded 
felicity  and  harmony,  and  while  accepting  it,  in  its  dual  relations  to  symbol- 
ism and  usefulness,  we  do  not  overlook  the  sincerity  which  forms  part  of  the 
presentation,  promising  to  cherish  it  as  a  memento  of  spontaneous  and  mu- 
tual regard.  We  can  confidentially  hope  that  the  fraternal  relations  now 
existing  between  the  respective  Grand  Lodges  of  Iowa  and  Louisiana  must 
remain  undisputed,  and  this  evidence  of  the  reciprocal  intercourse  of  kind 
and  friendly  acts,  will  not  only  promote  the  happiness  of  each  other,  but 
must  redound  to  the  mutual  benefit  of  the  people  of  our  respective  States. 
So  mote  it  be. 

The  band  having  played  a  lively  air, 

GEN.  F.  M.  CLARKE 

was  called  upon. 

The  following  is  a  portion  of  his  able  address: 

Iowa  has  planted  upon  the  fertile  soil  of  Louisiana  the  corner  stone  of  her 
love.  She  has  sown  the  corn  of  prosperity  and  plenty;  she  has  brought  the 
wine  of  gladness  and  joy,  and  anointed  all  with  the  oil  of  peace.  Upon  the 
bosom  of  the  mother  territory  the  keen  eyed  daughter  has  placed  the  jewel 
of  her  affections,  and  it  is  well.  For  while  to  us  of  to-day  these  impressive 
ceremonies  may  fill  our  hearts  with  the  surging  floods  of  friendship's  emo- 
tions, the  object  of  this  gathering— the  beautiful  arch  that  is  to  arise  on  this 
consecrated  ground— shall,  during  long  years  after  we  have  passed  away, 
tell  to  our  children  and  the  hosts  that  shall  follow  them,  that  from  the  broad 
prairies  of  the  far  distant  North,  and  from  the  smiling  Savannahs  of  the 
South,  came  the  representatives  of  two  great  States  to  where  the  balmy 
breezes  of  the  Southern  gulf  kiss  the  nodding  palm  leaves,  and  there  erected 
in  enduring  granite  a  symbol  of  their  mutual  love.  These  silent  stones  shall 
find  their  tongues  growing  more  eloquent  as  the  ages  roll  along,  and  the 
burden  of  their  pean  shall  be,  "  Good  will  to  all  men." 
************ 

There  are  some  subtle  influences  at  work  here,  Mr.  Chairman.  Something 
evidently  in  the  atmosphere  that  adds  to  the  luxuriance  of  the  growth  of! 
kindly  sentiment  and  feeling.  I  know  something  about  this,  and  when  a 
few  weeks  ago  I  gathered  together  a  few  lowans  to  bring  down  here,  I  had 
to  give  personal  bonds  to  safely  return  to  their  homes  the  bachelor  portion 
of  my  party.  For  they  are  well  appreciated  young  men,  and  their  friends  in 
Iowa  were  fully  aware  of  the  attractiveness  of  Louisiana's  daughters. 

I  brought  this  party  here  for  two  reasons.  I  wanted  the  good  people  of 
New  Orleans  to  see  that  Iowa  had  better  looking  fellows  than  Commissioner 
Fairall  and  myself,  and  I  wanted  all  of  my  fellow  statesmen  to  personally 
know  what  warm  hearts  beat  in  the  bosoms  of  the  sons  and  daughters  of 
Louisiana. 


152  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

To  close,  Mr.  Chairman,  this  arch  suggests  to  me  the  other  monuments 
that  grace  our  public  places.  Fair  temples  in  whose  riches  are  the  statues 
of  our  statesmen  and  heroes.  We  are  to-day  laying  not  only  the  corner  stone 
of  a  simple  arch,  but  the  corner  stone  of  a  Grand  Temple  of  brotherly  love. 
War  may  confer  its  laurels.  The  forum  may  bestow  its  bay  leaves,  and  the 
honored  recipients  will  be  immortalized  in  bronze  and  marble.  But  in  the 
highest  niche  of  this  grand  temple,  in  the  alcove  of  honor,  shall  be  placed 
the  golden  statue  of  he  who,  laboring  to  create  and  perfect  an  Exposition 
like  this,  is  laboring  to  enhance  the  peace,  the  commercial  prosperity,  the- 
amity,  not  only  of  his  own  Commonwealth,  but  of  the  world. 

The  final  speaker  was 

MAJOR    B.   A.   BURKE, 

who  was  enthusiastically  cheered  on  rising,  delivered  an  eloquent  speech,  as 
follows: 

FRIENDS,  FELLOW  CITIZENS  OF  IOWA,  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN:  I  am 
admonished  by  the  flight  of  time  that  few  words  are  to  be  said  by  me  in  clos- 
ing the  ceremonies  of  the  day,  and  in  making  my  remarks  briefly  I  would  have 
my  friends  understand  that  it  is  not  because  the  thoughts  and  the  inspirations 
of  my  heart  are  not  with  them  to  the  fullest  extent.  A  little  more  than  two 
years  ago  the  workers  of  the  world  were  summoned  here,  and  summoned  to 
what?  not  to  build  a  temple  of  stone,  of  iron,  of  brass,  or  of  gold,  not  to 
build  the  temples  that  should  rise  toward  the  sky  and  strong  as  enduring 
mountains,  wreath  themselves  in  the  great  inspirations  that  brought  forth 
the  temples  of  old;  but  to  build  the  great  constructions  that  were  to  typify 
the  greatest  and  grandest  one,  and  signify  the  laying  of  foundations,  the 
raising  of  arches,  and  the  placing  of  capstones  in  that  temple  typified  by 
the  thoughts  of  a  united  people.  We  were  not  only  to  commemorate  the 
greatness  of  the  commerce  and  the  industry  that  had  caused  the  workers  of 
the  world  to  come  forth,  and  the  artizans  with  the  finished  tools  of  all 
trades,  but  we  were  to  do  honor  to  the  patriotic  impulses  that  urged  them 
on. 

Major  Burke  then  referred  to  the  good  accomplished  by  the  Exposition, 
where  the  whole  civilized  world  gathered  together  to  exchange  ideas;  and 
referring  to  Iowa  again,  he  said:  "  When  the  events  of  the  Exposition 
shall  have  gone  down  into  history;  when  its  results  shall  have  been  passed 
upon  by  the  Great  Master  above,  it  will  always  be  a  pleasure  to  think  how 
Iowa  and  Louisiana  worked  side  by  side  in  the  grand  cause."  Later  on  he 
observed:  "Iowa  was  with  us  all  through,  and  here,  thank  God,  she  is 
again  bidding  us  God  speed  in  the  work  that  has  been  re-instituted." 

After  speaking  of  the  co-operation  of  States,  of  the  great  Southern  trade 
and  Oriental  trade,  the  Major  continued:  '•  Aside  from  all  this  there  re- 
mains this  kindly  thought,  that  the  foundations  laid  last  year  will  continue 
to  promote  peace,  fraternity  and  good  will  between  the  people  of  Iowa  and 
Louisiana,  and  we  hope  will  sow  the  seeds  of  perfect  peace  between  the  peo- 
ple of  all  countries." 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER. 


153: 


Major  Burke  then  spoke  in  most  generous  terms  of  the  relations  between 
the  new  and  old  Expositions,  and  concluded  as  follows:  "  When  going 
home  you  will  carry  back  with  you  the  warm  assurance  of  our  appreciation. 
We  shall  carefully  watch  the  construction  of  your  arch,  and  shall  be  with 
you  on  the  final  placing  of  the  key  therein." 

Major  Burke's  remarks  were  frequently  interrupted  by  bursts  of  applause,, 
and  it  was  very  evident  the  gallant  gentleman  has  a  firm  place  in  the  hearts 
of  all  present,  and  of  the  lowans  in  particular. 

COMPLIMENTARY  RESOLUTIONS. 

After  the  ceremonies  there  was  an  informal  meeting  of  citizens,  when 
Major  Burke  read  the  following  resolutions,  which,  on  the  motion  of  Capt.. 
Blaney  T.  Walshe,  were  ordered  to  be  engrossed,  and  copies  supplied  to  the 
Governor  of  Iowa  and  to  Commissioner  Fairall: 

The  people  of  New  Orleans  and  Louisiana,  having  viewed  with  pleasifre 
the  deep  interest  manifested  by  the  people  of  Iowa  in  the  Exposition  held 
in  this  city,  and  having  within  the  short  time  since  the  inauguration  of 
these  movements  already  felt  the  beneficent  influences  of  increased  commer- 
cial activity  between  the  two  States,  and  moie  cordial  social  relations, 
desire  to  express  their  appreciation  of  the  efforts  that  have  accomplished 
these  happy  results 

The  State  of  Iowa  has  returned  to  these  Exposition  buildings,  in  which 
which  it  fittingly  displayed  its  noble  resources  last  year  at  the  World's  Ex- 
position, with  so  enlightened  a  sense  of  its  relations  to  the  Mississippi  River 
and  to  the  great  countries  below  us,  and  so  prodigal  an  exhibit  of  its  deter- 
mination and  power  to  serve  American  commerce,  that  in  the  name  and 
behalf  of  our  local  commercial  elements  upon  which  the  advancement  of 
New  Orleans  largely  depends,  we  are  moved  to  a  spontaneous  assurance  of 
grateful  acknowledgement.  Iowa  demonstrates  to  Louisiana,  especially,  by 
an  arch  of  enduring  granite  that  their  kinship,  derived  from  an  old  territo- 
rial mother,  holds  fast  in  the  geographical  blood  that  flows  in  their  commer- 
cial veins,  and  is  gravely  emphasized  by  a  common  valley  interest.  As  our 
sea-gate  is  forever  open  to  the  commodities  of  Iowa,  our  doors  and  hearts 
are  open  to  her  sons  and  daughters. 

To  Commissioner  H.  S.  Fairall,  in  whose  tireless  service  in  the  interest  of 
the  Valley,  Iowa  has  communicated  so  happy  and  forcible  an  expression  at 
this  Exposition  of  the  North,  Central  and  South  Americas,  and  whose 
urbanity  has  commended  the  Iowa  section  as  a  constant  resort  for  the  peo- 
ple of  our  city,  we  offer  not  only  the  heartiest  thanks  and  good  wishes,  but 
a  continuous  welcome  as  an  original  Louisianian,  which  the  close  of  this 
Exposition  can  in  nowise  impair. 


SKETCH  OF  THE  ARCH. 

The  arch,  whose  huge  foundation  stones  were  in  place  yesterday,  will  be 
constructed  of  granite  from  several  Iowa  quarries.  The  foundation  stones 
are  of  white  North  Bend  rock  from  Iowa  City,  the  next  three  blocks  of  each 
side  from  the  Cedar  river  or  Beaver  quarries,  yellow  in  color;  the  next  two 
Charles  City  marble,  and  the  span  forming  the  open  letters,  "Iowa,"  from 
the  Cedar  river  quarries. 


20 


154  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION. 

The  following  letter  was  next  read: 

FROM  GOVERNOR  SHERMAN. 

STATE  or  IOWA,  EXECUTIVE  OFFICE.  ) 
DBS  MOINES,  Dec.  1, 1885.        f 

Hon.  H.  S.  FAIRALL,  New  Orleans,  La.: 

DEAR  SIR— At  last,  after  much  hope  and  labor  to  visit  you  at'the  Expo- 
sition, I  am  compelled  to  write  that  my  coming  is  impossible.  I  cannot 
now  leave  here  on  account  of  the  very  great  pressure  of  official  business, 
always  more  burdensome  just  preceding  the  session  of  the  Legislature.  You 
cannot  regret  this  so  much  as  I,  for  I  have  been  extremely  anxious  to  attend 
the  Exposition,  and  also  to  see  New  Orleans,  but  I  am  compelled  to  forego 
the  pleasure  so  anticipated.  My  prayers  are  for  your  success  in  your  work. 

I  wish  you  will  explain  to  the  officers  there  the  reason  I  cannot  be  person- 
ally present,  assuring  them  it  is  due  to  no  lack  of  interest,  but  solely  on  ac- 
count of  my  official  engagements,  which  you  know  cannot  be  lost  sight  of. 
I  still  hope  to  see  you  there  before  the  winter  is  over,  for  after  I  am  relieved 
of  the  work  and  care  of  office  I  propose  having  some  recreation,  and  shall 
be  glad  enough  to  visit  New  Orleans.  I  regret  this  enforced  absence,  but 
cannot  help  it ;  and  so  with  best  wishes,  as  ever,  your  friend. 

B.  R.  SHERMAN. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER.  155 


EXPENSES  OF  THE  EXHIBIT. 


The  total  expense  of  making  the  Iowa  exhibit  at  the  American  Ex- 
position, to  this  date,  the  sum  estimated  for  the  maintenance  from 
this  date  to  the  close  of  the  Exposition,  March  31,  1886,  and  its  re- 
turn to  the  State,  is  $8,500.  Of  this  sum  $3,500  was  donated  by  the 
Exposition  management  and  the  remaining  $5,000  has  been  partly  ad- 
vanced by  citizens  of  the  State,  and  is  yet  partly  to  be  secured.  An 
abstract  of  the  expenditure  upon  the  display  to  January  1st,  and  the 
estimates  of  the  sum  required  to  complete  the  work  is  presented 
herewith,  and  the  itemized  expenditure  of  cash  to  the  date  last 
named,  with  all  other  documents  and  papers  pertaining  to  the  subject 
is  transmitted  with  this  report,  with  the  hope  that  the  General  As- 
sembly, upon  their  inspection,  will  provide  means  to  reimburse  the 
outlay  of  its  citizens  and  care  for  the  exhibit. 

ABSTRACT  OF  EXPENSES 

of  Iowa  exhibit  at  the  North,  Central  and  South  American  Exposition. 

Preparing  exhibit,  including  expenses  of  Commissioner  and  as- 
sistants, carpenter  and  other  work,  material  of  various  kind, 
August  1, 1885  to  October  23,  1885 $  2,878.00 

Installation  expenses  and  material,  October  23, 1885  to  December 

31,1885 .' 3,122.00 

Expenses  of  maintenance  and  re-shipment  of  exhibit,  January  1, 

1885  to  March 81, 1886... 2,500.00 


Total $  8,500.00 

Less  contribution  by  Exposition 3,500.00 


$  5,000.00 


3.56  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION. 


ARTICLES  IN  THE  EXHIBIT. 


Following  is  a  list  of  the  articles  now  in  the  exhibit  at  New  Or- 
leans, with  their  reasonable  value.  The  articles  are  in  excellent  con- 
dition and  can  be  returned  to  Iowa,  free  of  freight  charges.  They 
should  become  the  property  of  the  State  as  they  would  be  valuable 
for  the  State  Agricultural  Society  and  useful  for  future  expositions: 

Twelve  upright  glass  cases,  6  feet  by  2  feet  by  8  feet $    500.00 

Four  horizontal  glass  cases 100.00 

•One  pyramid,  octagonal  glass  sides 160.00 

One  grain  rack  and  decorations . .  150.00 

One  large  sign  "Iowa" 75.00 

•Glass  bottler  for  grain 400.00 

•Glass  tuber  for  grain 50.00 

Ten  smaller  signs 100.00 

One  vegetable  rack  and  decoration 100.00 

One  pagoda,  large  size .  125.00 

Office  furniture,  carpets,  set 360.00 

Geological  and  other  specimens 275.00 

€loth,  banners  and  other  articles 300  00 

•Grain  and  seeds 150.00 

Small  pyramids  ard  glass 200.00 

Material  of  "The  Model  Farm"..  1,550.00 


Total $  4,370.00 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER, 


CLAIMS  FOR  EXHIBITS  DESTROYED. 


The  distinct  understanding  between  the  Commission  and  contri- 
butors to  the  Iowa  exhibit,  was  that  all  goods  loaned  for  the  display, 
would  be  returned  in  good  condition  "  ordinary  wear  and  tear  and 
extraordinary  accidents  excepted."  The  railroad  wreck  before  allu- 
ded to,  destroyed  a  large  part  of  the  woman's  exhibit  and,  as  the  list 
•of  articles  injured  or  ruined,  shows,  the  loss  falls  heavily  upon  many 
of  the  women  of  Iowa,  who  had  exhibited  so  much  pride  for  the 
State  in  sending  their  rare  and  costly  work.  In  view  of  the  condi- 
tion of  the  finance  of  the  Commission,  nothing  could  be  done  to  in 
any  manner  compensate  these  ladies  for  their  losses,  but  in  accord- 
ance with  my  promise,  I  thus  call  attention  to  the  matter. 


INDEX  TO  REPORTS, 


PAGE. 

3L.ETTEB  OF  TBANSMITTAL 8 

THE  IOWA  COMMISSION 5 

THE  WORLD'S  EXPOSITION 11 

Introductory  remarks 11 

Iowa  Commission  organized 18 

Preparing  the  exhibit 14 

Exhibit  partially  destroyed 15 

Installing  display 16 

Visitors  from  Iowa 18 

The  exhibit  described 19 

Agricultural  section 18 

Educational 26 

Manufactures  and  machinery 45 

Woman's  work 55 

Dairy  section 73 

Geological 77 

Coal  section > ,  85 

Colored  exhibit .  86 

Horticultural 87 

Sanitary 89 

Milling 89 

Eailroad  section 90 

Fish  section 91 

Live  stock 91 

Private  exhibits 92 

Reports  and  publications 93 

Iowa  Day 94 

Financial 114 

Treasurer's  report 116 

THE  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION— 

Reasons  for  Iowa's  participation 127 

Action  of  United  States  Commissioners 129 

American  Exposition  organized 129 

Iowa's  exhibit  remains. «...  .  1 30 


16Q  INDEX. 

PA  OB 

THE  AMERICAN  EXPOSITION— CONTINUED — 

Replenishing  exhibit 131 

The  exhibit  described 132 

The  model  home 133 

The  model  farm 135- 

The  model  school 139 

Woman'swork 140 

The  Iowa  arch 142 

Expenses  of  exhibit 156 

List  of  articles  in  exhibit 156 

Articles  injured  or  destroyed ...  ..  15T 


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